A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrCwwqdC4LO
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmwZ66WqfPL
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWK8YLgGNjg
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrWFuNUtWT8
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJwMb34MHPX
try or install ubuntu167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡap6i2L9T16
choose your language: english167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLJ11eX43Xk
accessibility in ubuntu: next167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXWwMU1jhfV
select your keyboard layout: english(US)167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ly3S2dYjl
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBeKo9wofiV
install ubuntu167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZJbl6wTdqo
interactive installation167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzOa5MGNMRg
extended selection167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpyxLXL7wLG
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡckZ11a6OTS
check: download and install support for additional media formats167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl2Ly7jTQ3R
erase disk and install ubuntu167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvSG7mf3oTq
choose sdb167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeGFfDlzbVt
your name: buda 167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUA9k9jIUyd
your computer's name: vultr167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxRCTcoSlWQ
your username: buda 167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZn69q9d1Sl
timezone: shanghai167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNpwliOFn6i
install167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW1TLMeTSaZ
restart now167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDrKhQR1TMz
拔出U盘, 按enter键
167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLpYjq3PWf4
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ok3bjrgWD
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6U92zlsLjB
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc4Ob2cDU4I
# cd /usr/src/glibc167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrmgBhJvYBc
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSpamd10nym
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl8KhD7tBH2
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtUmDFNb7Qf
# usermod -a -G root buda167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqAnJjqNxlo
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8BuP4WHhsU
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyBPMXUKy9x
apt show rethinkdb167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJOKllGVQ5i
apt remove rethinkdb167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVVV18QiDbf
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf2Y8k2GGAI
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡodV0t6LDhM
sudo apt update
167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1idoCCPg97
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm7JRCELOSR
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmOxTPvvAym
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0hYgkONcdM
编辑配置文件167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWQ0LDmknry
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB2PEBvFsLX
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxLARS8Q7X4
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoDqPNTS0AM
patch:167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpjNmldBwrP
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMEP9ElliGl
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaFtXiTLYGl
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeDoawtue5b
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhrBd8cDUdr
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkCzMdBJ1lb
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3L1cFU5amf
--------------------------------------------------------------167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2o9gYiMLx2
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBk2cc1hHXS
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbEOS8b0Fue
部署rime输入法：167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYasbLFiXNw
# ibus restart167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTYvdPIMcMe
# ibus engine rime167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuMI4hDKMt2
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡknaL87YDD7
按shift键进行中英输入转换167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjHHVCIxvFG
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXP6FzwdCeo
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoxJHJC942r
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0doBwFWEJc
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHy1TarrVSF
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMu7HEnvO7v
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgjqNpzM5RW
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1d0fAt0wqK
# cd ~/Downloads167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWhEpmMHTrc
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Dn4vczFXf
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZmH99nS0Or
# node -v167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLmcvy6CV5i
# npm install npm@latest -g167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLsBARLb8ww
# npm config get registry167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaUuWDip8QD
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe0veAritNY
如果想用回官方registry:167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHZXhAnX9oY
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjkgDwUvvo3
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK6wDDhByjs
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYGZFCzesoM
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSwWtYhkHL2
# nvm install --lts167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbihJFP5oGk
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAY39vOcNGA
npm i package_name167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡguMBYgSSCp
项目更新167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVnzDPw9FXe
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡviStnRZzBt
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvNwWzPK9aJ
如果不存在，生成证书167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWZGIjpqwl6
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbNIRDr6XD5
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡycpPJ1vhVm
将证书拷贝到服务器167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCBcTYBy4jF
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcOjIgGNwKn
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDkogj3nr46
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNOnCXUupxH
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcRdKtHs2VV
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡazjlpXoo2F
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSNxCpT4Wki
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0UgvvYKAzu
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM40PKttpaj
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrZkI4lzaUS
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVDW6Xh1pVL
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPOfMjgwyo8
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc7TyMshD63
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjdxsJe7WvB
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjlnDRRQgRz
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvHgrhRspRk
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnu6XydZNos
# ufw allow 22167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdaLnk7UNi6
# ufw allow 80167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFW1pJ1BYNB
# ufw allow 443167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNynjB6r8Q7
# ufw enable167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnMVmPyWJcf
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHpotx3srW2
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ69gilXwvrY
# passwd root167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5EYt2mC4TH
# usermod -a -G groupA username167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvOoD8EM2hx
# groups username
修改hostname167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA99npgywg8
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKb6loVmFAV
# lscpu
查看内存167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0sbtPjVCza
# free -h167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLeAJ4jt3RD
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYMuGGypKlD
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQoeFunghTy
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyjW33XzlaN
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHRSGN6NKMr
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡya3prT8all
用sudo执行：167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZWVo5M23f5
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd9CTHj1GuD
查看硬盘167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKqfPcCLIRS
# sudo lshw -c disk167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe4PoWs3pRw
查看分区167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyXI0HUH7SI
# sudo fdisk -l167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPao1qNn6Uz
查看磁盘剩余空间167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfladnXFgW7
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnzU6OwXw3G
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy1D2yFwTF6
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3U8x9GO883
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWZiaeaxtm1
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtBvB8J2k9Y
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWONHpCtYbF
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFp1J2rcMtw
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6h5QOdfm4R
g：所属组（group）。167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiyKCSiRfXM
o：其他用户（others）。167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡajm8h72VRm
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlzhMS9mXza
操作符：167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoKG3XsCuRD
+：添加权限。167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBHqWB8eEwS
-：移除权限。167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFW5L0KymnC
=：设置权限。167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj6Oz7iKzFz
權限：167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVHZOaBbd4F
r（读） = 4167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS0vrvJ1pWi
w（写） = 2167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡszi3TfC0hV
x（执行） = 1167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAvvH3DKJWR
-（无权限） = 0167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeVJSBcgobv
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt7ILC2AwxN
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfLgNpqxtiL
5 = r-x（4 + 1）167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIoKq7UqT67
6 = rw-（4 + 2）167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLc7tV2SskX
167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0FmO3Bwypp
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡePIMVFlp0f
添加alias, 比如：167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhkYzhjV1Ux
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj4WGnQlA6E
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAZROZsdWiP
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAGqeOBWG61
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]167Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ33YO3MjqSS
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
如果您對C/C++ programming, Linux, website development, Vue, Git, vscode感興趣，邀請您加入「Linux/C/C++ Website Development」微信群，請加我的微信（si_jinmin）以便拉您进群。
ns216.73.216.33da2
