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就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙162Please respect copyright.PENANAJWZo0MTPWG
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下162Please respect copyright.PENANAN9i7qa3xMQ
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網162Please respect copyright.PENANAY2aLbMkG8d
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞162Please respect copyright.PENANAwJM2YqFFrj
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好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀162Please respect copyright.PENANAEASGWo3FxK
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦162Please respect copyright.PENANAGk4TWH7tud
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下162Please respect copyright.PENANAr34iAqPp4h
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇162Please respect copyright.PENANAIO1xTvjctF
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時162Please respect copyright.PENANA781xxpTz00
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地162Please respect copyright.PENANAweuO9ACSwu
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力162Please respect copyright.PENANAJQzaXiUn7Y
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累162Please respect copyright.PENANAI64zNTdJtq
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖162Please respect copyright.PENANA208Ak8bbom
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗162Please respect copyright.PENANAC1UUNE7UCt
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多162Please respect copyright.PENANASxtsFztpdT
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易162Please respect copyright.PENANAqG0FWmPkbN
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水162Please respect copyright.PENANA9JMYvEG1V4
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度162Please respect copyright.PENANAUi4FKQT94g
同環繞赤道一周差唔多162Please respect copyright.PENANAgKyz0aoPIX
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲162Please respect copyright.PENANAQX10woRhRY
萬一有咩阻滯162Please respect copyright.PENANArMLA7fpJ1U
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食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢162Please respect copyright.PENANAXVt3cvFoRE
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成隊船要喺東非呆等半年162Please respect copyright.PENANA56lStNYHKr
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得162Please respect copyright.PENANAUNr95rJu0V
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天162Please respect copyright.PENANAKiJR52KKpn
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非162Please respect copyright.PENANAHxWrf8ho4f
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年162Please respect copyright.PENANAybI0xSYxeC
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生162Please respect copyright.PENANA8vlifKsEt8
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺162Please respect copyright.PENANAQ4Nv4BkbwD
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等162Please respect copyright.PENANA0krMy4CNGK
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另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支162Please respect copyright.PENANAlp5WbwQlQM
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊162Please respect copyright.PENANAqcbPdp3a7n
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢162Please respect copyright.PENANA4yyW6QRIaz
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講162Please respect copyright.PENANAB2jvVyGQqd
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉162Please respect copyright.PENANAjEYsDxTcJs
就算食到都消化不良啦162Please respect copyright.PENANAQEqp4IL5ri
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站162Please respect copyright.PENANAYsOenNESoS
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向162Please respect copyright.PENANAw2kzFxCmYK
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞162Please respect copyright.PENANAc9y7LYzIVa
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多162Please respect copyright.PENANAy75aHsSzcH
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:162Please respect copyright.PENANA7HhDE0PHjd
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢162Please respect copyright.PENANAE3qzu0fKdp
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫162Please respect copyright.PENANA6Usz6WPdUk
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近162Please respect copyright.PENANA2ZfaAivwhZ
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎162Please respect copyright.PENANAWspbfFm0VD
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力162Please respect copyright.PENANAthmRkP8sIo
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁162Please respect copyright.PENANAVimwCCDONA
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩162Please respect copyright.PENANAEZQhprGSUG
美洲有耕地162Please respect copyright.PENANA3aTfFuwNAD
非洲有人力162Please respect copyright.PENANAwTDJv3E4oW
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心162Please respect copyright.PENANAgbzgViZnwJ
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦162Please respect copyright.PENANAd3SAcDdTvA
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢162Please respect copyright.PENANAvIvVv61vI1
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼162Please respect copyright.PENANAvDRijdqpNp
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢162Please respect copyright.PENANAv0xnSfnxz5
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國162Please respect copyright.PENANACZIS66Wb3s
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦162Please respect copyright.PENANAAlpxOKxtnH
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行162Please respect copyright.PENANAnqPjHFOA34
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣162Please respect copyright.PENANALm3rQ1QFIY
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴162Please respect copyright.PENANA4pQtIonbzr
由此激發各國投入人力物力162Please respect copyright.PENANAHQXvBiqHLi
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器162Please respect copyright.PENANANo7L1yM4xT
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船162Please respect copyright.PENANAsJwE3Rdow9
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展162Please respect copyright.PENANAyF9STseONt
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等162Please respect copyright.PENANA0buHRPlyK6
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話162Please respect copyright.PENANAWQXC4OoanJ
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易162Please respect copyright.PENANARQfB3PZAsF
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲162Please respect copyright.PENANAij8sElLsUo為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度162Please respect copyright.PENANAsZC7S4j80Z
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:162Please respect copyright.PENANAjsYkj7xY9Y
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?162Please respect copyright.PENANApfokcLyjCA
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒162Please respect copyright.PENANAQ0OERxhSyl
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀162Please respect copyright.PENANApBD22kk7Ar
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢162Please respect copyright.PENANAFY5yPT6UsR
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成162Please respect copyright.PENANADPWqXAbtHd
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉162Please respect copyright.PENANAkbws0zMevq
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現162Please respect copyright.PENANAILoWvbOzHX
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲162Please respect copyright.PENANAtAaOnnEdLz
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉162Please respect copyright.PENANAMyMAoZaBLn
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團162Please respect copyright.PENANAq2UHgFteCl
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議162Please respect copyright.PENANAmukqTC9Tpj
準備選出新教宗喇162Please respect copyright.PENANAGBcaiNx3Jj
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖162Please respect copyright.PENANA24lCJixQK9
自16世紀起162Please respect copyright.PENANAeqMHRYl4D2
呢個小圈子選舉162Please respect copyright.PENANA07b0vVZbmo
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控162Please respect copyright.PENANATvuBL1Z3vE
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益162Please respect copyright.PENANAls3JwPNK2n
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營162Please respect copyright.PENANANYa0FUKyXd
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤162Please respect copyright.PENANAVno5nTrij7
有時仲會大打出手162Please respect copyright.PENANAfORJYzpeTY
好似1605年3月嗰次162Please respect copyright.PENANArqMwI8Nw6s
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨162Please respect copyright.PENANAxlpj22vg3f
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈162Please respect copyright.PENANA0thWbs5ere
不過呢個唔係今集重點162Please respect copyright.PENANA3wjIIMc0ar
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇162Please respect copyright.PENANAZXrqJjzDc7
我直接講個結果:162Please respect copyright.PENANASZlYYUgGIr
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗162Please respect copyright.PENANAhFCb0yf8i4
法號伍朋八世162Please respect copyright.PENANAkEvlRaIM3p
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員162Please respect copyright.PENANAC1RZqsMsjt
…162Please respect copyright.PENANAbuU9rcEWlF
..162Please respect copyright.PENANAKPtVQXoipM
.162Please respect copyright.PENANAFieXzOZBCS
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???162Please respect copyright.PENANAWW3yTTNUj9
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦162Please respect copyright.PENANAm5Vvtlxyhy
佢地其實係病死嘅162Please respect copyright.PENANA1WOJBMrlJ6
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"162Please respect copyright.PENANAzG403KkgJp
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇162Please respect copyright.PENANAj6Qz3clOs4
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播162Please respect copyright.PENANAZBjWhWsPQ4
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時162Please respect copyright.PENANAay0OmP8rPb
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味162Please respect copyright.PENANA2qVYeTWre6
係會令人發燒同病死162Please respect copyright.PENANAD1fb0PYSOl
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾162Please respect copyright.PENANAyYXfDJE09K
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後162Please respect copyright.PENANAlRde2bruKV
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘162Please respect copyright.PENANATMYrNYMY0g
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體162Please respect copyright.PENANARhjguKq6Dy
帶返去羅馬本土喇162Please respect copyright.PENANA0npyf3MWuv
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶162Please respect copyright.PENANAdhWzPdNI6H
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖162Please respect copyright.PENANAjAn5iYIE4n
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地162Please respect copyright.PENANASNvYdo43qN
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣162Please respect copyright.PENANA78eztt9mat
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時162Please respect copyright.PENANACJNONMOUay
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命162Please respect copyright.PENANAa7oIgd70GL
額我略十五世唔遲唔早162Please respect copyright.PENANA6kaEL0YY9e
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋162Please respect copyright.PENANAQ5Qn4G2Hcm
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇162Please respect copyright.PENANAJFWT9dDBiK
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世162Please respect copyright.PENANAoeYaO7iL65
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召162Please respect copyright.PENANAAv0r4iaZSt
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦162Please respect copyright.PENANAaNl7FvdkjG
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病162Please respect copyright.PENANAerd4kAO81h
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史162Please respect copyright.PENANAbypkfQNt58
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦162Please respect copyright.PENANANzM2FWKkFu
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾162Please respect copyright.PENANAlcdlRZTDLl
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法162Please respect copyright.PENANAbM8i5K9MXv
真係唔醫好過醫162Please respect copyright.PENANAFzrOBnXGme
不過喺呢個大航海時代162Please respect copyright.PENANA8qQ9YuCMKT
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢162Please respect copyright.PENANAhDC7dQbUne
16世紀起162Please respect copyright.PENANA4ypFKI4gHs
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊162Please respect copyright.PENANAECUUVsPL8u
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲162Please respect copyright.PENANAi4iSGCYG6G
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛162Please respect copyright.PENANAQcUnrR5zn4
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人162Please respect copyright.PENANAkEaxg1zvut
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣162Please respect copyright.PENANA1gePVOjyq7
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目162Please respect copyright.PENANAEVIfmfYMXp
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材162Please respect copyright.PENANAI2JJQAneQP
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英162Please respect copyright.PENANA5S9KSrtoOq
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落162Please respect copyright.PENANAme53K1gQ3E
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦162Please respect copyright.PENANA2Yv6OBx4Ew
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情162Please respect copyright.PENANATRbxNXNpTI
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....162Please respect copyright.PENANA6O2c8hLKX7
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸162Please respect copyright.PENANAoWHjENoJLb
喺呢個地理大發現時代162Please respect copyright.PENANAN63osrayk2
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置162Please respect copyright.PENANAsnblti3kDi
呢個故事嘅主要成份162Please respect copyright.PENANAXVG9KMPTwO
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初162Please respect copyright.PENANARek07p95XP
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬162Please respect copyright.PENANAcJcSR5vAey
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後162Please respect copyright.PENANAyOYOxzakgy
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土162Please respect copyright.PENANAAgwNdl6yan
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要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵162Please respect copyright.PENANA6PRB7eC8DL
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉162Please respect copyright.PENANAdN8VzMs6PZ
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病162Please respect copyright.PENANApr9eTivGub
服從性有幾高可想而知162Please respect copyright.PENANAK5ZTaze15Q
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫162Please respect copyright.PENANAXHcniaJQfz
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話162Please respect copyright.PENANAub41ollfD6
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講162Please respect copyright.PENANAOvyKRmpQ2G
無疑係甘上加甘162Please respect copyright.PENANAVNCEYQ3Dyl
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢162Please respect copyright.PENANAXNhMGmuCkZ
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000162Please respect copyright.PENANAdq16tSgI3v
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度162Please respect copyright.PENANAaSBPveC8vn
錢就使咗效果又冇162Please respect copyright.PENANACPlbt1z17y
咁點搞?162Please respect copyright.PENANAhu2EzUOBsA
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”162Please respect copyright.PENANAkowIA5KuZV
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案162Please respect copyright.PENANA1WXq0wVjI4
作為糖嘅發源地162Please respect copyright.PENANAyda0tQqDIB
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像162Please respect copyright.PENANAzyduA5KNU9
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右162Please respect copyright.PENANAmYyyL4yWfq
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官162Please respect copyright.PENANALtJcxfUXd0
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:162Please respect copyright.PENANAQ2ypzn8uC9
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧162Please respect copyright.PENANAkbGblkME9W
溶入高濃度糖水162Please respect copyright.PENANA2ttR0xccOK
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮162Please respect copyright.PENANAMzIvyxcHXU
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿162Please respect copyright.PENANA9jrKGOlWp0
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度162Please respect copyright.PENANATpmVudRLaG
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇162Please respect copyright.PENANAmw6HtUtrxi
啲軍官再進一步162Please respect copyright.PENANAhfboAAs3hY
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒162Please respect copyright.PENANASPzI0fCoTj
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
162Please respect copyright.PENANAfaMY5V9Ken
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆162Please respect copyright.PENANAOUFDf6r1bc
法國人曾經試過用紅酒162Please respect copyright.PENANAsD0i0jmLqK
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪162Please respect copyright.PENANAsSxqEKAi35
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水162Please respect copyright.PENANA6zYzhQHI60
味道完全唔融和162Please respect copyright.PENANAkY7enmGGl0
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味162Please respect copyright.PENANAltYAWYoBot
後來研究發現162Please respect copyright.PENANATtnFERsOt0
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份162Please respect copyright.PENANAk3whpLUWPm
同奎寧結合成聚合體162Please respect copyright.PENANA5TTSLGsnlK
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道162Please respect copyright.PENANArb2e4F4E8j
呢個偶然嘅發現162Please respect copyright.PENANAzF2EQ3PESE
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎162Please respect copyright.PENANAD30vvCffmZ
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵162Please respect copyright.PENANA6mz5YpisPu
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧162Please respect copyright.PENANAJY1sDA8VK2
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥162Please respect copyright.PENANAGyOsMGI9JD
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品162Please respect copyright.PENANAvJQe7t5dyF
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度162Please respect copyright.PENANAEiX7xh49Zk
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品162Please respect copyright.PENANAAFVfxFhEIm
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)162Please respect copyright.PENANAmqEY8vihhR
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水162Please respect copyright.PENANARVHUdEEeoE
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水162Please respect copyright.PENANAXrAOlLWuAQ
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命162Please respect copyright.PENANAcmzF266Itn
例如喺1875年162Please respect copyright.PENANA8YC0L80BFG
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率162Please respect copyright.PENANAKlsqVcZnFb
已經跌到去1.5%162Please respect copyright.PENANAKW1B0oQ3V3
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面162Please respect copyright.PENANAr0FvPOST8j
下集會講吓162Please respect copyright.PENANAkNmgkXbP8N
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥162Please respect copyright.PENANATp4wfkSHrg
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運162Please respect copyright.PENANA0xyD5LZ07K162Please respect copyright.PENANAXDpQ03qcxy