A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNxTt1wWPZV
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn52chSVWbh
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqXwSLyEQb8
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOSFdFV5eqL
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWT1nN0mO3E
try or install ubuntu235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM6mAMFn4MV
choose your language: english235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZA2leUV6C4
accessibility in ubuntu: next235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGEvAZ2nH5n
select your keyboard layout: english(US)235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI0AwkWRWhI
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Gnyqre4KB
install ubuntu235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDLNUWxE5i9
interactive installation235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9J9ge1kceG
extended selection235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJiTYrfnQaB
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTpNZiIo1dR
check: download and install support for additional media formats235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr1JeGqnhox
erase disk and install ubuntu235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdwLvw88vBU
choose sdb235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Gd5kYPUDd
your name: buda 235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu24vcyvYjT
your computer's name: vultr235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ge7xf32Q8
your username: buda 235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo7yxYgz7BF
timezone: shanghai235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwVetyvbFaa
install235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzWd5rXHJzC
restart now235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZYuSkl3jr6
拔出U盘, 按enter键
235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvPWXxpwchH
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEoKmyTACPf
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhhdLsO2SSl
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWJtErgRJYd
# cd /usr/src/glibc235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPNfGO9d1RX
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8g5Xmo9A3n
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCpr3QOAux2
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdbTpEdKgxX
# usermod -a -G root buda235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbimZT5MIBu
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGzA3OeqBwM
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdplN5qsrPL
apt show rethinkdb235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtVWPz1jTpF
apt remove rethinkdb235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfomXNlp6LE
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd93Ks6m9Ik
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhE7EmskC0m
sudo apt update
235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm4Zzp2DCpy
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFG0pTZAlNw
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4BeVVADtcS
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcgm7MEWbdf
编辑配置文件235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgIF0KO5H8x
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO10DMTCqWD
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPN1ONnQClj
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiiY5Td2www
patch:235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNo4bqblPKM
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNlCPfa1tDm
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqgC2qqwKV0
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaUv9NwoAh3
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUvgL5mqAra
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbTGJA8A20I
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡArfPOFBXGi
--------------------------------------------------------------235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXa2jSU9Ixg
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGmN2KyjHEe
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzMHvijcq7G
部署rime输入法：235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9PF3ZCsLoO
# ibus restart235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe4rOPxN1rN
# ibus engine rime235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIBYqa3Lyj4
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2szuEnlNMT
按shift键进行中英输入转换235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP4hL2aDQ74
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTqUZhLObTK
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ1gvNomPIe
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTiL6cXyVvx
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡefdf8UzVi2
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQisCao9Hf2
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtXHPxCIp10
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU8IKdOaATN
# cd ~/Downloads235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwswjmAHRD2
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlTeAfjbNLb
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6qlA4KvsFy
# node -v235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4QEU9pe70C
# npm install npm@latest -g235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOxTuz1iuCU
# npm config get registry235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ba1OMSg99
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn3XFeZCZka
如果想用回官方registry:235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUsj4nJ89Jd
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Ce9lgEaUJ
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0W00w04yry
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr5SvUJd94T
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPpELvavi2I
# nvm install --lts235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2yhtY2RfLA
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9cOHfkyJg6
npm i package_name235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN73Qm9EuXj
项目更新235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrCGR7Pyouk
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv4tfsbAYfk
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwgKw1QrQam
如果不存在，生成证书235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPdMAuNSG8v
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOk2F2eD0sq
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1ra4ARJZ7A
将证书拷贝到服务器235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtzNMk6iPnC
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAvWpXfuwOK
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQn3ycRhvIB
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOJZH5RB31a
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNS9poUt88G
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoN4ijKmCom
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuyBtv174wt
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMVFcmn21o8
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBhngOlzKLK
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡid9fOAhsgC
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGh61P1799A
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLH587X6NOC
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbZhHybGZwb
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyKam7DrEUR
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ07K3dzgL4E
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc95zSUrDqu
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDsXvZ7b3Yy
# ufw allow 22235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdmOgNgQWNw
# ufw allow 80235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxbPfFBmwem
# ufw allow 443235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiaauCl1gPZ
# ufw enable235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡan6NnIrM9L
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Dcr3sh2dB
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWe4HSIDqIr
# passwd root235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtda39o0IY6
# usermod -a -G groupA username235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjTiMx5TOlz
# groups username
修改hostname235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzF114mOp7e
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx8wMOK6bvd
# lscpu
查看内存235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWqKJDsLW9G
# free -h235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4yUG1YQ3Uk
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCNqMPiCpXB
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡltjNxCFhc8
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX8HlFIA7ED
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDYQZTF4L6e
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡev7BNfwlYt
用sudo执行：235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC42nBvxpPY
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ3YJtst6Yr
查看硬盘235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9QoolQE1NP
# sudo lshw -c disk235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtWXvGV8nZg
查看分区235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtQIyzBCm8A
# sudo fdisk -l235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5rcbW6wm9F
查看磁盘剩余空间235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgss8Qja9OE
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNMQ42W7syU
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ93Vfd50iMO
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo30pa979k0
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5vcXz3fugV
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1stCRGc6xY
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Nl7kk9fiI
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV4tCEw9Csq
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEXDMKjWBH8
g：所属组（group）。235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzyCTGnbRPY
o：其他用户（others）。235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNJ8hWlFkkJ
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcnhDjdqfZy
操作符：235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsZUVDMS8Y6
+：添加权限。235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmPm75dd5Au
-：移除权限。235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrTMQi8obnm
=：设置权限。235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIStaJO56TK
權限：235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡytuZneDx5w
r（读） = 4235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb7XS09xj8N
w（写） = 2235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEt2nhTCHQg
x（执行） = 1235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡofAXd4Mwqj
-（无权限） = 0235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb8A6YWiBsf
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVP9NWooavX
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1r6g4Oaxas
5 = r-x（4 + 1）235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTqNg3lSXEX
6 = rw-（4 + 2）235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLYZQQNKaFd
235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwgzUDLEsbh
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVFZSsCfJhC
添加alias, 比如：235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9wlYxfsUrN
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHUkfApOgdc
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxrR0Jkk2Vd
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjG1d3T2hNQ
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]235Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡysP8vVbgsn
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
如果您對C/C++ programming, Linux, website development, Vue, Git, vscode感興趣，邀請您加入「Linux/C/C++ Website Development」微信群，請加我的微信（si_jinmin）以便拉您进群。
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