A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl3y6fluQhu
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEq9t2XhvPH
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ387i2F6TyF
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVvBoyZNsxY
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIauQRzqMRU
try or install ubuntu172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiT3EEJx5LX
choose your language: english172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoNQYAIEMLY
accessibility in ubuntu: next172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGBOwueN3Q9
select your keyboard layout: english(US)172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8KBLg0H3GV
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcyzY0467w0
install ubuntu172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWA0YxPrRif
interactive installation172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3yjaGsNA5B
extended selection172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZkFWF9S114
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSOFihAoDwC
check: download and install support for additional media formats172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZpPOjpp09h
erase disk and install ubuntu172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhu22wLcpjp
choose sdb172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNegE0k9gpg
your name: buda 172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8NXTHBIWf2
your computer's name: vultr172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC51HUGm4W7
your username: buda 172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzyAHKkuFMA
timezone: shanghai172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwnP1KGeQzC
install172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmzoi1yrjnD
restart now172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4gUYpq6qQN
拔出U盘, 按enter键
172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnKSVLWTVH0
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUKtEsQiBlQ
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyPpYpgKUqq
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNTDdNzS6xg
# cd /usr/src/glibc172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2KrSLQC7uW
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUSDoh0sSE1
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXiHQQ1ITM8
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwekBK7uSsH
# usermod -a -G root buda172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGjrXSETYYJ
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL6P1pBdaJL
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmJjx5X2edn
apt show rethinkdb172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbZr5EeCgWD
apt remove rethinkdb172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoeU3WuRpYn
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPikWMNvLpm
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC1qydvOszx
sudo apt update
172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6EreeGjusy
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRtIDxd2tne
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC129iEXra9
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZAvK36oLEN
编辑配置文件172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRknuaLGF6Z
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWRHRxVAI2E
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJv8sp9OPpy
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn1PUElPkP4
patch:172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhqtASRMjoL
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp31Jp4k77F
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFnsx14lUYC
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJXm0uPX5Dv
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHbsqoFe4wW
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwxJ8weGCrj
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEfBm2aIzBe
--------------------------------------------------------------172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHpIpGfCSkH
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2WpQ9E5ljW
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnYxj76cHFi
部署rime输入法：172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8KI8incGdB
# ibus restart172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡThDveKJhGV
# ibus engine rime172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOet0xHrEpv
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡilSn51N6My
按shift键进行中英输入转换172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8BRQwio9gq
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVJzgR9RF0s
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuuDmw7HgbQ
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyKV96GLBgk
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEsk0rmriB0
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlXZRbg8ye5
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4n3UhmH2rW
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmZSM1cdVAQ
# cd ~/Downloads172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwpnyyUsHpO
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCYuPtMBjUK
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKSmoUA3boX
# node -v172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoXEn9aqsdQ
# npm install npm@latest -g172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡegpERKJ0LM
# npm config get registry172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbSXguDr8zQ
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ixAY9Np5q
如果想用回官方registry:172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwwtHOu3c1I
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡancETHAlX0
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ38UpJrdCwN
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2s4z2BYwPC
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLvOcpth5ko
# nvm install --lts172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuOHoIzQolf
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQy106Dhydi
npm i package_name172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvXUFDigS1x
项目更新172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxT2VgH28IW
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4zDgsCb7Wv
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOvmNfYJwWd
如果不存在，生成证书172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8EmCfVPGwH
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Gh00rAcMm
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbex2xfINRn
将证书拷贝到服务器172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgc4bAcVejR
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1xloDjTJ5m
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0N5eMKVrkc
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM56dRzri14
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4KmOgJEkqT
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgWH4rtejE9
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgJFfdDJDUh
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2eAD2PxuGX
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAbK6rQLxTW
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlM3YyZeQma
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8VnDQ3htlK
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUE7mjEwTji
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBLOZZAfTYq
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡahRE4nV1he
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd11lotorqJ
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNgL5l5HcSl
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvITW4vaZgb
# ufw allow 22172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1bWlmFJ5MX
# ufw allow 80172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUiYl4DAmYy
# ufw allow 443172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPJvjrscmcy
# ufw enable172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz7kYZng7di
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVZUwSNb0wr
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT5Hx6LBW4C
# passwd root172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGuzI10YIS2
# usermod -a -G groupA username172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡboSGubrRMV
# groups username
修改hostname172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwTR2yIFPlZ
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK71BkKZ2F2
# lscpu
查看内存172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcklhNmTvGB
# free -h172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvzAcSpjPRy
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSHggeYX2mV
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡObUyYaWXGD
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnrLzb1MYuM
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw8vGhc6S9Y
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Cv5rvSo3f
用sudo执行：172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfHViOMM3WO
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgH9S46KYbr
查看硬盘172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcNaBwqLror
# sudo lshw -c disk172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhKhHWEKjaq
查看分区172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡykCNuzsUY1
# sudo fdisk -l172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo6DOIB6XcJ
查看磁盘剩余空间172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHV2N6peAh6
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7rpZr61usU
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzm4Nal7BWe
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnwJJvoS32a
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQnB0Nmbc1M
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡliWTRaVkAf
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHQ0Bx00PRZ
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvhtIPyQVOf
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTYAgwSRJ0f
g：所属组（group）。172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQZ2iiiwqP1
o：其他用户（others）。172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzfzP7vbafG
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDf8i5auzuP
操作符：172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4cPFO5zJtr
+：添加权限。172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiHpNDn39g4
-：移除权限。172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGqgiwwrOw5
=：设置权限。172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKBILKVYMqq
權限：172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ6MKkvhivt
r（读） = 4172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnP2YBLtPf9
w（写） = 2172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKPKYpREGJM
x（执行） = 1172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCstA1lnwSi
-（无权限） = 0172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5OjjiEGV9n
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz9uKT0lYGo
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtZAA4yPaUu
5 = r-x（4 + 1）172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡppOY5n65zr
6 = rw-（4 + 2）172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeuHuLIckO6
172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlXENeu1zPp
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5eyrR3kbty
添加alias, 比如：172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7mLZraUpcL
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4o9cSlvQMW
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvvOrlD4D3B
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLeeg9P9c9Z
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]172Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡib6lNOBPCI
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
如果您對C/C++ programming, Linux, website development, Vue, Git, vscode感興趣，邀請您加入「Linux/C/C++ Website Development」微信群，請加我的微信（si_jinmin）以便拉您进群。
ns216.73.216.192da2
