減肥是不少女性、又或者亦是男性的終身使命。795Please respect copyright.PENANAs8HqO2ZHn8
先天上,兩性在儲存脂肪及體脂分佈上均有非常不同的地方。795Please respect copyright.PENANAtn7Beimd5J
795Please respect copyright.PENANAf4F7Lb7sFL
795Please respect copyright.PENANAYdiWR00dem
795Please respect copyright.PENANADoWNIL6qos
(圖1)已知的知識中,荷爾蒙及性別染色體在脂肪控制上均扮演著舉足輕重的角色。795Please respect copyright.PENANAf1bGyMnqwj
795Please respect copyright.PENANAmLuOj4aU7j
普遍來說,女性傾向把脂肪儲存在臀部,而更年期的女性及男性則傾向把脂肪儲存在肚部。795Please respect copyright.PENANAwpYbga6VYU
795Please respect copyright.PENANACnJ5fGVlSh
增加更年期女性的體內雌激素濃度的話,將能減低脂肪儲存在肚部的傾向,間接證明荷爾蒙對於體脂分佈的影響性。795Please respect copyright.PENANATK8iWbiSGE
795Please respect copyright.PENANA1QM2wFs7ro
然而,性別荷爾蒙在青春期發育的時候最為旺盛,但男女性的人體嬰兒及老鼠在發育之前,體脂的分佈亦已有所不同。795Please respect copyright.PENANAy7rkMG0zV0
而且,XXY的男性比XY的男性,體脂相對為多。795Please respect copyright.PENANAqzKW1dmPxg
795Please respect copyright.PENANATsO9vmXc7c
這亦暗示性別染色體在脂肪控制上亦扮演著一定的角色。795Please respect copyright.PENANAYwUge31oTa
795Please respect copyright.PENANAkayAGz0KK8
而近日就有科學家發表文章(Ref1),解構X染色體導致脂肪相對上較容易增加的原因。795Please respect copyright.PENANALvvX86Hbqi
795Please respect copyright.PENANA9FLFZWt06w
795Please respect copyright.PENANAxSjl4J5KOZ
795Please respect copyright.PENANAkZse6GvASS
(圖2)X染色體主宰超過800種蛋白質的產生。我們的身體有一道名為X inactivation的機制,使其中一條X染色體不能正常運作,好使蛋白質不會以雙倍的方式產生,造就男性及女性相關於X染色體所產生的蛋白質水平不會有太大的差異;795Please respect copyright.PENANAZPCTVtSs7A
男性只有一條X染色體,而X inactivation亦不會發生。795Please respect copyright.PENANAgIoYd9F94A
795Please respect copyright.PENANAJgtKzeFPyF
795Please respect copyright.PENANAdeVXOqsGA0
但有時候,有一些X chromosome區域並沒有被抑制下來,造就女性身上某些蛋白質的數量會比男性為高。795Please respect copyright.PENANATHbb2XzNMI
795Please respect copyright.PENANArdlvVbMiOP
而現今發現,有至少四種蛋白質普遍上並沒有被X inactivation機制抑制下來。795Please respect copyright.PENANA9gfSqSzhzL
795Please respect copyright.PENANAXB3JqKPNCR
795Please respect copyright.PENANAOEViHm0jIr
795Please respect copyright.PENANAoE9dHJCiLM
795Please respect copyright.PENANAoq1Q46GQ3G
795Please respect copyright.PENANAWvtl9Pojfx
(圖3)Kdm5c就是其中一隻沒有被抑制下來的蛋白質,它是一種histone deacetylase,簡單來說就是有著控制基因上那一些蛋白質能夠產生出來,那一些不能產生出來的權力。795Please respect copyright.PENANAMnbevIsuqa
795Please respect copyright.PENANAYOn0KhG1lR
科學家用上不同的實驗證實,Kdm5c有著控制幹細胞較容易變成為脂肪細胞的功能。795Please respect copyright.PENANAgbgI9Xzq0V
795Please respect copyright.PENANA1uG6Tlxl04
在老鼠上,Kdm5c數量的多少,對於進食的數量並沒有太大的變化,但Kedm5c數量較多的老鼠身上則有著更多的脂肪。795Please respect copyright.PENANA22M1Maoae3
795Please respect copyright.PENANAasmB35xpbW
而對比七百多名孖生女性體內Kdm5c數量及其BMI的話,亦能發現有著正比的關係。795Please respect copyright.PENANAo5lPbnx50U
795Please respect copyright.PENANABrXF9Ukp9U
女士先天上較易產生更多的脂肪,將有助懷孕的時候給予嬰兒更多的保護及營養需要。795Please respect copyright.PENANAFf3HENxlMn
而Kdm5c這蛋白質是否為此先天性上而設,暫時還沒有決定性的實驗能夠證實。795Please respect copyright.PENANA070vyQrUUX
795Please respect copyright.PENANAxkVBwFybZ8
至於能否利用基因技術或者藥物來抑制Kdm5c的數量或功效而達至減肥功效,暫時亦沒有任何的數據,而且Kdm5c顯然不只是局限於影響脂肪新陳代謝這一方面,隨意抑壓的話相當有機會會導致不良的副作用效果。795Please respect copyright.PENANAWYmwTO6qvg
795Please respect copyright.PENANAVJwBoxIKOX
795Please respect copyright.PENANAyEA20ttFkF
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。795Please respect copyright.PENANAU2xmiEGFfg
795Please respect copyright.PENANAuqhvLtL96u
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc795Please respect copyright.PENANAdJ6Fku8GaI
795Please respect copyright.PENANA8SBGWe8cZf
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。795Please respect copyright.PENANAUgvlpd0Fsc
795Please respect copyright.PENANAVEx7jImKOf
Link:795Please respect copyright.PENANA33hJ8tSVnh
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio795Please respect copyright.PENANAFOfqEa4WRA
795Please respect copyright.PENANAKRIZVUiVQX
795Please respect copyright.PENANA4wGr643eK4
有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。795Please respect copyright.PENANA7byvR43iBE
795Please respect copyright.PENANAJWL2vzZxMG
795Please respect copyright.PENANAW7EeohDiSD
Ref1:https://www.jci.org/articles/view/140223795Please respect copyright.PENANAQ0Lwys1f5x