在胎盤膜的阻隔下,胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起,但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔,互相在母子母女之間作出交換。596Please respect copyright.PENANAMLDaoOeizV
596Please respect copyright.PENANApN02Q7h3kp
596Please respect copyright.PENANAJ5jd4vp5lI
在母親懷孕的時期,其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭,為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;596Please respect copyright.PENANAMRcD07x2po
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係,母親的協助是非常重要的。596Please respect copyright.PENANArib5IN3akk
596Please respect copyright.PENANA1l2p2J85c4
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好,但無奈魔鬼在細節,當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ596Please respect copyright.PENANAcFVvwOOScg
596Please respect copyright.PENANAYdQT2u3Uat
抗體的母嬰利益輸送,無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機,引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。596Please respect copyright.PENANAl6uV3fXAoE
596Please respect copyright.PENANAsp5k8hGjTw
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度,若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話,胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住,當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀,情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。596Please respect copyright.PENANA1odYXW6SWP
596Please respect copyright.PENANA0N4rSTomGz
但是,若果紅血球被過量分解的話,身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話,膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解,由母親為孩兒作出分擔。596Please respect copyright.PENANA832ooMKgQG
596Please respect copyright.PENANAl4wemvus2k
若胎兒脫離母體,尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話,情況就真的是不堪設想;596Please respect copyright.PENANALCvV2kDbWW
596Please respect copyright.PENANAEJwhNZQd3y
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素,膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加,最終更會進入腦部,做成永久性的神經損毀。596Please respect copyright.PENANAX1ahIi2qqF
596Please respect copyright.PENANAkbfIeT8Akd
596Please respect copyright.PENANATAIJ40d1YV
596Please respect copyright.PENANAXTvAorrDZN
596Please respect copyright.PENANA6p7esBPHzz
在新生兒溶血症方面,Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。596Please respect copyright.PENANALEdlO9TnPp
596Please respect copyright.PENANAhpMognd3VB
主要的原因分別有兩個,第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少,故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。596Please respect copyright.PENANAzuI08K1r3u
596Please respect copyright.PENANAInhFrsHmsB
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球,在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen,因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;596Please respect copyright.PENANAHtxR6LBV6q
596Please respect copyright.PENANApbShiyYd0T
相反,Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到,其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen,母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。596Please respect copyright.PENANA3LAHxTaQIk
596Please respect copyright.PENANAlLoTKRji15
596Please respect copyright.PENANAJmfRbUEmT2
正因如此,在絕大多數的情況下,新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。596Please respect copyright.PENANAsC4nnW2X6n
596Please respect copyright.PENANAzhTCw3SLDY
(亞洲人的族裔,約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)596Please respect copyright.PENANAUjP9dP4xyP
____________________________________596Please respect copyright.PENANAbaP4e4qtd5
596Please respect copyright.PENANALukmGQY0yJ
「克BB,我血型是A-哦,你呢?」596Please respect copyright.PENANAoPhK9EPDVQ
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後,坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。596Please respect copyright.PENANAlEviI8scyW
596Please respect copyright.PENANAHTLZxI9D0J
「我是B+....」596Please respect copyright.PENANA7egh3q3MGe
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡,神態自若的說著。596Please respect copyright.PENANAIugre29dQi
596Please respect copyright.PENANAayD0bPwH3u
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?596Please respect copyright.PENANAdv8BMk6rsb
我很喜歡小孩子的哦,那怎樣辦呀,BB?」596Please respect copyright.PENANAbUug0Ou6h0
596Please respect copyright.PENANAUhOcPXTxkp
596Please respect copyright.PENANA0ZbNN33V8Y
女生負(沒有D antigen),男生正(有D antigen),嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。596Please respect copyright.PENANAuR9zUIpAMo
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen,嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物,被母體的免疫系統攻勢,引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。596Please respect copyright.PENANAc08DAfEWVb
596Please respect copyright.PENANAQBreIZT6fb
596Please respect copyright.PENANAx5w2JHSlrH
「喂,靚女,我姓馬,血型B-,名副其實是你的駙馬呢!596Please respect copyright.PENANAxMfyTFSpLG
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影,互相了解一下對方?」596Please respect copyright.PENANAHGoOq5ICxs
那名女生身後的一名男生,洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。596Please respect copyright.PENANA2MPicRTj0t
596Please respect copyright.PENANAxz01Fk5xzL
596Please respect copyright.PENANAVPECNUmip7
女生負(沒有D antigen),男生負(沒有D antigen),嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen),新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。596Please respect copyright.PENANAJZO43p7kQ3
596Please respect copyright.PENANAbjTjwGmlqQ
596Please respect copyright.PENANAryye4aNLCa
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的,你別痴心妄想啦!」596Please respect copyright.PENANAWOJ3GoNFxv
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後,隨即窩在那名男生的懷中,展示出自己的恩愛。596Please respect copyright.PENANAayizCifP3b
596Please respect copyright.PENANA7YPpMqHaDP
596Please respect copyright.PENANAd1n1u89r83
596Please respect copyright.PENANAoDPSsNXVIW
「唉,你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?596Please respect copyright.PENANAxp0SA915yN
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?596Please respect copyright.PENANA8XmOFTSey4
596Please respect copyright.PENANA39Css2oZi0
我這隻絕世好馬,究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢,天呀!」596Please respect copyright.PENANAN2zhZeksW2
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型,一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。596Please respect copyright.PENANAODFDsvC1Qx
596Please respect copyright.PENANASweNykEdrw
596Please respect copyright.PENANAlHDmA8FAfD
596Please respect copyright.PENANA1oFZS0V8tY
「其實,第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!596Please respect copyright.PENANAFnDXi9atoY
再加上現今科技如此先進,一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」596Please respect copyright.PENANAPh5TPaK3eM
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡,用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。596Please respect copyright.PENANAMYEkDDpc2I
596Please respect copyright.PENANApEIOSoNOEZ
596Please respect copyright.PENANA6XwuUjKiyq
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話,血時均聽得一清二楚。596Please respect copyright.PENANAMWrB9yky3f
對於克同學的見解,血時可是非常的認同。596Please respect copyright.PENANA4K4yylFyzG
596Please respect copyright.PENANAFkz5fT0SGi
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」596Please respect copyright.PENANAN2VJu4zuJ8
596Please respect copyright.PENANAubMmKUfLf5
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體,胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。596Please respect copyright.PENANAGMYZJL3COH
596Please respect copyright.PENANAxxMQbSWfvu
在Rh血型為負的母親來說,除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液,否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;596Please respect copyright.PENANAS2CVQMoNZw
596Please respect copyright.PENANAe26hpC2puQ
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方,ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下,正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。596Please respect copyright.PENANAITclR2PFJZ
596Please respect copyright.PENANAKgVVQPVBJ6
596Please respect copyright.PENANAz3Qxugno0O
596Please respect copyright.PENANANFda5FwCuy
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統,但在母親產下第一胎的期間,過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。596Please respect copyright.PENANAufsDxiSZdO
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話,這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;596Please respect copyright.PENANALkVeSaAQ6H
596Please respect copyright.PENANAnwPt9qQOAi
只不過,若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話,母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球,這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低,有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。596Please respect copyright.PENANAX68756H8lM
596Please respect copyright.PENANAjYvIhAi1mu
596Please respect copyright.PENANAUPRgHewYCD
無論如何,這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體,將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。596Please respect copyright.PENANAsiQsm3kqZp
596Please respect copyright.PENANANgx2YpiWSv
不過不用害怕,現今醫療科技發達,醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況,亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。596Please respect copyright.PENANAfia4MXyPWQ
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體,避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen,必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血,更換死去的紅血球細胞。596Please respect copyright.PENANAcpXWpqGuCe
596Please respect copyright.PENANAzSRLYjLdBQ
596Please respect copyright.PENANArnBionxrln
596Please respect copyright.PENANAy48uXe74lw
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況,在現今的社會上是不會發生的。596Please respect copyright.PENANA16BxPo4AOi
596Please respect copyright.PENANAtZu6ajC984
596Please respect copyright.PENANA0gCNWwQdcU
______________________________________596Please respect copyright.PENANAVWaVQvKzSa
596Please respect copyright.PENANAOehf32rMWg
596Please respect copyright.PENANAnEsFwTEbjB
鈴...鈴...鈴.....596Please respect copyright.PENANANm1MGjB6kJ
596Please respect copyright.PENANAj9Qt4nhL95
講解的時間過得特別快,說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。596Please respect copyright.PENANAlbZgxpsMQL
596Please respect copyright.PENANA2pap2O0AZ6
血時迅速的收拾個人物品,啪啪聲的關上電腦,比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。596Please respect copyright.PENANAm1YD2iKmkj
596Please respect copyright.PENANARKdEMGmQ31
596Please respect copyright.PENANARYnvRWzWqb
「血..血時教授...」596Please respect copyright.PENANAAR9SDVZgp0
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的,奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速,她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。596Please respect copyright.PENANAnbjdG2vDNh
596Please respect copyright.PENANAeDbeRpmYsx
596Please respect copyright.PENANAXHtXePmSkj
596Please respect copyright.PENANAGx7QBO4NrE
「......」596Please respect copyright.PENANAsgApPaW4wJ
她打開演講廳的門口,四周張望,只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。596Please respect copyright.PENANAc7JHYdZlpb
596Please respect copyright.PENANAOAqxH31xlS
596Please respect copyright.PENANA1NFypsVL12
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」596Please respect copyright.PENANAvSwxhYZkQZ