A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw2hQ4yYTKO
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwIXPhjmojC
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKOJPX3ybOA
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUJgxvIuaQJ
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJgqoenNJMD
try or install ubuntu154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJpstzn3SbH
choose your language: english154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDvTo2I6klB
accessibility in ubuntu: next154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSvOoYX4684
select your keyboard layout: english(US)154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjGU1RcNrjO
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAyv5SETNWF
install ubuntu154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQmLLaG7rlF
interactive installation154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmdKwqbzR9T
extended selection154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxjzo8x8sX0
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqnt42Bn2cj
check: download and install support for additional media formats154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUEemq9m89s
erase disk and install ubuntu154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAFoW4uIif5
choose sdb154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvKx6VooDA8
your name: buda 154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLtAyd6k7H4
your computer's name: vultr154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsAPWygDKK8
your username: buda 154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw0AkI8JrJo
timezone: shanghai154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡonUzOaKYvW
install154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3cwW6413Ms
restart now154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr8o2NGi1sv
拔出U盘, 按enter键
154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqGCeJOFpiV
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ206eFXSY1o
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyNlR6KiHfr
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtIk0RmtVVO
# cd /usr/src/glibc154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYGYItd7SxO
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGfxkOAyryp
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsKMAUSkdQq
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4tjaYexNBJ
# usermod -a -G root buda154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjUcJJ44o6i
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnfEv60XiSz
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5J13SD6FKm
apt show rethinkdb154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZvHFAPFw4a
apt remove rethinkdb154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ23S80PXhhL
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAGxXyYASRA
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7WBaoANCFU
sudo apt update
154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGuw52oHYvP
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrLK9ZntcY7
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4KzAqpaALz
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvktmyNEdab
编辑配置文件154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfAmeIpLtDW
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUMnh8an7rD
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaKeVe2Vcsu
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7DnwJVKML6
patch:154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSgH5Tp4PvN
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvquBwy0pbw
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVcl5J1PgKJ
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyABHB6I0BL
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡabitwqR0j5
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKzBlRUth4D
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMQkgizwAid
--------------------------------------------------------------154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3YETqphCeS
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGRcbhQdilD
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ62OtuJOa9g
部署rime输入法：154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKPW8jdHHpe
# ibus restart154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxDzgaBlNSv
# ibus engine rime154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3amiXbNNxx
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2xr7L9SdQa
按shift键进行中英输入转换154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡanCRfjxDuF
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG3lrixmf3D
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkbnEI8SnnJ
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ58IvTE5OaS
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKMlGzMCRqK
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSv2AG0lpz2
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4EwOX5u1Fn
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGYtEbrWNMi
# cd ~/Downloads154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc87u6EXOc6
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2zdKJneNOz
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuFqKGfQJZH
# node -v154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSpf9WqPP0q
# npm install npm@latest -g154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4lXGm2B4La
# npm config get registry154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW7apFLbGR1
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLU2CyhdTYr
如果想用回官方registry:154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZycol0qLC1
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCTn5u9d2Gs
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡULAjBUG3OF
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhDeRa5JMot
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVVZbWYLghn
# nvm install --lts154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjKxmM6NfFB
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoNm159Mgps
npm i package_name154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCkVgaW9BxW
项目更新154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ13tvtUabpk
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwXTgB4U4Ze
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6roUekb7wh
如果不存在，生成证书154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeg003SSq78
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBZp2wxf6oO
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGepGVBOfc4
将证书拷贝到服务器154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8kitpuexw3
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ2WdAwo6tK
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5stjv5ECnc
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn2uJU0Km3O
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbolIba4sfw
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEWvUhiPcxc
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOImswtVo7t
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhmcQD6dAvP
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfn8kR8d2Oj
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYhGlc17F8d
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP3qObAi5dT
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOtJDpHX1g9
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhDMzHHuY4Y
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXJhgcRoeK0
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZQekHAJX9m
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvL46gRkZ9O
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFkjUifYwTm
# ufw allow 22154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2XcaXjSaOU
# ufw allow 80154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9jAWBxGAcn
# ufw allow 443154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt8b4o9odeB
# ufw enable154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo31alQkDnk
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqsEWpC2GsD
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb3AdCPxD5E
# passwd root154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs7NTWQWZNW
# usermod -a -G groupA username154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsacIwqf2W8
# groups username
修改hostname154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ55pMToRet1
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRMts2IK9YW
# lscpu
查看内存154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXGmIns7RkM
# free -h154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcFx7cN4sEm
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9sfugpiyzx
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp9BjZxaajc
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8h8iICseCc
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlimI6CO9uv
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWiN09TPoNx
用sudo执行：154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPunxJkPeJ6
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQU3M3ckfoU
查看硬盘154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhS3HQttbdu
# sudo lshw -c disk154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS8KtpZVD3v
查看分区154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwlMmnYpAnd
# sudo fdisk -l154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuD4MK0H5VT
查看磁盘剩余空间154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6osjL4vf6M
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHWh1xqzH65
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡotFm4ztrwK
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0x3JtUXoT0
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcjg3w12H0h
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyz321fdRlr
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdPIUurpRnz
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM1JX1ILUHE
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRdVOXNA8I1
g：所属组（group）。154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrMUK1u0g4I
o：其他用户（others）。154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu5LGtn6JdK
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvmeT9iAC3p
操作符：154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr7b2W8mJNg
+：添加权限。154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVuLWzA4CYX
-：移除权限。154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ09vZ9glsXT
=：设置权限。154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡae79vZaFRr
權限：154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYmp15SNTvC
r（读） = 4154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAoM0tCG5j5
w（写） = 2154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5yW38U5TMG
x（执行） = 1154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8hbYdGMvYu
-（无权限） = 0154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLpSGLfgLk5
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2f1GzFYv9j
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkMnXSDNp42
5 = r-x（4 + 1）154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbRsfitEsHq
6 = rw-（4 + 2）154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGApQODCb3e
154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcgGgSNSck0
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYGsccaL1aX
添加alias, 比如：154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXmqhRyQEnX
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfpBslVhKDJ
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTXpbLNeK3L
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJBixvzCSoM
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]154Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXUHi3MX16I
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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