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同大家講吓呢個喺各大討論區久唔久都會問嘅問題112Please respect copyright.PENANAum0zZp0UJ3
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通向東方嘅貿易路線就咁畀班異教徒壟斷咗112Please respect copyright.PENANAEKokHqwgWl
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買少見少之餘亦都水漲船高112Please respect copyright.PENANAoYBPSgMbNw
其中畀人食水食得最甘嘅112Please respect copyright.PENANAFm3LEaJdbw
就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙112Please respect copyright.PENANAmFsNDGAWDr
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下112Please respect copyright.PENANA3G0SPKiUUj
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙112Please respect copyright.PENANA0eIGZDj9dI
1493年3月15日星期五中午 112Please respect copyright.PENANAG4vQ1YpaWb
哥倫布同佢捉返嚟嗰幾個“印度人”喺西班牙嘅帕洛斯港登岸112Please respect copyright.PENANAvAy1xz7MyE
斐迪南同伊莎貝拉嗰兩公婆梗係開心到癲啦112Please respect copyright.PENANAOMu0QxTu5q
西班牙國王斐迪南同王后伊莎貝拉接見哥倫布112Please respect copyright.PENANAZvqmt42AlI
跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報112Please respect copyright.PENANA5QGB4e3pQU
華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸112Please respect copyright.PENANAutZdqhTAH1
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網112Please respect copyright.PENANAKQpAO0jmzD
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦112Please respect copyright.PENANA40HTHKE9Cz
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞112Please respect copyright.PENANAsBbnpf1F2m
證實咗哥倫布搵到嘅唔係亞洲而係全新嘅大陸112Please respect copyright.PENANAKuWSUm8A8Z
(佢個名“Amerigo”亦都成為呢塊新大陸嘅名“America”)112Please respect copyright.PENANAKSDehEDBzo
咁既然唔係亞洲112Please respect copyright.PENANACInfDLpL4a
自然就唔會有好似胡椒肉桂呢啲比黃金仲值錢嘅香料112Please respect copyright.PENANADDh53dVhJF
好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀112Please respect copyright.PENANAYGzblpCdz6
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦112Please respect copyright.PENANAkwIJt8J1Fc
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下112Please respect copyright.PENANAjsHoGMFAC4
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇112Please respect copyright.PENANAM0rawGTlOc
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時112Please respect copyright.PENANA20dVo1nLUc
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地112Please respect copyright.PENANAc6N77TBspA
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力112Please respect copyright.PENANARhaobBjQ7S
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累112Please respect copyright.PENANARFkHtZMTrE
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖112Please respect copyright.PENANAW2zKcRLIRn
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗112Please respect copyright.PENANAlg5wnA7MZT
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多112Please respect copyright.PENANAg6JhDqORBa
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易112Please respect copyright.PENANAYTn5WVlUoR
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水112Please respect copyright.PENANA63EsHQmhPC
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度112Please respect copyright.PENANApz17SVqnxk
同環繞赤道一周差唔多112Please respect copyright.PENANA9TkGXfgK3p
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲112Please respect copyright.PENANApgzgrAsNqZ
萬一有咩阻滯112Please respect copyright.PENANAkx0i0IwBxo
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道112Please respect copyright.PENANAsCdH6Zqp3T
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢112Please respect copyright.PENANAOedsujVVaI
就仆得街喇112Please respect copyright.PENANAMPwJYK7fgk
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年112Please respect copyright.PENANAkgIBOkqbXJ
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得112Please respect copyright.PENANA5v8Qmzwydg
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天112Please respect copyright.PENANAcec2hmk4vz
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非112Please respect copyright.PENANAMsTOELavKD
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年112Please respect copyright.PENANALUovn2mYhr
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生112Please respect copyright.PENANAnco4J83bBJ
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺112Please respect copyright.PENANA1bOKDxWyFN
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等112Please respect copyright.PENANAGmXWNGm2Aa
(達伽馬第一次到達印度嘅航程,177個水手就有122個死於壞血病,包括佢個親兄弟)112Please respect copyright.PENANAk9SpYpAnXN
另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支112Please respect copyright.PENANAkNqsDRRv4Y
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊112Please respect copyright.PENANAqK5ZyMcye3
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢112Please respect copyright.PENANA17aV0RQyjw
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講112Please respect copyright.PENANA0l6MLEqlBb
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉112Please respect copyright.PENANAeB2A5mNNHU
就算食到都消化不良啦112Please respect copyright.PENANASphVuV5mQP
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站112Please respect copyright.PENANAJfZR2l9Fst
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向112Please respect copyright.PENANArAmOIYkM65
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞112Please respect copyright.PENANAuhPLugggUV
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多112Please respect copyright.PENANADXjZdU3ycy
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:112Please respect copyright.PENANAhJtvZbVWd4
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢112Please respect copyright.PENANAesI79wIpT0
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫112Please respect copyright.PENANAHcdRLl2UKX
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近112Please respect copyright.PENANAeDMzt4bWSW
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎112Please respect copyright.PENANAw3DESlohIt
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力112Please respect copyright.PENANAU1vSyibt3G
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁112Please respect copyright.PENANAf3J6E5zB4r
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩112Please respect copyright.PENANAriyT8FLdvv
美洲有耕地112Please respect copyright.PENANAzNpWdRYn68
非洲有人力112Please respect copyright.PENANAJLEYiS3YDb
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心112Please respect copyright.PENANAqYRXJ8ZOEg
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦112Please respect copyright.PENANAZgxSn733fj
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢112Please respect copyright.PENANAFZTtyQGWTc
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼112Please respect copyright.PENANADqtsqox47t
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢112Please respect copyright.PENANA8d4wHyrGUD
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國112Please respect copyright.PENANAVUyKsh72X3
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦112Please respect copyright.PENANAqPJvvke6PH
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行112Please respect copyright.PENANAJs4KxVlR6y
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣112Please respect copyright.PENANAeeb4KC91w8
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴112Please respect copyright.PENANAqpC1mYLuSp
由此激發各國投入人力物力112Please respect copyright.PENANAmjmCBGqHVN
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器112Please respect copyright.PENANAWWYNTd4tpX
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船112Please respect copyright.PENANABRDmsExCpf
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展112Please respect copyright.PENANAWPIWD9VsaR
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等112Please respect copyright.PENANAw7G63RDIVb
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話112Please respect copyright.PENANAYvwbSZnVI2
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易112Please respect copyright.PENANAzgo2p34rmM
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲112Please respect copyright.PENANADmOLD0A34D為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度112Please respect copyright.PENANADIpIji7ySY
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:112Please respect copyright.PENANAn1hr1vWbYO
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?112Please respect copyright.PENANAqhL5BlNVk7
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒112Please respect copyright.PENANAa3eeIwExDH
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀112Please respect copyright.PENANAtZIn6czZUM
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢112Please respect copyright.PENANAnpqQv8UWnT
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成112Please respect copyright.PENANAQioKabPwWS
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉112Please respect copyright.PENANAKYfxRidF5e
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現112Please respect copyright.PENANAeiS1Cwqgdp
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲112Please respect copyright.PENANAjCnnhtmz72
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉112Please respect copyright.PENANAPVeAssUuZH
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團112Please respect copyright.PENANAwlrGEtD9bP
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議112Please respect copyright.PENANA6kPtpRMOk0
準備選出新教宗喇112Please respect copyright.PENANAma6YSzZcuH
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖112Please respect copyright.PENANATAFu0XxG0z
自16世紀起112Please respect copyright.PENANAjno8kscKbd
呢個小圈子選舉112Please respect copyright.PENANAhOsuChDATe
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控112Please respect copyright.PENANATtn70EFS9J
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益112Please respect copyright.PENANAoKszZoHxS5
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營112Please respect copyright.PENANAnMt3dPjwcH
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤112Please respect copyright.PENANAjA9gMTiOxD
有時仲會大打出手112Please respect copyright.PENANA68ekZBPlFe
好似1605年3月嗰次112Please respect copyright.PENANA9R9y5GCZM8
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨112Please respect copyright.PENANAsBTOfefZ9s
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈112Please respect copyright.PENANAKkgvPlUw5E
不過呢個唔係今集重點112Please respect copyright.PENANARZUq9uUJMC
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇112Please respect copyright.PENANAfj72TkuLgA
我直接講個結果:112Please respect copyright.PENANAZv0ZnnTkP7
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗112Please respect copyright.PENANA9nQWCrwZmp
法號伍朋八世112Please respect copyright.PENANAI0YAB88WuE
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員112Please respect copyright.PENANAAWWoGQtuhK
…112Please respect copyright.PENANAFOCy82hPRc
..112Please respect copyright.PENANAla39pWqjfT
.112Please respect copyright.PENANAWbZzLxKu2N
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???112Please respect copyright.PENANAJ3YVn2nPGR
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦112Please respect copyright.PENANAu5fT7kha11
佢地其實係病死嘅112Please respect copyright.PENANAGDVxvJ5Ell
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"112Please respect copyright.PENANAZ6AUMzxwWS
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇112Please respect copyright.PENANAxwcCz6hUb4
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播112Please respect copyright.PENANAzoOdOVbHPR
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時112Please respect copyright.PENANACzCw4I9qCP
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味112Please respect copyright.PENANAllc2Q1Y087
係會令人發燒同病死112Please respect copyright.PENANAV1GVBGq1zR
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾112Please respect copyright.PENANA1G3nVdbQXO
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後112Please respect copyright.PENANAHm8UQZeopw
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘112Please respect copyright.PENANApPaqIsai9t
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體112Please respect copyright.PENANA1UOLDKXvf1
帶返去羅馬本土喇112Please respect copyright.PENANAT2fLcyhUpD
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶112Please respect copyright.PENANAZoNPWSCr8j
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖112Please respect copyright.PENANAjBzEbPvEa0
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地112Please respect copyright.PENANASAhEg4QuxF
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣112Please respect copyright.PENANAyvQSvhHhJq
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時112Please respect copyright.PENANAjmT9G1jwYo
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命112Please respect copyright.PENANAUlslSSRYff
額我略十五世唔遲唔早112Please respect copyright.PENANA4jLDOOJ3lQ
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋112Please respect copyright.PENANARCKxv3q5nM
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇112Please respect copyright.PENANAMVgsUAWuI4
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世112Please respect copyright.PENANA1eMYXfbMpy
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召112Please respect copyright.PENANAqKnD7C8XuZ
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦112Please respect copyright.PENANAKXXXl1GJEj
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病112Please respect copyright.PENANA71ehEV3UHr
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史112Please respect copyright.PENANAzhz5jDFIMT
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦112Please respect copyright.PENANAR7fmZd85WL
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾112Please respect copyright.PENANAYHlzKdbdD4
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法112Please respect copyright.PENANAjWoKXTEIgt
真係唔醫好過醫112Please respect copyright.PENANACkIsY1agkR
不過喺呢個大航海時代112Please respect copyright.PENANAQJTqwzLhVR
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢112Please respect copyright.PENANAC6BGYEZhuc
16世紀起112Please respect copyright.PENANALfiP9wBjru
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊112Please respect copyright.PENANAB0I3P8rYRt
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲112Please respect copyright.PENANAsCr3gwS4XN
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛112Please respect copyright.PENANAYgmYZGsyDS
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人112Please respect copyright.PENANAL3ATB8gj0T
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣112Please respect copyright.PENANAXOsNtZxcbI
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目112Please respect copyright.PENANAa95kJH7JvZ
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材112Please respect copyright.PENANAZECqhNRtju
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英112Please respect copyright.PENANAj9wKWo4Cpq
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落112Please respect copyright.PENANAQ58h8k0QMz
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦112Please respect copyright.PENANArFzkLqmSMT
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情112Please respect copyright.PENANASpv53mNo2b
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....112Please respect copyright.PENANAAV1w2s9HRL
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸112Please respect copyright.PENANAIqIIg7LpFj
喺呢個地理大發現時代112Please respect copyright.PENANAj1IrybImUp
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置112Please respect copyright.PENANAtMyOk7Ckcm
呢個故事嘅主要成份112Please respect copyright.PENANAsqETX04nV7
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初112Please respect copyright.PENANAEv1920psIH
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬112Please respect copyright.PENANAQsyjopCgdN
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後112Please respect copyright.PENANAQJS92H7S4U
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不過如果冇事冇幹純粹食嚟預防中招嘅話呢?112Please respect copyright.PENANAdigx31ZfCS
就唔同咁講喇112Please respect copyright.PENANAAvRai2uiPV
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵112Please respect copyright.PENANAKqhy5iAtbK
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉112Please respect copyright.PENANAi4UVgSeeDF
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病112Please respect copyright.PENANAdfzbeMP5Aw
服從性有幾高可想而知112Please respect copyright.PENANAz5UeNFYmVi
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫112Please respect copyright.PENANAd7SjZSXJdu
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話112Please respect copyright.PENANAnWuwprly9H
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講112Please respect copyright.PENANAMTRSLIzKaj
無疑係甘上加甘112Please respect copyright.PENANA6qqCWzKTKd
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢112Please respect copyright.PENANAJwgVB6W7SI
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000112Please respect copyright.PENANA3JlPfxkpO2
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度112Please respect copyright.PENANA5CrCqLEHA4
錢就使咗效果又冇112Please respect copyright.PENANAimsFhT3s4N
咁點搞?112Please respect copyright.PENANAqRucZMUuGm
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”112Please respect copyright.PENANAnyDtD1b2go
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案112Please respect copyright.PENANAjHbZS75ypQ
作為糖嘅發源地112Please respect copyright.PENANAsCsLz1tbGk
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像112Please respect copyright.PENANAJlq17XefyJ
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右112Please respect copyright.PENANAA2Tw1SL4jo
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官112Please respect copyright.PENANAlSGbimioVt
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:112Please respect copyright.PENANAEpIns6nhYs
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧112Please respect copyright.PENANAVWQzCEMn9i
溶入高濃度糖水112Please respect copyright.PENANAfg8SAI2qUA
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮112Please respect copyright.PENANAkeLeyXUOq9
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿112Please respect copyright.PENANAOjni48rqJF
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度112Please respect copyright.PENANAsvk0WcU17I
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇112Please respect copyright.PENANAB6UDqsPGTc
啲軍官再進一步112Please respect copyright.PENANAFr1jYKcCBn
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒112Please respect copyright.PENANACHPM6vYN8S
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
112Please respect copyright.PENANAdsZKZyfyVY
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆112Please respect copyright.PENANA4l4rIfYDcb
法國人曾經試過用紅酒112Please respect copyright.PENANAD0mR4Q5mgj
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪112Please respect copyright.PENANAkVoUI6C7qG
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水112Please respect copyright.PENANAsyWchQ4BAz
味道完全唔融和112Please respect copyright.PENANAbj2D8mlNB4
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味112Please respect copyright.PENANAqtCIc41NOc
後來研究發現112Please respect copyright.PENANAUboI54tBup
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份112Please respect copyright.PENANAIJdxTFs4Sq
同奎寧結合成聚合體112Please respect copyright.PENANAp8Gre4vmkQ
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道112Please respect copyright.PENANAnGIDNiLYXb
呢個偶然嘅發現112Please respect copyright.PENANAwkz758mzf8
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎112Please respect copyright.PENANAWiZCJi4XNS
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵112Please respect copyright.PENANAsVy9ylURl6
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧112Please respect copyright.PENANAEusRP9r1z9
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥112Please respect copyright.PENANAIgFFUNmcX7
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品112Please respect copyright.PENANAxEEWpC50DI
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度112Please respect copyright.PENANAAjVeeQUhaf
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品112Please respect copyright.PENANATM5rxzk1k4
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)112Please respect copyright.PENANA4QvL6DAOfx
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水112Please respect copyright.PENANAQa7Ju9tnF1
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水112Please respect copyright.PENANAFSUBaaPGsJ
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命112Please respect copyright.PENANAW72oBZi0Hu
例如喺1875年112Please respect copyright.PENANA0LdC3YdFkp
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率112Please respect copyright.PENANAKuoHX2DH1W
已經跌到去1.5%112Please respect copyright.PENANARg6wHxYPUh
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面112Please respect copyright.PENANAJGQdTE4qBy
下集會講吓112Please respect copyright.PENANAZclKo37x2A
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥112Please respect copyright.PENANAfbml3rhOmW
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運112Please respect copyright.PENANADMxauelxdQ112Please respect copyright.PENANAw7X3wt5s8r