「當然是甜酸醬! 甜甜酸酸才夠刺激!」403Please respect copyright.PENANAX82eOlQFXC
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「吓? 薯條當然是配茄汁吧! 甜酸醬是用來配麥樂雞的嘛!」403Please respect copyright.PENANAiyjI5W0mHM
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「No! No! No! 由你們決定點上醬汁的那一刻開始,整件事就已經變得大錯特錯!403Please respect copyright.PENANAIrleH4VObp
薯條的精粹就是那陣獨特的薯仔味,點上其他醬料來蓋過那陣薯味簡直就是本末倒置!」403Please respect copyright.PENANApehiLdl75P
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「哈哈,我才不會自我限制只點上某一種醬汁這麼愚笨呢!403Please respect copyright.PENANA9zisWWfyxM
我會把甜酸醬倒在中間位置,再用茄汁打圈圍繞甜酸醬,看當日的心情來決定點上那一種醬料!」403Please respect copyright.PENANAiSSfTCVDyD
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洽時間,在演講廳內的所有學生無一不議論紛紛的激辯起來,再也不展露出任何的疲態,而是激昂地發表自己的薯條偉論。403Please respect copyright.PENANALKNV4RFNff
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「唔,差不多是時候了...」403Please respect copyright.PENANAL8csrhtxQR
看到在座學生全都進入「狀態」後,血時隨即進行下一步計劃起來。403Please respect copyright.PENANAncKI190ckQ
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「其實,薯條沾上哪一種醬汁,是和ABO血型的機制非常相似的!403Please respect copyright.PENANAywaU8O7tGq
點上茄汁的薯條就是A型,甜酸醬則是B型,兩者都沾上的是AB型,而甚麼也不點的則是O型!」403Please respect copyright.PENANAEWcB9pIpBh
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血時大聲說出這番理論後,學生們無不全神貫注的看著血時,一臉期待的樣子,期盼著他之後的解釋及演說。403Please respect copyright.PENANAs1Vc4X8cL4
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“唉,現今時代教書真的是非常不簡單呢,竟然要用上學生喜愛的話題來引起他們的注意及興趣....”403Please respect copyright.PENANAqgAP1qHqtK
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紅血球表面上充滿著各種不同的抗原(Antigen),形象化的來說就是紅血球表面插上有著臨臨種種的薯條,從而讓其他細胞作識別之用。403Please respect copyright.PENANASX6PT2mXji
這些抗原可以是由碳水化合物、蛋白質、糖蛋白或糖脂所組成,而決定ABO血型的抗原結構則與大自然間所發現得到(非人工合成)的碳水化合物非常近似。403Please respect copyright.PENANAkBQwSeZI6x
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紅血球上的ABO血型抗原被稱之為H antigen(H 薯條),根據著H antigen的結構不同,我們可以把血型界分為A、B、AB與及O型。403Please respect copyright.PENANA1g2lq8MGCW
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(在此請先消化多一次上述內容,以免在期後會變得非常混淆;403Please respect copyright.PENANA88n3KyMxIS
A血型裡頭其實再有細分為A1和A2,為免令大家太過混亂的關係,將不會在此提及。)403Please respect copyright.PENANAnVXdhLOpc6
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能夠改變H antigen結構的是為一種蛋白質酶素,Glycosyltransferase(糖基轉移酶)。這隻酶素的作用就是把一些與糖分有關的結構從一方轉移到另一方的裡頭。403Please respect copyright.PENANAbiKfRdH1ta
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父母親傳授給我們的染色體,將決定著我們身體裡頭那隻改變H antigen結構的酶素的所作所為。403Please respect copyright.PENANAtovsB1osSk
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A血型身體裡頭的那隻酶素能夠把H antigen加上名為N-acetylgalactosamine的糖分結構,B血型裡頭所加上的是D-galactose的糖分結構,AB血液兩種酶素均同時存在的關係,故此上述的兩種糖分結構均出現在H antigen裡頭。403Please respect copyright.PENANA7DD9UNPyAk
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O血型裡頭的那隻酶素先天性有著缺陷的關係,並沒能在H antigen上冠上任何糖分的結構。403Please respect copyright.PENANAUNNJJAQXXt
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用類比方式來作出描述的話,A血液裡頭的紅血球插上了沾有茄汁的薯條,B血液的薯條則沾上了甜酸醬,AB為最貪心的那一位,兩款醬汁均同時沾上。403Please respect copyright.PENANAtGzAHGTqg6
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而O型的人則為一無所有,薯條並沒有沾上任何醬汁。403Please respect copyright.PENANAbr7ZlPn1ME
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聽到薯條ABO血液理論後,在場學生無不嘩然起來,對血時所提出的比喻感到嘖嘖稱奇。403Please respect copyright.PENANADrs8xxuu09
大概是對這個話題生起了興趣的關係,有好幾名學生主動舉手發出提問,其中有一條問題血時認為問得非常之好。403Please respect copyright.PENANAKTpVAeIGCg
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「血時教授,既然是有三種不同H antigen結構的話,為何前人不把血型分類命名為ABC,而是ABO呢?」403Please respect copyright.PENANAAjzhZBUjfo
一名女學生舉手作出提問。403Please respect copyright.PENANAzfAA8LEDQm
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「噢,這問題問得非常好,同學你的名字是甚麼呢?」403Please respect copyright.PENANAf3DzDX2KMu
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「茱燕...」403Please respect copyright.PENANAY8dWaKJryE
她紅著臉,含羞答答的說著。403Please respect copyright.PENANAg5LWemOvSV
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「茱燕嗎........... 這可真的是一個好名字呢!403Please respect copyright.PENANAzkAc4IM0ri
你的問題我非常樂意解問!」403Please respect copyright.PENANABzSdzEJAJs
血時聽到燕這個字後,心裡頓時感到一酸,神情明顯遲呆了一下。403Please respect copyright.PENANAigIEY5KkSq
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不過作為一名專業的大學教授,他很快的把心理調整起來,繼續作出講解。403Please respect copyright.PENANA5niRbGQwoe
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在二十世紀初期,一名奧地利科學家Karl Landsteiner發現個別人士的紅血球與某些人的血漿混合後會凝固聚集起來,透過不同的測試底下他把血液定分為不同組別,亦即是現今ABO血液的初型;403Please respect copyright.PENANAC86UV3PYQA
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他的這項發現,更令他成功奪得了1930年的諾貝爾醫學獎。403Please respect copyright.PENANAzaLznAAJVs
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他認為紅血球凝固的原因是因為與血液裡頭的抗體(Antibodies)產生反應。403Please respect copyright.PENANAJkNHwrTzMB
反覆測試底下,他發現出兩組不同的抗原,故此把它們命名為A及B。而在實驗的過程中,他發現到某類人的血液缺乏A和B抗原,故此便把那類人的血液以德文”Ohen”(沒有)來作出命名。403Please respect copyright.PENANAIZiI79Xy90
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他的發現的確並沒有錯,O血液人裡頭的H antigen的確沒有被冠上任何糖粉結構,用德文Ohen命名無疑是非常合適。403Please respect copyright.PENANA5HVSDNMjnu
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這亦是為何現今我們會用上ABO來作出血液命名,而不是用上ABC英文字母的系統。403Please respect copyright.PENANAyEO9WKhe76
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