The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8KDfscFEmK
Ars Goetia1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2gXLkAL6Pl
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1Vu6yYYk00
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2fROu2XLC8
2) Duke Agares1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0IgzmBEEXu
3) Prince Vassago1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVOPe2garAg
4) Marquis Samigina1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRn9acDHCdV
5) President Marbas1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYbGQQtntVf
6) Duke Valefor1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9YgzOqyV4s
7) Marquis Amon1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ue0wtLjfv
8) Duke Barbatos1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSfhcwKH8gk
9) King Paimon1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbCphWeoWP4
10) President Buer1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh8RDTqxopC
11) Duke Gusion1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzRSXxNGCuv
12) Prince Sitri1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn2meRBFyHo
13) King Beleth1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxIhhhgRCde
14) Marquis Leraje1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB0uw3pfZ21
15) Duke Eligos1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgDMmr2Qc6w
16) Duke Zepar1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSLkDHOBLR0
17) Count/President Botis1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvVLzBOw5z6
18) Duke Bathin1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV4GSiM6iBP
19) Duke Sallos1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe7QxQ41bRo
20) King Purson1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzWQ8v3fevM
21) Count/President Marax1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPplNHEzTdE
22) Count/Prince Ipos1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh7GT4DoZtx
23) Duke Aim1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0XkUMz8G66
24) Marquis Naberius1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpFB9QQ56mD
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp9U5hnJ8j3
26) Duke Buné1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRXDKNM20SI
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9fRJNkL3PX
28) Duke Berith1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJTE3s14SDH
29) Duke Astaroth1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6V4cPDegsK
30) Marquis Forneus1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjR0hShqnQq
31) President Foras1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG2Ha0mEIVy
32) King Asmoday1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKKqW4d3TRz
33) Prince/President Gäap1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3gjbVLp1xf
34) Count Furfur1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVlwHZqYUEn
35) Marquis Marchosias1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBIIJmhgSwW
36) Prince Stolas1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjTd5EaYEd0
37) Marquis Phenex1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCHER6mAbml
38) Count Halphas1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAjjDunEy5T
39) President Malphas1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5ZgICH4baz
40) Count Räum1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAQgQcZcHql
41) Duke Focalor1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNKvCipZFN4
42) Duke Vepar1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4vAmfkpTrP
43) Marquis Sabnock1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTBmbXIxUQN
44) Marquis Shax1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgQtqqF3jHN
45) King/Count Viné1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ42FoldLmA0
46) Count Bifrons1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡin8SvBT9vl
47) Duke Vual1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrs8jB1iZZh
48) President Haagenti1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy8MV5BmW2g
49) Duke Crocell1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGpQbkJJodK
50) Knight Furcas1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsKmfxps0Qk
51) King Balam1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoEbRlcDiCk
52) Duke Alloces1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpx8LPK48Nr
53) President Caim1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVuYw91DyQm
54) Duke/Count Murmur1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmYNGjLTjP0
55) Prince Orobas1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz5bN0hNqt5
56) Duke Gremory1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRlW1rptLFd
57) President Ose1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCOTq6x8G4k
58) President Amy1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcoGZ3DfjBG
59) Marquis Orias1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfGoSlSaylq
60) Duke Vapula1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYfrfQw5KqS
61) King/President Zagan1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAXe7EBo16o
62) President Valac1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaLhNQMRDIu
63) Marquis Andras1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCZEKbgIeUU
64) Duke Flauros1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwPLo3moM68
65) Marquis Andrealphus1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeEJDkYf0MF
66) Marquis Kimaris1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVQdLqnhq72
67) Duke Amdusias1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUAUyjawaOx
68) King Belial1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw3eGxjvqCe
69) Marquis Decarabia1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnkwmLk2uTa
70) Prince Seere1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgKjvhEo4uJ
71) Duke Dantalion1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ02aItZed5h
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLyLG45c3SW
Ars Theurgia Goetia1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbpBigOJ9Ph
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbtSQFf31Vo
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Ars Paulina1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkx31AB8ZJE
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6WlZ8xI0um
Ars Almadel1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJnQRQZlLfP
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkBll2NCTes
Ars Notoria1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdNKdx0qYLR
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb3bwmbh3Yi
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ856pQfiOxp
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNwWUja2IGu
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvx0R4GEyWf
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdWzVUWD0bj
5 Invidia (Envy)1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5isWlEwn0K
6 Ira (wrath)1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡudzmDAP6nx
7 Acedia (sloth)1108Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcRoNhsgHcL
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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