The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.805Please respect copyright.PENANA8rlu0yUNOP
Ars Goetia805Please respect copyright.PENANAAdikdpFpAL
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.805Please respect copyright.PENANA87b2gAnMQQ
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael805Please respect copyright.PENANArwWz8Ls8TS
2) Duke Agares805Please respect copyright.PENANAng4WMyRnRr
3) Prince Vassago805Please respect copyright.PENANASIb6ZnygSS
4) Marquis Samigina805Please respect copyright.PENANAUdJm4EhPDV
5) President Marbas805Please respect copyright.PENANADJWfIDCO9D
6) Duke Valefor805Please respect copyright.PENANABhV9Co94Qz
7) Marquis Amon805Please respect copyright.PENANArQXYt4vuSG
8) Duke Barbatos805Please respect copyright.PENANAkXOIyWV9rJ
9) King Paimon805Please respect copyright.PENANAgrrx94x8Li
10) President Buer805Please respect copyright.PENANATDxnIfRc8Z
11) Duke Gusion805Please respect copyright.PENANAUCKjr11hdZ
12) Prince Sitri805Please respect copyright.PENANA36aCNVDDxK
13) King Beleth805Please respect copyright.PENANAfG7QRS3bbd
14) Marquis Leraje805Please respect copyright.PENANALZo6V0MyxJ
15) Duke Eligos805Please respect copyright.PENANAjsN9wb4sZF
16) Duke Zepar805Please respect copyright.PENANASe33wnRSlB
17) Count/President Botis805Please respect copyright.PENANARUeH7WoGsK
18) Duke Bathin805Please respect copyright.PENANAuIDlgbh5nK
19) Duke Sallos805Please respect copyright.PENANAxCRuQuAKgP
20) King Purson805Please respect copyright.PENANAFCApCs32J4
21) Count/President Marax805Please respect copyright.PENANA3ni6TH8SxC
22) Count/Prince Ipos805Please respect copyright.PENANA5VIMcDvQzm
23) Duke Aim805Please respect copyright.PENANAYW1qtHf9yp
24) Marquis Naberius805Please respect copyright.PENANAAPUeoRMaE0
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas805Please respect copyright.PENANAiILSrlaHxW
26) Duke Buné805Please respect copyright.PENANApva16VBf5P
27) Marquis/Count Ronové805Please respect copyright.PENANAiEhR51PCRk
28) Duke Berith805Please respect copyright.PENANAuWj7VnYRws
29) Duke Astaroth805Please respect copyright.PENANA2hn1VevB4N
30) Marquis Forneus805Please respect copyright.PENANAbvh30W1c4V
31) President Foras805Please respect copyright.PENANANDrOuue49e
32) King Asmoday805Please respect copyright.PENANAywh3c03vHZ
33) Prince/President Gäap805Please respect copyright.PENANAUV4NdU9Ump
34) Count Furfur805Please respect copyright.PENANAupN7UKLtLZ
35) Marquis Marchosias805Please respect copyright.PENANAuifNO7OIzB
36) Prince Stolas805Please respect copyright.PENANAlFHAn91TYR
37) Marquis Phenex805Please respect copyright.PENANAVG7u2Hsu5a
38) Count Halphas805Please respect copyright.PENANAPTUIckW4Ie
39) President Malphas805Please respect copyright.PENANAtqIN40b7tS
40) Count Räum805Please respect copyright.PENANAYnwk30Ahiw
41) Duke Focalor805Please respect copyright.PENANAjj322vqP1l
42) Duke Vepar805Please respect copyright.PENANAQnzoyA1UrI
43) Marquis Sabnock805Please respect copyright.PENANA1opepbCA6i
44) Marquis Shax805Please respect copyright.PENANAiNQ500t6aj
45) King/Count Viné805Please respect copyright.PENANAeXcisFW5Qr
46) Count Bifrons805Please respect copyright.PENANABfQpOam983
47) Duke Vual805Please respect copyright.PENANAoXqOEQgRov
48) President Haagenti805Please respect copyright.PENANAmENHVsoGMK
49) Duke Crocell805Please respect copyright.PENANAQTUPO9Ahfy
50) Knight Furcas805Please respect copyright.PENANA306KDM2G9O
51) King Balam805Please respect copyright.PENANAlPwusF8oWy
52) Duke Alloces805Please respect copyright.PENANAxbAaTUYjAp
53) President Caim805Please respect copyright.PENANAx2FUPQJOz7
54) Duke/Count Murmur805Please respect copyright.PENANAIU6vFnuO63
55) Prince Orobas805Please respect copyright.PENANA8oMAdsbbJU
56) Duke Gremory805Please respect copyright.PENANAl4COOs9JMJ
57) President Ose805Please respect copyright.PENANADiX6i0YWsD
58) President Amy805Please respect copyright.PENANAHrR9EWGLyt
59) Marquis Orias805Please respect copyright.PENANAVWdX3O6Jjq
60) Duke Vapula805Please respect copyright.PENANAKm64jRAqGW
61) King/President Zagan805Please respect copyright.PENANAtXYvvQR9KG
62) President Valac805Please respect copyright.PENANAe3Xrgzjl58
63) Marquis Andras805Please respect copyright.PENANAQoPLYEQg0t
64) Duke Flauros805Please respect copyright.PENANAOyTRQ4e3Z3
65) Marquis Andrealphus805Please respect copyright.PENANAtraYrHgjwi
66) Marquis Kimaris805Please respect copyright.PENANAGt7AMyOBtw
67) Duke Amdusias805Please respect copyright.PENANAk9BUOKKwrT
68) King Belial805Please respect copyright.PENANAaz5EeMR8Ec
69) Marquis Decarabia805Please respect copyright.PENANA8b0zmIsWXM
70) Prince Seere805Please respect copyright.PENANASAlaUOp8Y5
71) Duke Dantalion805Please respect copyright.PENANAntHiPF4c1c
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."805Please respect copyright.PENANAIwPcND3h55
Ars Theurgia Goetia805Please respect copyright.PENANAsRC3Zx6c2g
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.805Please respect copyright.PENANAWQ1ubL0UIG
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Ars Paulina805Please respect copyright.PENANAKeYGm4FOzP
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.805Please respect copyright.PENANAJULt2K740b
Ars Almadel805Please respect copyright.PENANAKJF1q9u22b
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.805Please respect copyright.PENANA8jkojHviwp
Ars Notoria805Please respect copyright.PENANA5DTLefn1QS
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.805Please respect copyright.PENANAO832Puf7eh
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)805Please respect copyright.PENANAwf7cZ0dYdC
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)805Please respect copyright.PENANALWpNvUEJdn
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)805Please respect copyright.PENANAYerWq9yhDw
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)805Please respect copyright.PENANAsFuVEJvJVS
5 Invidia (Envy)805Please respect copyright.PENANALTkgGZv1FW
6 Ira (wrath)805Please respect copyright.PENANAe7dkBnOzKo
7 Acedia (sloth)805Please respect copyright.PENANACiwF5NkeXF
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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