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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗102Please respect copyright.PENANAF9Y9bZbRRi
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多102Please respect copyright.PENANASoYW97Hric
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可以食少幾浸中間人抽水102Please respect copyright.PENANAUogNbQQrPZ
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前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年102Please respect copyright.PENANAK6m2q7YHJY
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加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊102Please respect copyright.PENANAzCiCuom6p4
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢102Please respect copyright.PENANAXTXo6YGeKD
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印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉102Please respect copyright.PENANAjsK797qhkS
就算食到都消化不良啦102Please respect copyright.PENANApXwEOGUnhm
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站102Please respect copyright.PENANASVP17mlTlS
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向102Please respect copyright.PENANAidQVgD36ez
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞102Please respect copyright.PENANA1PaKuROh9I
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非洲
當初搞咁多嘢102Please respect copyright.PENANAoZimy2jxA6
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美洲有耕地102Please respect copyright.PENANAt1M6yymR7L
非洲有人力102Please respect copyright.PENANAAc0QsoBqTJ
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就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦102Please respect copyright.PENANAoin9xKlnE5
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢102Please respect copyright.PENANAKjdeOEhEzz
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼102Please respect copyright.PENANA463Nszeelo
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢102Please respect copyright.PENANAYn4rznDhvW
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國102Please respect copyright.PENANAtKGQOHbc7C
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隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行102Please respect copyright.PENANAJKNwjf8Cxm
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣102Please respect copyright.PENANAv4esM6IMZM
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴102Please respect copyright.PENANALttrQ0FJol
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製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船102Please respect copyright.PENANA7S2nkXYjx5
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易102Please respect copyright.PENANAMBwsgVDjGr
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲102Please respect copyright.PENANAmG12TxdP3v為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度102Please respect copyright.PENANA6lpOWCLLG1
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
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於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團102Please respect copyright.PENANACDisdwE1YD
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議102Please respect copyright.PENANAiC9BGALnXy
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大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖102Please respect copyright.PENANAIRaxOfF9Gk
自16世紀起102Please respect copyright.PENANA824BsjrPhJ
呢個小圈子選舉102Please respect copyright.PENANAllrwGKUGMG
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控102Please respect copyright.PENANAMv1pmDBxhL
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益102Please respect copyright.PENANALWsjp6FCBU
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營102Please respect copyright.PENANAdYzjeJ5Z8k
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤102Please respect copyright.PENANApd2ftF8IrK
有時仲會大打出手102Please respect copyright.PENANA4D4dfUwAc4
好似1605年3月嗰次102Please respect copyright.PENANAK3rWphxm4D
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨102Please respect copyright.PENANAxPXaqTIpnt
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈102Please respect copyright.PENANAFmHm8tfzvA
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我直接講個結果:102Please respect copyright.PENANAvyARij0wm7
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗102Please respect copyright.PENANATuwBW8gu36
法號伍朋八世102Please respect copyright.PENANAQ8Ovy12zdD
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員102Please respect copyright.PENANASL2lU4XFwg
…102Please respect copyright.PENANABpGZJutTBF
..102Please respect copyright.PENANAXCVfQVYB8x
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開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???102Please respect copyright.PENANAeiCsWqaOK9
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦102Please respect copyright.PENANAwHrsjxj5Kp
佢地其實係病死嘅102Please respect copyright.PENANAR29PY1kX4S
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"102Please respect copyright.PENANAINkyye3yZQ
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇102Please respect copyright.PENANAYpMKCgZ6Et
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播102Please respect copyright.PENANAeR5iUrs6cO
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時102Please respect copyright.PENANAiOefC3WujQ
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係會令人發燒同病死102Please respect copyright.PENANAgqDYoSG10G
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾102Please respect copyright.PENANAecfuhywTMm
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後102Please respect copyright.PENANAhjHWj2A9tu
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘102Please respect copyright.PENANAcGNxKYtQA1
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體102Please respect copyright.PENANAqeEQ3y7kGq
帶返去羅馬本土喇102Please respect copyright.PENANA6CBqX1Gcpz
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶102Please respect copyright.PENANAz1nxBffl0e
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖102Please respect copyright.PENANACzyb24Cv6j
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地102Please respect copyright.PENANA5nmfutMxt8
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣102Please respect copyright.PENANAHQpI4v8EoO
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時102Please respect copyright.PENANAwHBi6bWhnr
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命102Please respect copyright.PENANA2pAQ9uPA1y
額我略十五世唔遲唔早102Please respect copyright.PENANAp4f1qJM8v2
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋102Please respect copyright.PENANAe45Q7TcQAK
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇102Please respect copyright.PENANAJGtmz80nGe
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世102Please respect copyright.PENANAYWWncHvcNp
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召102Please respect copyright.PENANAZDQwpJvcAp
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦102Please respect copyright.PENANAxkbuFoJxvA
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病102Please respect copyright.PENANAnYXqvWJWOO
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史102Please respect copyright.PENANA7VlOlactT6
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦102Please respect copyright.PENANASIQtZHi3W4
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾102Please respect copyright.PENANAzEECpUBHyL
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法102Please respect copyright.PENANAhQKfnYoyar
真係唔醫好過醫102Please respect copyright.PENANAQGCxKYvuBj
不過喺呢個大航海時代102Please respect copyright.PENANA0eT0Xhh0dS
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢102Please respect copyright.PENANA3SuE8tYVtn
16世紀起102Please respect copyright.PENANA7dqlyEb5A4
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊102Please respect copyright.PENANA1s2rk1UFGQ
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲102Please respect copyright.PENANA1cMs5VCHXS
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛102Please respect copyright.PENANATSimvTrok9
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人102Please respect copyright.PENANAhkmA8tqQfP
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣102Please respect copyright.PENANAv3ilnATiQJ
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目102Please respect copyright.PENANAznb65sZFCS
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材102Please respect copyright.PENANAehwWTd36Ee
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英102Please respect copyright.PENANAn85nJTxGQ2
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落102Please respect copyright.PENANAKelkd2qIvw
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦102Please respect copyright.PENANA2JXzgynFpG
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情102Please respect copyright.PENANAvHck83B7YJ
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....102Please respect copyright.PENANAFSpveilwKH
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸102Please respect copyright.PENANAuMTiyLvdkB
喺呢個地理大發現時代102Please respect copyright.PENANAgel9WIJNil
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置102Please respect copyright.PENANAEdf1lBkMNL
呢個故事嘅主要成份102Please respect copyright.PENANAdKsqSsQGSC
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初102Please respect copyright.PENANAwS6EQruZds
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬102Please respect copyright.PENANAlUt5SOrPcJ
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後102Please respect copyright.PENANAoniZoY8ZMj
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土102Please respect copyright.PENANAg0meB1GDip
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要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵102Please respect copyright.PENANAL1F4bqCUxW
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉102Please respect copyright.PENANAaP639u9EOE
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病102Please respect copyright.PENANAKUISm4FG8P
服從性有幾高可想而知102Please respect copyright.PENANATDNfuDDEgX
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫102Please respect copyright.PENANAtK630ULYdt
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話102Please respect copyright.PENANAKbvRIbc1XJ
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講102Please respect copyright.PENANAjQNiGVXNWp
無疑係甘上加甘102Please respect copyright.PENANAJMz1S6iXuB
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢102Please respect copyright.PENANABT9KRnHXrz
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000102Please respect copyright.PENANAJk7uM4rfO1
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度102Please respect copyright.PENANAZmqBH3PasC
錢就使咗效果又冇102Please respect copyright.PENANADdk5naaUEH
咁點搞?102Please respect copyright.PENANA7haIRygOqu
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”102Please respect copyright.PENANAUetV9oMeSM
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案102Please respect copyright.PENANAzevJAdXVm6
作為糖嘅發源地102Please respect copyright.PENANAMR4uxP3VC1
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像102Please respect copyright.PENANAq85QMBWPz9
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右102Please respect copyright.PENANAqGSQ1ehPBP
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官102Please respect copyright.PENANAeqkI0u7BUh
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:102Please respect copyright.PENANA4XZTkdKP9x
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧102Please respect copyright.PENANAb5dPKNQ5yf
溶入高濃度糖水102Please respect copyright.PENANAh5NIK5uZtr
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮102Please respect copyright.PENANAMX8qROXcoa
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿102Please respect copyright.PENANAN4VAZMBTCW
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度102Please respect copyright.PENANAFDYiIvLWlZ
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇102Please respect copyright.PENANApWzeujvsM9
啲軍官再進一步102Please respect copyright.PENANAXP2wNc13VX
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒102Please respect copyright.PENANATjde1ZD2f5
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
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用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆102Please respect copyright.PENANA1A49qCkRLP
法國人曾經試過用紅酒102Please respect copyright.PENANAkCeQGuByNg
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪102Please respect copyright.PENANA5EqS3WluKH
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水102Please respect copyright.PENANAPpQ1wcJBHj
味道完全唔融和102Please respect copyright.PENANAkN32S4KVBj
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味102Please respect copyright.PENANAtDju36daiH
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原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份102Please respect copyright.PENANATn7nWa5sAJ
同奎寧結合成聚合體102Please respect copyright.PENANA1SF8YXpPse
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道102Please respect copyright.PENANAglZI0asq0e
呢個偶然嘅發現102Please respect copyright.PENANAjo38JWm4iB
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎102Please respect copyright.PENANAkWDIahfsLe
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵102Please respect copyright.PENANATMRLcJYkLP
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧102Please respect copyright.PENANAIkoAmyiI77
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥102Please respect copyright.PENANA0d0LFjJDBd
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品102Please respect copyright.PENANAs07I5lSHj7
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度102Please respect copyright.PENANAaEgnu4WJzL
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品102Please respect copyright.PENANAAY4APZ3pgd
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)102Please respect copyright.PENANAPCMF8Unakj
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水102Please respect copyright.PENANAMyNbHOvhtY
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水102Please respect copyright.PENANAoG7kUJhsuE
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命102Please respect copyright.PENANA1KCXD87ZzV
例如喺1875年102Please respect copyright.PENANAL92vUMr2Gt
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率102Please respect copyright.PENANATVxQsUGf8O
已經跌到去1.5%102Please respect copyright.PENANAcs2OY99w79
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面102Please respect copyright.PENANAtCQfnksSQg
下集會講吓102Please respect copyright.PENANAviSEG0pUyh
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥102Please respect copyright.PENANANxE4FeuwDI
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運102Please respect copyright.PENANAnVpYyAEguP102Please respect copyright.PENANAEqP8M514Jo