A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKu95sQlkCb
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp20bkJXp5E
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvihNbYpUh4
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZyESqhV7YE
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH2cIXpzmrD
try or install ubuntu244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGdY92RnLBQ
choose your language: english244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXqo40fWvns
accessibility in ubuntu: next244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzMBDscv2IY
select your keyboard layout: english(US)244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsoFezlbywZ
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzOHJ1H8YIq
install ubuntu244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM5Jvrhisp4
interactive installation244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ26Q6BPh2B5
extended selection244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLVphizzTxR
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhBWJNkT8XZ
check: download and install support for additional media formats244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVT127CqyzJ
erase disk and install ubuntu244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRJQpsVMcum
choose sdb244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLeO1UI1gc1
your name: buda 244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXJJEiFRBld
your computer's name: vultr244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcuAoD8gBrN
your username: buda 244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh68q2zr1To
timezone: shanghai244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUpnWl3hvY4
install244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaUFE9Ar4CJ
restart now244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhFjRdFNafA
拔出U盘, 按enter键
244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBsSdVJLccv
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhXGNh73Cn1
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYOKj2GFHHc
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR9pjRL9hrM
# cd /usr/src/glibc244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa9Oujyu5SG
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtV15g1vK84
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1Sle308UCG
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdYa8tGGWV9
# usermod -a -G root buda244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmvmAggVPk6
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ255hXufwHs
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuAN8Ma5gB5
apt show rethinkdb244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeIED62WvaC
apt remove rethinkdb244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbwJsvxEJav
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5E3jsH4PEm
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeAM0Dv0cX6
sudo apt update
244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL4iWJzQngl
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKJZ0uU2dJr
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZVCemtwoDR
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeP4foMHl8E
编辑配置文件244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdudKHyHmLK
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBH462AknnV
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhWpevlnMPy
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrs8G7JhWK3
patch:244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc4Tar01xDH
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5tEDtSGI12
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJTr33wAfDy
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnBbLXyQeBU
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhTDRRMxlr0
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKDQTTH2KIF
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPecSlIuXey
--------------------------------------------------------------244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5POleb2fgl
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH0Qurg2LXl
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvVplgRsP64
部署rime输入法：244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ62U9IOR7vC
# ibus restart244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRSQ289h9s4
# ibus engine rime244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAYchATldUK
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW3P1zUln1y
按shift键进行中英输入转换244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIhSQfGzJ6X
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFou518L16y
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF7SviVmws1
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIXX1bGLFd0
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ42RPsZK95V
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWFlD9J5zSp
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuzHLDgfufi
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ3msi5EaEd
# cd ~/Downloads244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtOtQT9jA3d
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2OsNgDVW2h
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFQK7HzuGwR
# node -v244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCMzq92EDaG
# npm install npm@latest -g244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwcnQMubPHM
# npm config get registry244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡekiq9i9bsT
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe5WdnzkQrQ
如果想用回官方registry:244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡseY1mCSnxm
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsiHMKFPFmL
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOrJRZO1DIS
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNU3U8LYm7F
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡefWeQQiQVr
# nvm install --lts244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwaDp9MD9EE
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLW2Xbh3Tk0
npm i package_name244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiB1YF43R4r
项目更新244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLBY1rstFE7
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Ag6nNK4jz
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRHhkqjxATE
如果不存在，生成证书244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzasyTn7H6J
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb6zGyaKcLU
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfrL5Tl83yQ
将证书拷贝到服务器244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRMOgc0Ve7W
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy91VVCtZy2
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Uh1AzFRZw
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡitH2MPcMbg
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3udQ0nx63N
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrcizzjAydh
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0JkRif5eeD
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1PFFPZzcnB
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT0TBkIlXy8
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2B4wLFr0wq
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCL2ya6HAKo
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTTxWLJZnHS
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMMEruWtLWM
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgWczPTpCwL
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWsLjtOZ6er
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfDwFnE1ULE
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxWE1zjZkJM
# ufw allow 22244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj9tlvYw1KG
# ufw allow 80244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU45C1SWxM7
# ufw allow 443244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡij3TMtyt2o
# ufw enable244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBnJ7mFV8cd
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLL7mubefxp
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡphe2HlHHze
# passwd root244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8ZfLZEby30
# usermod -a -G groupA username244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXzvbCbfW2t
# groups username
修改hostname244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg66VYBrK6s
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxbUUJg9A6J
# lscpu
查看内存244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfSnEAUPHU3
# free -h244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh4OS79AZd5
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOeAGeXMVJJ
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAKWkHXyYv3
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡElKkl5dnWt
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡliN5Xn2pDA
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYRmBPIg00V
用sudo执行：244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi3n78cwanm
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQLjZn96SDz
查看硬盘244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlOmaIk7c5M
# sudo lshw -c disk244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGoBa4cgRFn
查看分区244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkHebidn0SE
# sudo fdisk -l244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNC0INY2DJO
查看磁盘剩余空间244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLtF2mIRS2L
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Wn0gQ1jAV
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡajMQczu8IX
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMua3n05IOZ
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡucyA2Epd5G
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQbfhdp6Df1
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6eMznCNtl1
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyiKG5ocLMZ
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPtMPcIrjbh
g：所属组（group）。244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4EIiKpN8Z0
o：其他用户（others）。244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjo7QNhjrnU
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSIhUjY68SN
操作符：244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgh2fYcq488
+：添加权限。244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoWK3JxhJ9F
-：移除权限。244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKWULoXVtSG
=：设置权限。244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmnPxC5mYBu
權限：244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkn8j21KDD0
r（读） = 4244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkdjiZu2ciq
w（写） = 2244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE6lBJhJ6GO
x（执行） = 1244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7cZIpl4oP0
-（无权限） = 0244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNWRtwcs2T5
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2rPNLH6gv6
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDO86eMDf8I
5 = r-x（4 + 1）244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmi3sI53a4g
6 = rw-（4 + 2）244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH0BXZGOFVY
244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNmPtHwkvpw
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCLdGcDCWCH
添加alias, 比如：244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2hZehb3n2P
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXIti34j4xS
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAjElGym83l
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyCeFSRHBzd
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]244Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWtvHeOjIuA
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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