A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqsqF7EkDb9
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxIBPNBsf1j
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwPMYkuyZ18
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0NYyjaWBvt
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrkbHTFrqLZ
try or install ubuntu175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZbEHkRdmZk
choose your language: english175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpkRTBu1gIz
accessibility in ubuntu: next175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLoRDyKuamv
select your keyboard layout: english(US)175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAlp5dJ4HwN
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0IXTHuZ5by
install ubuntu175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYy9I46RS0R
interactive installation175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk1SsWShnUf
extended selection175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCqDiu0Uig4
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2u9E6j9Bjn
check: download and install support for additional media formats175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdQYygEDllC
erase disk and install ubuntu175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTUI5EtLQBA
choose sdb175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPnQPYfpQc4
your name: buda 175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyI6rW6pm5D
your computer's name: vultr175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzxdq4fbOEy
your username: buda 175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡibVIlt90rV
timezone: shanghai175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyGUDwIyYpy
install175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQhFJSD5ryC
restart now175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnuVGgRpLyX
拔出U盘, 按enter键
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMFQk2FdMD1
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHNhJ2r0F0m
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWS0yiLp2k3
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyk609NqvOR
# cd /usr/src/glibc175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWLwwKLQ41Q
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG5gHMGVVxI
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUFpZOAKDsN
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWvbBWFx5pp
# usermod -a -G root buda175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡodoYNUzDnX
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUGxbI7vMoW
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjGBZvESZzU
apt show rethinkdb175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqsFZNL3vS1
apt remove rethinkdb175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqPpziFg6vI
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7DnWa0Fbr8
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4tudfKiNq8
sudo apt update
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdYIad0Cuts
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVccWkbgpUv
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg5XOEnJqzh
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ702adLgxFq
编辑配置文件175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ2tCwWcRhJ
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKm8ITNsaO3
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT4VyFEqq8C
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp7OTgSnMrD
patch:175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjL5aYdcYeZ
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRH45NezPRA
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT9CKT40lZu
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWyKQN7pnzL
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCdqlW33QjO
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK0j3GAOIWb
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqqBZAUeVbn
--------------------------------------------------------------175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtt7LFSHBFo
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRvQZ6LufYI
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnGxp4l1ksN
部署rime输入法：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7lBeyPDHf1
# ibus restart175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVbs4YhOam3
# ibus engine rime175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEWIsWOwywV
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV4owE5N129
按shift键进行中英输入转换175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWlEMUcu1Et
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOu23Vq7ea2
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJZ0FIWW52d
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2VfrJte7O3
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjmwV0ANNtN
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo4rVUmgJKY
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdZNJ2HBtc4
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAPiq4uAFOc
# cd ~/Downloads175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7sQ1tGEstB
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTUgE0qqHcU
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK8dPjStWSE
# node -v175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpRBZyX8K9F
# npm install npm@latest -g175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkrjeIOAIMO
# npm config get registry175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRDpDhzP62q
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHrFbCfR3p4
如果想用回官方registry:175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiUMxqvlySE
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrf8fk5K8LI
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2rSBjSOaWQ
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyC2ZXu8kXe
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKiNp0cEZzt
# nvm install --lts175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpNOjN4DTxE
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyZFalQmUhf
npm i package_name175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu6Z2D1u2xU
项目更新175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡheO8dSmCN0
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj6zQi7j965
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR2liCRQDPy
如果不存在，生成证书175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrIXWOEBmQw
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgzX8xXWq4W
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdON06hRVzw
将证书拷贝到服务器175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8CSlHqAvbL
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXEADdUkTTu
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdqYJwu0Uit
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY4sa4cQeTq
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRWpuVrz3E7
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrNLWttDnfg
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXF5nUA74XA
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQOO3dO8RGA
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbT0PGLsMOP
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡveZ8Qi8vNK
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7nrLRcMIX6
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0BhAEbJvs5
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUNhPVDcS30
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Uh9WSMA8m
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZlxbo8SeKz
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1gmUvPBYNH
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7WRW5GfHVb
# ufw allow 22175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmqbg09Tx8s
# ufw allow 80175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi014twH3hw
# ufw allow 443175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbB8LNNQNZY
# ufw enable175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGPd1JkfVMn
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6k3zEg8WQ6
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGqvWjqfoEI
# passwd root175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJdFE2utDMn
# usermod -a -G groupA username175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfSNFesOD06
# groups username
修改hostname175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFxuk2wiull
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpd5QPtVSjY
# lscpu
查看内存175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEDaNim8P2d
# free -h175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSkK7nR45BM
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfl4sfJ63xr
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPDVdak1E3q
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwqwAN49OXC
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfFVRefHQ38
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡszBsWXRTqW
用sudo执行：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5emt19BLPE
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMEMmTjfoWQ
查看硬盘175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡogoEXkil4Y
# sudo lshw -c disk175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNnyYpGafBx
查看分区175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKMPuceSTGa
# sudo fdisk -l175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpVuja2OpCX
查看磁盘剩余空间175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1Gp7UVMnWe
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4ndt1RsuPt
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoO5BXDYTjR
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCSC1AqkwjD
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Zr2bJlte8
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgYIJEPTP6Q
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHSuGG5Tgii
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnTgk2C11aj
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhPznOeCWw4
g：所属组（group）。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe9FsRSJ8Ie
o：其他用户（others）。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaRyYAE4AUC
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0ysGj5Odw5
操作符：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMi47nC6BtX
+：添加权限。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhmxEQNnr8r
-：移除权限。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDOqBC5hYB9
=：设置权限。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeXuOkacHIQ
權限：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM9qbEBhAND
r（读） = 4175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡShd6VbolqC
w（写） = 2175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWMp1Qulzkf
x（执行） = 1175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ34BCOUMnID
-（无权限） = 0175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBEYW11CLqV
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmM44XUVgIn
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2xMvxs4TOh
5 = r-x（4 + 1）175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJSWaj6i0ls
6 = rw-（4 + 2）175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2UOcv8HQQ9
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjdE8T6dfwk
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8OwKrtei5I
添加alias, 比如：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpqqnJV7G9N
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡugAzJOqawk
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Wea1FU7eN
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQJVrdtwcv2
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡywQ1dSmDKs
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
如果您對C/C++ programming, Linux, website development, Vue, Git, vscode感興趣，邀請您加入「Linux/C/C++ Website Development」微信群，請加我的微信（si_jinmin）以便拉您进群。
ns216.73.216.192da2
