A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxep1jCuNRU
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe8N0vYfld8
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlHH66UtnAl
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN5ICxVbsTu
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS71FlAMLx4
try or install ubuntu200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ZReacPEZ6
choose your language: english200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkOItagwnsI
accessibility in ubuntu: next200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfXjKgHMSAO
select your keyboard layout: english(US)200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLzz1MYhMpY
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHOQJjxHved
install ubuntu200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWFNbtF2fle
interactive installation200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAHlfQOBtZf
extended selection200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwznFLffSsR
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7DKXZhyVkR
check: download and install support for additional media formats200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPoNBZzPN8j
erase disk and install ubuntu200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlYcgvkN97d
choose sdb200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡugXROJqeCL
your name: buda 200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkzXucHhoKt
your computer's name: vultr200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd6xN64qlKB
your username: buda 200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ748jhUrWnc
timezone: shanghai200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCJOWbBCn8x
install200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJZypGup3j5
restart now200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN3UbxmZ2Wk
拔出U盘, 按enter键
200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA6BGMMMMTy
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRhyMvH6YIW
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwoOVZPOi9Z
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjHVA5PKFit
# cd /usr/src/glibc200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCYIouEr2KT
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVpAFmBhOOO
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcfXQDVl9k6
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTPAcT1rlav
# usermod -a -G root buda200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ5ty745orS
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDuqyFyse5h
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjAMplwGGoH
apt show rethinkdb200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKTZKlSHbL1
apt remove rethinkdb200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaH4HrUdsYB
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrKe6nzqata
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7MYZHbtYW4
sudo apt update
200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYuqLQmIyvn
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUelOn7obQt
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9RGjLrtVw4
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy8lLaLl90L
编辑配置文件200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt0i2M8ooBc
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbW82w756sb
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEMgBkXkWka
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE8OPhsZ4Kw
patch:200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTmJ12Oifyc
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ04CJQd1zln
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgu5yOFSZOA
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG61vHJDFx5
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdgpQLYIzqw
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYTTKbBP8Qt
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡByRpUVZydv
--------------------------------------------------------------200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTNtcRZE3Qr
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl7k8krYqmJ
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1OzMWIPppi
部署rime输入法：200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDZkBtW64By
# ibus restart200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIMbHINKkbJ
# ibus engine rime200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSYL197eJTz
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR8MlsPXhNy
按shift键进行中英输入转换200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXRmJajDHni
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwdmaOUoR8J
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIl3GQxfFZD
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrT8FmoRA9M
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVyFoXytouA
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjFODOgXLL0
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyuwoBCXrls
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmsQWGYgCkI
# cd ~/Downloads200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOhyXqww8GZ
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDvcPNL4jVe
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuM9G6XvHBX
# node -v200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGzErqBFeTk
# npm install npm@latest -g200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsVM4JdIPjt
# npm config get registry200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1jEpjNS9xU
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr0SvNO0DTP
如果想用回官方registry:200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡITGTqK8oeG
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWmxmWQSVbD
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8bYtIhgKoX
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxA20hfYitJ
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡikUKfh9chS
# nvm install --lts200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAHuJK4Q6PA
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfZHkWhe2Mc
npm i package_name200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhPbz9qkg1E
项目更新200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT7MtBx4mec
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwW0hlB2wtb
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGZKzogVwkr
如果不存在，生成证书200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxbx535QIg1
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoPFTilaqI1
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCRLfB9syqs
将证书拷贝到服务器200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡklT1m4NRCv
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrAF72NG9RK
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxomGjKgx36
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEppLrWAtVn
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfWn7mJOUdx
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz3jk3SDuSG
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ATQWO1LF2
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmDRz9f6mD6
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5ihmT3CBjY
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡduMHWOhBVA
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpxPBPRZLjc
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo2LrPAe61O
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCcLyMbT8Kb
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzCz1FaaNgg
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo3TSkAF0AR
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0IRjQgF86o
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdZISPrmjlu
# ufw allow 22200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡizoACpRb1f
# ufw allow 80200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTnhHD19p9H
# ufw allow 443200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMMV9kU7oU8
# ufw enable200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0A8miCMvUh
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGsRWAdm5rA
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIvdpNWNMIA
# passwd root200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQbOvQydsnD
# usermod -a -G groupA username200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOCjKWQyCPK
# groups username
修改hostname200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjPrLb32LbC
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLwMhB91xUH
# lscpu
查看内存200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP4bk3Sy5wS
# free -h200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ETm6THQeJ
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvJLzA3SZC8
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy2q9qHeoKi
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLfZAVGZUe1
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWzsHv0KSih
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxsSQSZLJCA
用sudo执行：200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEzxIjzMujH
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ5OnmXWU3w
查看硬盘200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOiuc66HcIl
# sudo lshw -c disk200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2mWucQqxGQ
查看分区200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgxlBKb2Mia
# sudo fdisk -l200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9GDbLfUiEW
查看磁盘剩余空间200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqPbEXDjP8Q
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ80IK6nJI5W
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUjs9nfc3st
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPuIiS4XdY4
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCj6vngc4zj
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJZp14eM1pR
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlB4jcKz8A3
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZngKryRC5f
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUAwDCv97N9
g：所属组（group）。200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9gEWLwHaMR
o：其他用户（others）。200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPC9RtKajQS
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaKE3rVyHYV
操作符：200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhF8vVBfLmY
+：添加权限。200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL0k3vAMGHS
-：移除权限。200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQNFarEoU4A
=：设置权限。200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡayL32lm1v5
權限：200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqKeAbxfO9p
r（读） = 4200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIQBNnqLwts
w（写） = 2200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7x5rLOLBap
x（执行） = 1200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡozpjYJHGXY
-（无权限） = 0200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPlpxj8BZ8M
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnH29FlVxqX
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡugzOshG2VB
5 = r-x（4 + 1）200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk3bNqND2KL
6 = rw-（4 + 2）200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDXxKLBaWY7
200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq7MhQ6E2Od
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpDXty4s1hq
添加alias, 比如：200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBYwEFuAuLc
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqRxlmou3xB
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB6wJB2K7FY
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl4lqKTBOr6
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]200Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKxAHDhva6q
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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