The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbhzwK1Lsmk
Ars Goetia1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbjcfivye2v
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhLhpHINZxd
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡogDrjufXdI
2) Duke Agares1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTOAK72jxzj
3) Prince Vassago1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6wbC1rfPVc
4) Marquis Samigina1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkcBvwAuNjT
5) President Marbas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEAts0kMtdh
6) Duke Valefor1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzoGYX6nqzA
7) Marquis Amon1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRxzi4ILCK6
8) Duke Barbatos1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwB0EB8naCJ
9) King Paimon1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT66a06b4j6
10) President Buer1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg9DLM0hdd9
11) Duke Gusion1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDQHlwSkVlZ
12) Prince Sitri1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6txDjxWFwe
13) King Beleth1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ1ERiydgES
14) Marquis Leraje1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIjF83LJFJs
15) Duke Eligos1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3IEvz4FMek
16) Duke Zepar1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡieDWf00xDX
17) Count/President Botis1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKdqug7FAWv
18) Duke Bathin1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxQZSCSNTuh
19) Duke Sallos1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ233ix7wgki
20) King Purson1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV3R7ojKROG
21) Count/President Marax1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTRekDV6ewo
22) Count/Prince Ipos1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeg4ZBuzwz0
23) Duke Aim1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrDKMNaP4Bq
24) Marquis Naberius1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPHqw5RcLew
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtgx9p5Jm3i
26) Duke Buné1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYPt1L4mxmL
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJlQQ4BWPVV
28) Duke Berith1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6exQOOxKxo
29) Duke Astaroth1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWSPg6wTOHB
30) Marquis Forneus1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsI3AR2A46L
31) President Foras1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYJ07eRKmak
32) King Asmoday1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp52DNP2yQY
33) Prince/President Gäap1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡri77rlYdQG
34) Count Furfur1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ3mi6tO4kq
35) Marquis Marchosias1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXZVAd7AOpE
36) Prince Stolas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkhluK819jt
37) Marquis Phenex1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxO29UKoYbX
38) Count Halphas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBwblljUWFI
39) President Malphas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiTlccmgO4o
40) Count Räum1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpb0v2VfTcl
41) Duke Focalor1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ4BNlFeqCq
42) Duke Vepar1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh9nl1yY8Os
43) Marquis Sabnock1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSaAdR0S3CK
44) Marquis Shax1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMRZ1M7kyUE
45) King/Count Viné1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDBw0wYetVH
46) Count Bifrons1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTqYDlLkp9P
47) Duke Vual1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdhAgcHwWJQ
48) President Haagenti1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxAsk4mcPCx
49) Duke Crocell1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMeUrlVJYSJ
50) Knight Furcas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFhiOpVQfk0
51) King Balam1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsn4JT66DW2
52) Duke Alloces1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4KzJQApm1Z
53) President Caim1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzeiQrsziAM
54) Duke/Count Murmur1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEV49LJjUlU
55) Prince Orobas1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgAQF7F3uqI
56) Duke Gremory1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6RlaT4ZnRr
57) President Ose1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYmAI0JajYM
58) President Amy1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC2bcfVCDeH
59) Marquis Orias1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpyVxKabpwm
60) Duke Vapula1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡESQXZ6tQNr
61) King/President Zagan1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbAC8yJkaaS
62) President Valac1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNaQ0jsWgSW
63) Marquis Andras1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCpGowGOB88
64) Duke Flauros1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf4zjSTQpT1
65) Marquis Andrealphus1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9xf6VCHejO
66) Marquis Kimaris1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpWZIVvcTX5
67) Duke Amdusias1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdcIpmDz7qB
68) King Belial1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWBaX1nUKn6
69) Marquis Decarabia1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡukr6gmhtrs
70) Prince Seere1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo0fAlAcpmG
71) Duke Dantalion1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtE4nx40UgA
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJJWgeKjHt6
Ars Theurgia Goetia1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFL64kYVGGg
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXekFAAUliW
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Ars Paulina1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuTuJ52jkOE
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlbo6BEQwSV
Ars Almadel1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXcjxe46msF
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ36H41MUAHA
Ars Notoria1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSI3iqFnEOu
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1JTi06IgeC
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXkG4WcM0qk
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmNoWCd4i0E
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGpZyhPF1It
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqiGHAmxbBS
5 Invidia (Envy)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBJGaQwSh9c
6 Ira (wrath)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX7adkoqo5S
7 Acedia (sloth)1111Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNGbmBfgUvr
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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