A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT1nCZ7tjvT
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgFF1ocAp7o
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuPSUnG5ne8
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvByhrbXxJa
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbE99P3VONb
try or install ubuntu229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnom1g0RXPc
choose your language: english229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHB2altqFQr
accessibility in ubuntu: next229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFeLNWn3u00
select your keyboard layout: english(US)229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwmsvS6OuFz
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡujbD53ojbU
install ubuntu229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡofJ0YXbF8H
interactive installation229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRE3fvIi0V5
extended selection229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡClTyNg0YVj
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX0o3KIIyXO
check: download and install support for additional media formats229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuOBUtfmXd2
erase disk and install ubuntu229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkZiLRc6en3
choose sdb229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxGnNQPhojw
your name: buda 229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcxVlbYAZFI
your computer's name: vultr229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlkt9UObeWg
your username: buda 229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9CofEgk05Z
timezone: shanghai229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcBmwaKXpci
install229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3LwLocMsG0
restart now229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwpTDjnCp7a
拔出U盘, 按enter键
229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYFIaXaz3jX
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyCVtDXlAoe
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlcvKG1chJH
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc7ImNbwCNj
# cd /usr/src/glibc229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIsFw6qiuhj
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYznt3cZOAf
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvVVzM8k2zX
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZDLk8buOqc
# usermod -a -G root buda229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZDJdZasRzL
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡquzRGQVbUp
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbIA44fE4SA
apt show rethinkdb229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgS6baHlxYZ
apt remove rethinkdb229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA6rOvV8psi
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd9tqogna4d
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzceEL6NKgi
sudo apt update
229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNtBYmttJMj
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1ioG21CUiq
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjJamygJNr8
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNUef6qirYe
编辑配置文件229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLsQYpDQbL6
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBQVsvYe5vf
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7UlNwRqrjp
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiUNdDtHxR6
patch:229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4ImCSLq6sw
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSsUinKOQw1
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7m68ZnEizu
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOGIALmT25u
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgU3ln2O4xF
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDHTbvKkaYk
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEt74whb9s0
--------------------------------------------------------------229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwakASu05QV
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUxuNz11Eul
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfXpgP7zowF
部署rime输入法：229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIIUAHh9i2J
# ibus restart229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK4WgJVKosI
# ibus engine rime229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡedfYGPreqm
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ6Lht7vGEp
按shift键进行中英输入转换229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfj13Nh0mO9
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs5Id0oFqCg
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqzaCsESVBw
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYXMynW1Mw6
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4C2fKQhZO0
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlBQmqO8S0N
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSWwnNYmuOj
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Xra64Oaac
# cd ~/Downloads229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsuXKiVcXUC
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0hxTL4TA5i
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ00ac35nad5
# node -v229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbMKanEiNSK
# npm install npm@latest -g229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhPyca19f1w
# npm config get registry229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk4huE00rRO
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRpGXcOXtOt
如果想用回官方registry:229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLXakcptXgY
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFl7gz9QNSX
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjR14FSjJzV
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFJtuRFh0t9
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbfsJ1Ma5ra
# nvm install --lts229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFLY6thLKjQ
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8jlMv7peZJ
npm i package_name229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg1443kKQUN
项目更新229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk0u6RUUsKh
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIJgqlrMvFh
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX4K4HJaKVJ
如果不存在，生成证书229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyvKl5tCdvW
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnJrOZq7hqv
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsnnyRs30pB
将证书拷贝到服务器229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYnA899Mg76
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHZvYRJvmzS
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr5GPD3mwhx
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTAGq7LQ0dZ
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcpNeqZPDUZ
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡje4PG64ZHj
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhsBw60zzzo
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYMBeXlSCPR
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlNidj83JNp
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYbO268YIma
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0J673o41C3
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9wc63eDlbF
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7KELCpxt2R
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIso0NU6k3y
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdMrtDe5rar
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgegzzyefZW
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9NtxcFLLie
# ufw allow 22229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0zQlwDJ7U6
# ufw allow 80229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdWwHjBSFLj
# ufw allow 443229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxNwbc9gYbI
# ufw enable229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8LVO8PQTe5
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzlb33mNASh
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEWvIjAhXY0
# passwd root229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLkfuXjzHF6
# usermod -a -G groupA username229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUdtBfA6kfV
# groups username
修改hostname229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡif59Q2GLYH
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYIGrtdzNHo
# lscpu
查看内存229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFnk8OcBhXr
# free -h229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9c0L4j27xm
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvA8vJqSP0Q
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡteM5WPfA1P
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSZIENcwhS7
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡETmH6hSxEf
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeMxYdFhp2R
用sudo执行：229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjrlGfRjYw5
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZqdN7QbbrA
查看硬盘229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa6z3Ljanm3
# sudo lshw -c disk229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK6U3CKbQpz
查看分区229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE7R7rlOmhz
# sudo fdisk -l229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPszu5AjWJv
查看磁盘剩余空间229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5V2kFYQt9e
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWO8jSVY0sS
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0U9M4aE5mk
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjwQEoEwwjs
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrTxVz31xuO
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOFOqpG5YQO
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTC9zvrUt3m
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQDVle8ANQZ
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlzr3IjO2Ed
g：所属组（group）。229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKZzrlrMN9K
o：其他用户（others）。229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡijdtjPrPna
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ65xBydBlOX
操作符：229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPKgd32tLP1
+：添加权限。229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡROM20X3c3E
-：移除权限。229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDgPYwz0SUt
=：设置权限。229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd5prW2wHl1
權限：229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk5Mn5G3Xt9
r（读） = 4229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLIY6xtckPe
w（写） = 2229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Nvmts9pSp
x（执行） = 1229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVAsp206MG9
-（无权限） = 0229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhBf3aNvpFA
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBrfq0CmJg8
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAs2poPoHxd
5 = r-x（4 + 1）229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFtD70LzwcT
6 = rw-（4 + 2）229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeR9sRCLBCZ
229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0pnDKN8et9
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqfhQuA4yx8
添加alias, 比如：229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI9X7U50v8g
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOOaqiCLp6h
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlqao71TOUL
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc9yMn5NR1A
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]229Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWmMopFASp5
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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