The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrJQpJCoLdt
Ars Goetia1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDsmlYpuf1q
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy059YmdFXk
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6YQeJm2mhj
2) Duke Agares1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLAfc5kEgda
3) Prince Vassago1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNxDhEwt9q7
4) Marquis Samigina1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgElNMMguSa
5) President Marbas1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEaPwa1jKlQ
6) Duke Valefor1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBgP3kfp5qV
7) Marquis Amon1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUKrmOQIHMT
8) Duke Barbatos1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8YiaUgOxFP
9) King Paimon1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡINMK1nu1IY
10) President Buer1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6DTXxEIsSe
11) Duke Gusion1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6NgetEoXwR
12) Prince Sitri1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWlhtkAsqZZ
13) King Beleth1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgflcjElIW9
14) Marquis Leraje1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpPdI9kQB0J
15) Duke Eligos1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEp5x8QWZDG
16) Duke Zepar1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZh8QewXURj
17) Count/President Botis1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWA9O6vvEc4
18) Duke Bathin1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNDgxnPvZBJ
19) Duke Sallos1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX9m82ioG6y
20) King Purson1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBdPYWvCKOS
21) Count/President Marax1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ln6HoF7ug
22) Count/Prince Ipos1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfXys3uCKB3
23) Duke Aim1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2w71QyUqcO
24) Marquis Naberius1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlhi8iyCMsN
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrZLhAgGiVj
26) Duke Buné1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ58O36pqu3l
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXQmMN8PhmF
28) Duke Berith1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTDyzoM9A6S
29) Duke Astaroth1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ5zPQ2vMWn
30) Marquis Forneus1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxqsY1azC37
31) President Foras1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡouqNp7xTsN
32) King Asmoday1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6pyidlStT7
33) Prince/President Gäap1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpElfR7iN62
34) Count Furfur1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡintXU9IURu
35) Marquis Marchosias1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpLmBIPj89a
36) Prince Stolas1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgWm0CjmfNa
37) Marquis Phenex1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX9eKouyy1y
38) Count Halphas1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcZDp2o8qLj
39) President Malphas1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrg4CIiBYcr
40) Count Räum1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡovAZf5jwPW
41) Duke Focalor1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjSq5eOXwHy
42) Duke Vepar1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAavxMr4bVQ
43) Marquis Sabnock1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ24bw951SAN
44) Marquis Shax1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8SckPZDASO
45) King/Count Viné1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5S2tPslMzb
46) Count Bifrons1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDxWmrJmHPL
47) Duke Vual1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcf4ppGNh1P
48) President Haagenti1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHrvdAgz2rc
49) Duke Crocell1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVNRjTzhROc
50) Knight Furcas1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz7dODYLHgb
51) King Balam1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ80qVq8ANuL
52) Duke Alloces1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE7qmlL6D8D
53) President Caim1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsnukJesrr1
54) Duke/Count Murmur1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW8cxPBbjtn
55) Prince Orobas1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaybNRid0kl
56) Duke Gremory1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHOpdIyXKOa
57) President Ose1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡELoczVKwdu
58) President Amy1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWnrKfQxZ3Y
59) Marquis Orias1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrg2n6OOz4q
60) Duke Vapula1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQPyrthNUc3
61) King/President Zagan1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡleOLlmOsQq
62) President Valac1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVOM5AVT3g3
63) Marquis Andras1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWALUtkWjX5
64) Duke Flauros1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2RJJcDUKb9
65) Marquis Andrealphus1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU5T8zW0uRi
66) Marquis Kimaris1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbv23P6GEiI
67) Duke Amdusias1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGB7gW7FuGS
68) King Belial1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl70X2gLsQF
69) Marquis Decarabia1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkjSOJqpxpl
70) Prince Seere1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡathL2KzKP9
71) Duke Dantalion1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡThtlO8L0Eg
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgvIW5GmPKH
Ars Theurgia Goetia1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtbW7ZJdjQ9
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHkHUIAh8PI
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Ars Paulina1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiS1aXS7LER
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfjQwqBG74S
Ars Almadel1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx78jTNPUIb
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2s2Dbu3tBV
Ars Notoria1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡME38CBFULS
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4QrMMwDbIL
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpFlewcGfKf
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtc4RrHVxjd
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdFIbFE27jL
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDm5fTciahM
5 Invidia (Envy)1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDyEpxKnuil
6 Ira (wrath)1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpzeOZU7gq9
7 Acedia (sloth)1114Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF4OON7CXpS
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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