A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvTwe6HRLbO
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡixRYLwcZfL
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf9QGhO3fAr
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgkAA1T8ZVP
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7wcZ0Mkzkx
try or install ubuntu247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeQVCylA1nk
choose your language: english247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnOeOdKF9Tb
accessibility in ubuntu: next247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9cEZhgWPXl
select your keyboard layout: english(US)247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg8sTYvdEvp
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxLIfiEQz1N
install ubuntu247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdhxd8QENTj
interactive installation247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtnox9EnPmF
extended selection247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKG6z6qje7L
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF9a9NJcPvg
check: download and install support for additional media formats247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCPrjgJRZfI
erase disk and install ubuntu247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSYcqS0YSlt
choose sdb247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcmXObTmhZs
your name: buda 247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡErbZ5iN2DK
your computer's name: vultr247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQFmsZfZCbI
your username: buda 247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9L6f94xYEQ
timezone: shanghai247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhFIIklCluI
install247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXPbgHEjKD0
restart now247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiOO94vgm4d
拔出U盘, 按enter键
247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAhi21szx0v
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiiytNp77jc
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTsknvHVvfW
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE2Ns2VKNcl
# cd /usr/src/glibc247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFPqNiavHud
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6VHuZ8QkFD
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJGangMewj7
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQJjdOUTXDE
# usermod -a -G root buda247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPxqt7NWSqu
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXZqtm1tZ8i
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH7shl9NFfZ
apt show rethinkdb247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYtvknvq4iW
apt remove rethinkdb247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt9e7gTYXMY
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqdpaMjQYyc
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBCq5pJHToY
sudo apt update
247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbnB8fvuDb0
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0k2X2PJXXp
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCfFqm58UxW
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTAEzLlpkZA
编辑配置文件247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSlUJSK1jj2
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZqlL81IxNO
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhpgUM8bbxR
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhzgVLUAcXM
patch:247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQwroGbXhru
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvAedodZRzv
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQecmYoamEC
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzARhMXU7OS
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf0VJJXKCiB
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZfXCasWf98
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcrNP7meu19
--------------------------------------------------------------247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFOeOHD6oqJ
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWfycvgTDmX
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaeyAkrYeik
部署rime输入法：247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrlBKcVhIx9
# ibus restart247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6P5jlUpNG2
# ibus engine rime247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqpwxTqa6RY
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGL3slgXUio
按shift键进行中英输入转换247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfRU6MTKb0K
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIcWxVh4FIc
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCk7BRD1SYh
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2zg99eMGJK
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYNXZwGAIP5
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoeE9FT3YLF
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMaWa0iz8U0
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAN7YqVl3n6
# cd ~/Downloads247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRPtCrCpVq5
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbMopXStuUI
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaRiBV9pKwf
# node -v247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Rn8oF3re0
# npm install npm@latest -g247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBSnpvtZpTA
# npm config get registry247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5HgiW207OR
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDLmMifxlEI
如果想用回官方registry:247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPeNuy4wyV8
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVII3hLsrMJ
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1mZzF5ixfN
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡouR1F4xTCP
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhWGgSSwB7W
# nvm install --lts247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbX6kChsO4m
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFYjVfCx6AC
npm i package_name247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4brhuXg0cs
项目更新247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnIxWJ3seRw
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlC6MkpaWu1
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1BUFCEuAFK
如果不存在，生成证书247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWFpO98LfaR
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7CIptvG49z
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNENIstozpN
将证书拷贝到服务器247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfVPMj1ABUM
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYfUdraD8V8
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡajRb3coC4p
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHj1t2VRaDC
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKZj8BmA3ji
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLzFP1c5BZH
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUyR8Ogso2U
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAUFoYo4zul
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV3hudqS0Rh
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX7HOCkYaxq
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWu36YQLgxh
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtkuytxjiGU
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡitAVySCJf9
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgIWuDDDbx0
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrl88C4XY8S
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr9dyV4dKg2
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyUjokfYRdo
# ufw allow 22247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOJwyVlFe6y
# ufw allow 80247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZoryNSerGe
# ufw allow 443247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaKEJQsWsnE
# ufw enable247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡysCJAh61LZ
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡduMectB3Ec
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDdTfOfBtSV
# passwd root247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpxwO2bUEOV
# usermod -a -G groupA username247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTWpmcp0XPh
# groups username
修改hostname247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnaBSfFMdAz
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkxO2rnXy7Y
# lscpu
查看内存247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡefKkP4TKjS
# free -h247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZiqFgGiTmR
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf1CxGUSp0l
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQdXEM6Iyrp
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLlL2am9gAJ
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYEHnhBhCki
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7XjJy4th70
用sudo执行：247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVYISyOCtpz
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡopRw1SMoIs
查看硬盘247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8jx0AexVY7
# sudo lshw -c disk247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjf3P2Wc7Jb
查看分区247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfk9e8PAyBi
# sudo fdisk -l247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOP4c9pqOpa
查看磁盘剩余空间247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqXk0OVynZk
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2DtMypfomo
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmRDPiRQlAc
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHiUJT2I8kj
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu7b5Q6IEf2
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡecH8y6bnGR
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJoZ9zVslzq
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtT2at0OFDc
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpyKX77cnlL
g：所属组（group）。247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbMTKy6gUkX
o：其他用户（others）。247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFkRzMvCVJ1
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcS22IAhzyO
操作符：247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6CI6gWuRdd
+：添加权限。247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡefRuxWvoqK
-：移除权限。247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZgDTDEZ8NW
=：设置权限。247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUUYh38YpFr
權限：247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9VkYSn0qjp
r（读） = 4247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnaicnWUS7v
w（写） = 2247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy9nr0dIj96
x（执行） = 1247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0n03AiLKbT
-（无权限） = 0247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2JhmtZM0yu
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrLJdHzEMVW
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzQRmwCmiae
5 = r-x（4 + 1）247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZFX4Yovjx1
6 = rw-（4 + 2）247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXhqQ89RER7
247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoeqHJwBu4H
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfIfWfWSKT3
添加alias, 比如：247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIm63IcJhdm
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4or1YooBuE
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU3QTrea9xl
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKLpEB6ekiF
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtRnTgVbAbD
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
如果您對C/C++ programming, Linux, website development, Vue, Git, vscode感興趣，邀請您加入「Linux/C/C++ Website Development」微信群，請加我的微信（si_jinmin）以便拉您进群。
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