A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTUutjkqRJP
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoSm6ITnWtl
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvDQCQqRMwq
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5mhlkZyLr9
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXHAWhglLjk
try or install ubuntu135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBimPiNhjYn
choose your language: english135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrET8OoIJPH
accessibility in ubuntu: next135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEtXW3sGPO1
select your keyboard layout: english(US)135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdTWJUi72wq
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnNFnqf7ThK
install ubuntu135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXeXIOd44md
interactive installation135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFCxvh1C5aG
extended selection135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb6Qg3bErea
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ykdAIRgxO
check: download and install support for additional media formats135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJHn7bxxA51
erase disk and install ubuntu135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJwTL6wd3ZE
choose sdb135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjQ03bO6KTk
your name: buda 135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk43lchvENo
your computer's name: vultr135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzBsgcgrz4u
your username: buda 135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡckbTuzki4W
timezone: shanghai135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsnCyVfgpcg
install135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbOLRZ63fq1
restart now135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHiGOQ5GjIM
拔出U盘, 按enter键
135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX3s2gZ7Slg
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbNZPtjUUH5
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLsT9V1ihRO
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLcpqvvOPNx
# cd /usr/src/glibc135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVcuCHcIu8a
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6USK6GgEFZ
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwnoPp8OUJD
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIepcIBPAFn
# usermod -a -G root buda135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf3xeP2iFM7
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFpvJKsTxVq
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLfkyHmuABx
apt show rethinkdb135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCbwCRHsrg6
apt remove rethinkdb135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡchIk4AYc9j
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8QthfNi2SI
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeMdoAXZ9RW
sudo apt update
135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY9O920I2uY
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMRbmBA5uy1
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡru6GPGUuN5
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWishqD2cqb
编辑配置文件135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUMNdMYaKHT
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡksv9uehN03
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKnkWHMcM7l
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDNjxlwmLsi
patch:135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡshJvftghpv
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8le6SCj8JQ
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdi4QV8hyT6
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLglAnwNUYq
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR8ouUC2pG9
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPKiopqhWJr
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz9vNCf0OKo
--------------------------------------------------------------135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq6AbJqVNPV
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBgKSAvNPMm
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNAsP6fXVz5
部署rime输入法：135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE1PwYiThBL
# ibus restart135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrGQENfH12n
# ibus engine rime135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeXHCGY9VVR
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDp9GRPXssx
按shift键进行中英输入转换135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpOfCmMVHeP
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKdzzq3OlJF
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMttq4Ahtu5
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5G17HldZOB
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrbkyVCs8Tg
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9CYaliNSEf
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgfecrzJ1WO
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUcJ6ON3iDb
# cd ~/Downloads135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0rBxwMWcpG
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8tNJQqD3wF
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDv7ixvHLrn
# node -v135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUgGfu8nfn0
# npm install npm@latest -g135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc5cQeKtAeC
# npm config get registry135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK7TYUjanlX
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHDrhfKkEwT
如果想用回官方registry:135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7CdXf67LGM
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqcYQBaW4ot
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoaJdorBiNc
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIgn8kb3CSz
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKUqgcrWNAd
# nvm install --lts135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡganfp1Bx2m
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2P5H1AFW6C
npm i package_name135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwibqshu83a
项目更新135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT2hzBONhwu
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTAplQeCqbC
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF9XFkKlQ0q
如果不存在，生成证书135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDlN8zzYuB9
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgdxBrAVRK6
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg06zFbVxWD
将证书拷贝到服务器135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ0Sy4ABfRd
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSQ7P1mGOnS
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw37poUd8yP
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5TdsQilLjw
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvAsIWm7hXI
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡajrbCS6f67
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqPAtG9gEkd
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcYsYmtstDo
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwy9rxRnix7
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4desT7isEG
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxBj1J2ik1d
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz48w9AhAv9
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdw6ZtgJXwF
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsPauVkqVpF
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuCxaJNdoVU
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiDUZdy2x9Z
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMAsa4IllX7
# ufw allow 22135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ12RTMijoga
# ufw allow 80135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKqeI9dUgbL
# ufw allow 443135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlcjv9dswOH
# ufw enable135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmCmSGeGgqh
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzyT1IOxebo
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXGyaBaffji
# passwd root135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCBnkwqYyz8
# usermod -a -G groupA username135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG06DMMuQxx
# groups username
修改hostname135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaJjVvww05z
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiMpnIKPNkj
# lscpu
查看内存135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH1XBN788sk
# free -h135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkjiD7x0qjV
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGmwnoaNC4a
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPA8odb5Lfk
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtqWFeP97LN
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOJDsCRpfmH
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBBAqqgUHVk
用sudo执行：135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7n6BQV4Ncx
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGoKgeL5SGC
查看硬盘135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqZpTkgorT4
# sudo lshw -c disk135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlGEvAvscSb
查看分区135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwmh3l0QR1f
# sudo fdisk -l135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTsQGj34Vh5
查看磁盘剩余空间135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTm7HKbGGOf
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnxyoibL24X
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF2DMTGFHNQ
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwJm5a5dRpT
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡesMefzxUjM
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmWhqSxVmko
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡocUaCT4ePd
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAeachukTOG
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ72rsG6XgvP
g：所属组（group）。135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡELl7UDUUsS
o：其他用户（others）。135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZXm4M6c8K5
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5FgeEoRB8y
操作符：135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRxhw2DLILG
+：添加权限。135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnDUcV1rB29
-：移除权限。135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjkbzz153A7
=：设置权限。135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxP3B6yliqw
權限：135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHPgroqQOsR
r（读） = 4135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZT6czvoy2E
w（写） = 2135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTsbYd1yg5F
x（执行） = 1135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtdVffuJhtp
-（无权限） = 0135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXVb1IkGAcU
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfxUUTJiBm2
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZv8XPJw5Gs
5 = r-x（4 + 1）135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnJX5ZW1iZv
6 = rw-（4 + 2）135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhwaVjdTsFF
135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4VLGm8uUbW
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNMtTfBaEXJ
添加alias, 比如：135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2VLQGIaDXb
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS8O2Fn2VeJ
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmQiLGIR8Bz
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqZbYThDVRD
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]135Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtV7vqRJeWZ
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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