A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoqg8jGk3N5
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkodrtSt2qo
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMrojTfZxbM
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjXCBZ4os3m
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHU3yncNhSb
try or install ubuntu170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMZa5rBMw9c
choose your language: english170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡriuYuifx3a
accessibility in ubuntu: next170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyCWSvKH6i8
select your keyboard layout: english(US)170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjub4nD1wau
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1uFIc1wSv0
install ubuntu170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0WetokG3i3
interactive installation170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZHaPCvzGD3
extended selection170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO6tEzUMQQ5
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtHfvUY3CCJ
check: download and install support for additional media formats170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡomYIwUoALw
erase disk and install ubuntu170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXPTgUA7LSN
choose sdb170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8G43Aypavw
your name: buda 170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcZD25vjOSM
your computer's name: vultr170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ58X1mQkz53
your username: buda 170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzpKVExiaqh
timezone: shanghai170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡijFMfDs0Yg
install170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwl1M5T0sG4
restart now170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyomBQlxREd
拔出U盘, 按enter键
170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡszaQYZU56G
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA6AsCziPkf
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqU0tUb44m9
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRsfWw3tCai
# cd /usr/src/glibc170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7SaGMLs05x
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXGaAfRYLLK
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuL0aHkmOqF
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8OyzSJgvnA
# usermod -a -G root buda170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkzr6nS5Vv1
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxFnLhFQoG9
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCsaSMefCmP
apt show rethinkdb170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRdJ5tMD17Z
apt remove rethinkdb170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡurwu3lX7v4
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡewJJ6QZWVF
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpP1e4ZlWIj
sudo apt update
170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4zG8nXoZvg
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ59RK2D5JqJ
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjznW7aU4S6
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSLf4QDbbGW
编辑配置文件170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtiY7sAv6BS
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1YutDnaoo7
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOiXo2JNqdr
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnUtFh5EiEl
patch:170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5UbgKHqPIT
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHsJ1IUjjpm
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU0FzMjnzoD
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡphfguSjEmC
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlrAzh7nRD4
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Ljkk5E5c2
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9NwJUgrVAi
--------------------------------------------------------------170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbfvRlH6laT
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcMtepaMNqA
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPKPrXrSYZU
部署rime输入法：170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBtv5XayVD9
# ibus restart170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1myg6SoWt3
# ibus engine rime170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7z65aXQkud
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI6GJsYPQ4v
按shift键进行中英输入转换170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGGLNjslRBA
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkpg0xIhyfu
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCP9mMfYsaJ
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWsF9c8mAAK
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQuQYyUYBC6
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsMleIm6dBD
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9MLCVjh2Rv
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjPoBMbZ0ls
# cd ~/Downloads170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYAbpHC4kJi
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4UluZXw96o
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXTmvOQboLU
# node -v170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh0l1Fkms1m
# npm install npm@latest -g170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ905Tbs1k56
# npm config get registry170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUm5AdCwfAL
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3BJqsUQqar
如果想用回官方registry:170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKtoTYK246R
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRmkKvNsglQ
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1OCJeQEnHz
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMCFSf8GnGw
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwtc2ZyIsbl
# nvm install --lts170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkNyf8SvI18
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqTZHD5ehsi
npm i package_name170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwxR10ZhDZN
项目更新170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡayOh82wU6a
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkhC5ELnOU7
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiNwrgSq7nl
如果不存在，生成证书170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL3qC09tZjX
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlP8IwMu7OC
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSNBxcTlXTt
将证书拷贝到服务器170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5wVkrQ9At5
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡml1WCnKEnv
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡujBkxytdLM
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC5fV0On01b
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUZtuDfZYUY
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCzeAn9ZmVH
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8rgKmBZsZG
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdoorEkGBl0
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoXx7uZXStI
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6CJemWkCtA
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuOasSai0IA
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡETaDlvajOx
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEuyfnY8itn
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOkPpheM5ZK
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcJTaC9w9gN
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw3qcOdTefQ
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxLqWzVwJlp
# ufw allow 22170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOWG7YSDaGe
# ufw allow 80170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKtJETd9aJv
# ufw allow 443170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5qtpJHWS9B
# ufw enable170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFaAXiBXefU
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGUMVYSl0lh
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEWGSW0q9OI
# passwd root170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyrL2uXGgfn
# usermod -a -G groupA username170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1jlVTFHhFZ
# groups username
修改hostname170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFFOFRxeCTt
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnbsH80VUeN
# lscpu
查看内存170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHP0kBaAWU1
# free -h170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqKautQoQzJ
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTtlSreOEuy
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡivTslwkAGs
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfd9QA26jw9
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡieaivA0u5p
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7d8qIl3XLl
用sudo执行：170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg8lyGhz8hw
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxW2o1xrcJi
查看硬盘170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ74D11fmmHc
# sudo lshw -c disk170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ANHBbqjgH
查看分区170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ69vrglxPmP
# sudo fdisk -l170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡywNOkJ86TL
查看磁盘剩余空间170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqMN3AIzU0E
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiZYLCBfEwl
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXe9QI1MOWj
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7fuSn96ky8
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3FAa2iKPfU
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9GbF10Odgy
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡosSBctOWwL
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYnqJndrJRV
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEKkNhXhBzJ
g：所属组（group）。170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ217AzCAh7n
o：其他用户（others）。170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCrmAV3Sqk0
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfB38ddptPD
操作符：170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzAjHVrQnKr
+：添加权限。170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjk1oPKyBhS
-：移除权限。170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnSet3inMPZ
=：设置权限。170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWz4PgrcCnk
權限：170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDjwemwrX3U
r（读） = 4170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn7LnZQy9vO
w（写） = 2170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIgQjXZHkGz
x（执行） = 1170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfroqHXyovX
-（无权限） = 0170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKJcI6wRLRI
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr6aFDWSXKm
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPM1XbO88fO
5 = r-x（4 + 1）170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHoqNjp3axl
6 = rw-（4 + 2）170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzapZiwDYYb
170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeeCWSMdbYB
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV41jX9dYYB
添加alias, 比如：170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGHSj0tk34b
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYXWTkr2n3O
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbzWUhMoWuC
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCtMMx07E5Q
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]170Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnqu4DAuWrf
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
如果您對C/C++ programming, Linux, website development, Vue, Git, vscode感興趣，邀請您加入「Linux/C/C++ Website Development」微信群，請加我的微信（si_jinmin）以便拉您进群。
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