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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網139Please respect copyright.PENANAi66kmgQHT7
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀139Please respect copyright.PENANAuoooiWC8Rg
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日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力139Please respect copyright.PENANAhK7j53YKzQ
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西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗139Please respect copyright.PENANAVxn66yYbmV
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多139Please respect copyright.PENANAGFktZAlUq7
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易139Please respect copyright.PENANACJqEQ6CuPJ
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水139Please respect copyright.PENANAGZBFmgclV9
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呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢139Please respect copyright.PENANA3ElsQS3Ni0
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印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉139Please respect copyright.PENANA6tRT7sXE0u
就算食到都消化不良啦139Please respect copyright.PENANAVTDX2ptVFy
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成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向139Please respect copyright.PENANAeIXgik610J
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞139Please respect copyright.PENANAWFOaMAtTTy
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呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:139Please respect copyright.PENANAESLl0B09NU
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢139Please respect copyright.PENANAplaGrkKwmP
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非洲有人力139Please respect copyright.PENANA30aM27gjKV
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就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦139Please respect copyright.PENANAuJKB2wuFC5
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢139Please respect copyright.PENANAIi7lWSnf9a
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼139Please respect copyright.PENANAgkjU62oKqX
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢139Please respect copyright.PENANAPScFZO3M6i
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國139Please respect copyright.PENANAUm42DeeUQm
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隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行139Please respect copyright.PENANAoAYE57MH8Y
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣139Please respect copyright.PENANADdPqFhvYOv
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴139Please respect copyright.PENANAhAElwNeqJ0
由此激發各國投入人力物力139Please respect copyright.PENANAuzRngCIs1k
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器139Please respect copyright.PENANAJ5Qklrs5vb
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船139Please respect copyright.PENANAv1FJAA0Ik8
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易139Please respect copyright.PENANARifijIEYxU
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲139Please respect copyright.PENANAh3MvOuRTTI為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度139Please respect copyright.PENANAcCXInqcOF3
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:139Please respect copyright.PENANAe4QNH90GIm
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呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢139Please respect copyright.PENANAV4OS0F6jpx
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成139Please respect copyright.PENANA0UAax7B7HZ
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉139Please respect copyright.PENANArV2f9oBN1w
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲139Please respect copyright.PENANA9tsl267RXm
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉139Please respect copyright.PENANAjknyEpoYcu
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團139Please respect copyright.PENANAGLHN3Uuinr
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議139Please respect copyright.PENANA3UtA2IomoV
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大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖139Please respect copyright.PENANAxfdmIcZMVq
自16世紀起139Please respect copyright.PENANAM2BoAzwLYQ
呢個小圈子選舉139Please respect copyright.PENANA3SfVkzvV9w
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控139Please respect copyright.PENANAlvygh3S6bM
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益139Please respect copyright.PENANAUycSW8KtXw
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營139Please respect copyright.PENANAJ4elL2k85X
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤139Please respect copyright.PENANAmQIy4kB37W
有時仲會大打出手139Please respect copyright.PENANA2bpuwnC7cf
好似1605年3月嗰次139Please respect copyright.PENANAeE1UAdjAgj
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨139Please respect copyright.PENANAH81Zf3hx26
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所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇139Please respect copyright.PENANAq9QZjQIbUL
我直接講個結果:139Please respect copyright.PENANAugysxWUd8Y
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗139Please respect copyright.PENANAGrB3z2i5oq
法號伍朋八世139Please respect copyright.PENANAW02lefzk2W
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員139Please respect copyright.PENANAJi1xeBVhIs
…139Please respect copyright.PENANANRfbtqGDfS
..139Please respect copyright.PENANAGU0d5HF0is
.139Please respect copyright.PENANAzQe1kowPl3
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???139Please respect copyright.PENANAwaSf3CAQYp
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦139Please respect copyright.PENANAMQKhRK67dB
佢地其實係病死嘅139Please respect copyright.PENANAESNeuZ46db
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"139Please respect copyright.PENANAqK6nVA3uMV
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇139Please respect copyright.PENANAPNyPNMNada
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播139Please respect copyright.PENANAGYjYePL70d
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時139Please respect copyright.PENANAf4LwiQiOly
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味139Please respect copyright.PENANAJsrunpF9FG
係會令人發燒同病死139Please respect copyright.PENANAF5pqOBWw6i
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾139Please respect copyright.PENANABrbAHW6r7n
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後139Please respect copyright.PENANAfq6NKysur7
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘139Please respect copyright.PENANAhWWBjHMe56
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體139Please respect copyright.PENANAVdCejDuI3o
帶返去羅馬本土喇139Please respect copyright.PENANAYKpvuP9rxA
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶139Please respect copyright.PENANAKPhEq17wnm
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖139Please respect copyright.PENANADk1VPsSwH2
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地139Please respect copyright.PENANAvUZClVEnN2
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣139Please respect copyright.PENANAOacXGv383P
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時139Please respect copyright.PENANAvWwt2Ydyx2
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命139Please respect copyright.PENANAwSvG0nzz5S
額我略十五世唔遲唔早139Please respect copyright.PENANASMIw6GPlqc
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋139Please respect copyright.PENANAANjDzKCPZe
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇139Please respect copyright.PENANAhlPVQm1hRB
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世139Please respect copyright.PENANATFPeZ1uGbN
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召139Please respect copyright.PENANAPdZU4ygxAO
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦139Please respect copyright.PENANATlBYQvTvb7
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病139Please respect copyright.PENANA2Tux9RAGgM
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史139Please respect copyright.PENANAiKJDzh4JqA
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦139Please respect copyright.PENANAKQSawPdFgR
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾139Please respect copyright.PENANAoQCe9HJXR4
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法139Please respect copyright.PENANAtUlmypx6o7
真係唔醫好過醫139Please respect copyright.PENANAodF4TqX6m0
不過喺呢個大航海時代139Please respect copyright.PENANAyXYqsngo3N
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢139Please respect copyright.PENANAQOTjCnB27a
16世紀起139Please respect copyright.PENANAhZ1JmYS6jF
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊139Please respect copyright.PENANABFYRRl5wbi
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲139Please respect copyright.PENANAVvh3RhQFeO
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛139Please respect copyright.PENANA7UNs5wWs61
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人139Please respect copyright.PENANATU7vJ7nHpz
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣139Please respect copyright.PENANAMrWuomwPc7
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目139Please respect copyright.PENANADdNZwRrtWO
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材139Please respect copyright.PENANA0ZZJBLuGYC
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英139Please respect copyright.PENANAZxp4DofE7v
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落139Please respect copyright.PENANAHIFKRmGNVM
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦139Please respect copyright.PENANALT9LwTqTvk
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情139Please respect copyright.PENANA1TrPsXkRbD
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....139Please respect copyright.PENANAbmXZhYrSiP
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸139Please respect copyright.PENANA1bAZToliEN
喺呢個地理大發現時代139Please respect copyright.PENANADVvEcjI2AR
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置139Please respect copyright.PENANAzLsmu7j1Te
呢個故事嘅主要成份139Please respect copyright.PENANAJCpCsgVc42
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初139Please respect copyright.PENANAPxwJc38xIE
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬139Please respect copyright.PENANAyHjos6Ansm
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呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土139Please respect copyright.PENANAVydday140Y
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每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉139Please respect copyright.PENANAowRHlayHI4
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病139Please respect copyright.PENANAh7vocqneH6
服從性有幾高可想而知139Please respect copyright.PENANAc6LIot4lD8
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫139Please respect copyright.PENANAJGYx91dyyS
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話139Please respect copyright.PENANAjSKS4e6NCm
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講139Please respect copyright.PENANAnKiIIEb3a5
無疑係甘上加甘139Please respect copyright.PENANAi2ouT1Pm6e
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢139Please respect copyright.PENANAuBcnsPSCfK
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000139Please respect copyright.PENANAIQnb3ya305
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度139Please respect copyright.PENANAkxeDN4Ci3f
錢就使咗效果又冇139Please respect copyright.PENANAMHuPNXmZs2
咁點搞?139Please respect copyright.PENANAo1ZlakQnEj
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”139Please respect copyright.PENANAvDhRHvliem
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案139Please respect copyright.PENANADvkf3UI9C9
作為糖嘅發源地139Please respect copyright.PENANAK6bMTqqjnZ
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像139Please respect copyright.PENANA20MotYoxPB
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右139Please respect copyright.PENANAeaNvOfRjo4
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官139Please respect copyright.PENANAbRdmVkbDbx
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:139Please respect copyright.PENANAxgOaUKJoy9
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧139Please respect copyright.PENANAqAgZGwNL3r
溶入高濃度糖水139Please respect copyright.PENANAo3k0etJjbi
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮139Please respect copyright.PENANA9QRauTtsgx
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿139Please respect copyright.PENANAl2wzPSVsJC
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度139Please respect copyright.PENANAxv3JaHqkeH
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇139Please respect copyright.PENANA36Pbiv0p6t
啲軍官再進一步139Please respect copyright.PENANA17WZJjyoHq
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒139Please respect copyright.PENANAbLiqRPbng5
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
139Please respect copyright.PENANAyrkfmWiwgw
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆139Please respect copyright.PENANAO5at8RHS5E
法國人曾經試過用紅酒139Please respect copyright.PENANA7PBhS48I7J
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪139Please respect copyright.PENANAJNxjkzsp9k
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水139Please respect copyright.PENANAXoKoOKNl9u
味道完全唔融和139Please respect copyright.PENANARIu2m1wrbj
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味139Please respect copyright.PENANA5WIrTn0Odn
後來研究發現139Please respect copyright.PENANAi0ztI1g88t
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份139Please respect copyright.PENANAvEvY8Oxw3D
同奎寧結合成聚合體139Please respect copyright.PENANAOkpysJzNd7
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道139Please respect copyright.PENANAI4SRGWoMum
呢個偶然嘅發現139Please respect copyright.PENANA121PLPcEr2
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎139Please respect copyright.PENANA2vLKdpghY0
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵139Please respect copyright.PENANA73slcK6yHL
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧139Please respect copyright.PENANAKmnrgwc4dN
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥139Please respect copyright.PENANAKvo9PcXQVg
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品139Please respect copyright.PENANApjEcz9bLR6
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度139Please respect copyright.PENANAvBn8HGzcjb
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品139Please respect copyright.PENANAEzjjs00LEb
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)139Please respect copyright.PENANAd3gonxmtWM
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水139Please respect copyright.PENANAZuE8wB2vSw
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水139Please respect copyright.PENANA87nDTjjS48
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命139Please respect copyright.PENANALcoHF6EROx
例如喺1875年139Please respect copyright.PENANA7SUGUNgyOG
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率139Please respect copyright.PENANAYhmSE3lmQB
已經跌到去1.5%139Please respect copyright.PENANATpGifROciX
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面139Please respect copyright.PENANAdW2qyjcPWV
下集會講吓139Please respect copyright.PENANAQRrrMKJjy7
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥139Please respect copyright.PENANAnoUnUPzjdd
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運139Please respect copyright.PENANAlnn1ywGt1I139Please respect copyright.PENANAXqhYnKaB2U