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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網158Please respect copyright.PENANA5HjVLbjwX3
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗158Please respect copyright.PENANAX2zEv1dd1h
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多158Please respect copyright.PENANAqMliYuFsA7
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易158Please respect copyright.PENANAzkUV1XtaJ5
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水158Please respect copyright.PENANAvgH8UzsbIf
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前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年158Please respect copyright.PENANAhOk9ULEz3L
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呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢158Please respect copyright.PENANAsYh4aQCCNN
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印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉158Please respect copyright.PENANADaNtmIUPMe
就算食到都消化不良啦158Please respect copyright.PENANAK2jYaZznAN
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站158Please respect copyright.PENANAg43KldBeY3
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就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞158Please respect copyright.PENANAbdjxCWy3lA
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呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:158Please respect copyright.PENANALJlki4ZLtC
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢158Please respect copyright.PENANAkf55oktH4g
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非洲有人力158Please respect copyright.PENANAodvbs479Te
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就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦158Please respect copyright.PENANAY2TtBIgWot
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢158Please respect copyright.PENANA161qLljRxk
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼158Please respect copyright.PENANA7xQj21M4De
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢158Please respect copyright.PENANAllKm9KHZlj
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國158Please respect copyright.PENANAo9rKNMbNG7
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隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行158Please respect copyright.PENANAVKbXvjT8VH
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣158Please respect copyright.PENANAkp8qpbaQtr
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由此激發各國投入人力物力158Please respect copyright.PENANAxlkOGBP9aV
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器158Please respect copyright.PENANA4TXtBC1C2V
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船158Please respect copyright.PENANA7oveY0NL5a
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易158Please respect copyright.PENANAHThu5DpWDr
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲158Please respect copyright.PENANA6YIRB3V7Tm為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度158Please respect copyright.PENANAMd8NyNQ8b5
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:158Please respect copyright.PENANAoSWcwUbHFZ
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?158Please respect copyright.PENANA72SKcoz712
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呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢158Please respect copyright.PENANA10qftDfUVr
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而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉158Please respect copyright.PENANAWmycac4JjX
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
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哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉158Please respect copyright.PENANAfHjbRsATEI
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團158Please respect copyright.PENANAopKi4LlVbS
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大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖158Please respect copyright.PENANAWPkoblvg0D
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就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控158Please respect copyright.PENANAdO2mPf7twl
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大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營158Please respect copyright.PENANAz4c5LoPNHA
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤158Please respect copyright.PENANAsynrMeWVv3
有時仲會大打出手158Please respect copyright.PENANAVlbbUYfWEl
好似1605年3月嗰次158Please respect copyright.PENANAdurnyWBS4P
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨158Please respect copyright.PENANAERc4ocOK5F
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈158Please respect copyright.PENANAFBa78aEB1n
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所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇158Please respect copyright.PENANArnvOsFVtCw
我直接講個結果:158Please respect copyright.PENANAOGwq12Midq
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗158Please respect copyright.PENANA3Co1r4fk9a
法號伍朋八世158Please respect copyright.PENANAXjZSHHG4H0
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員158Please respect copyright.PENANAMlpFrmX94y
…158Please respect copyright.PENANAw7iCUgmqL1
..158Please respect copyright.PENANAkSDhBS4GlX
.158Please respect copyright.PENANA76q6aGg5XO
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???158Please respect copyright.PENANApbB3yvtPxq
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦158Please respect copyright.PENANABhNGdNIjcz
佢地其實係病死嘅158Please respect copyright.PENANAvonKbWFjMf
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"158Please respect copyright.PENANAUERge2dtNm
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇158Please respect copyright.PENANAxWk01o2o0M
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播158Please respect copyright.PENANAhvAl61Y2ui
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時158Please respect copyright.PENANATy8T4KbL3j
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係會令人發燒同病死158Please respect copyright.PENANAbcgwiY0APV
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾158Please respect copyright.PENANAzbGYKc7aHV
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後158Please respect copyright.PENANAoK1Ew9KBjM
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘158Please respect copyright.PENANAhhBrA1BZV1
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體158Please respect copyright.PENANAMuaSOtF146
帶返去羅馬本土喇158Please respect copyright.PENANAY5d84SlRGk
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶158Please respect copyright.PENANAH9Beik4Qst
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖158Please respect copyright.PENANAWdzGcV6h85
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地158Please respect copyright.PENANALj0Kx62jTF
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣158Please respect copyright.PENANAQq6xWxcHIE
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時158Please respect copyright.PENANAKj5Tn6eSWI
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命158Please respect copyright.PENANAGDZlltPQbk
額我略十五世唔遲唔早158Please respect copyright.PENANAIF9N53NOqW
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋158Please respect copyright.PENANAnMdI6IvudS
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇158Please respect copyright.PENANAVHYC76t3aV
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世158Please respect copyright.PENANAY2nfARJL9l
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召158Please respect copyright.PENANAUoAbC9v8VV
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦158Please respect copyright.PENANAtXiMNVYvtO
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病158Please respect copyright.PENANAWHuWEYp72Y
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史158Please respect copyright.PENANAUfn5iUnjqB
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦158Please respect copyright.PENANAUxNoM1w3m1
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾158Please respect copyright.PENANAhkJW0IWTnW
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法158Please respect copyright.PENANA7dAnhHGApT
真係唔醫好過醫158Please respect copyright.PENANA7IGTk9v5p6
不過喺呢個大航海時代158Please respect copyright.PENANAKZ6kDl5DuX
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢158Please respect copyright.PENANA7W6upGNodY
16世紀起158Please respect copyright.PENANArIsh9DNhto
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊158Please respect copyright.PENANAcC4XwiAb6T
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲158Please respect copyright.PENANA5Jz6vZqvlC
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛158Please respect copyright.PENANAQVM7qAs8RK
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人158Please respect copyright.PENANAWhy7Fnz7Ej
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣158Please respect copyright.PENANAhJF45GvoKz
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目158Please respect copyright.PENANAFdVAvHYELv
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材158Please respect copyright.PENANAzKpUi0Mvbr
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英158Please respect copyright.PENANAUj8hiW1dOT
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落158Please respect copyright.PENANA4EGShhvaII
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦158Please respect copyright.PENANASZQYdk5shF
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情158Please respect copyright.PENANAnAzSVCxYVb
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....158Please respect copyright.PENANAXMs80j82py
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喺呢個地理大發現時代158Please respect copyright.PENANAuXYvXGjb1S
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呢個故事嘅主要成份158Please respect copyright.PENANAi4mChIbK8j
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初158Please respect copyright.PENANAVNb6LHQO33
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬158Please respect copyright.PENANAgkj0WrypAu
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就唔同咁講喇158Please respect copyright.PENANAOE6RaO1DBB
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵158Please respect copyright.PENANAsqEjlCj8HM
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉158Please respect copyright.PENANA0zRoqtzly3
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病158Please respect copyright.PENANAbixPkVyCFr
服從性有幾高可想而知158Please respect copyright.PENANALExJHGNe18
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫158Please respect copyright.PENANApBUEJ0ROTZ
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話158Please respect copyright.PENANAWgTheIRcfU
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講158Please respect copyright.PENANAx0kPFPGl3O
無疑係甘上加甘158Please respect copyright.PENANAhWVCQbpsgf
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢158Please respect copyright.PENANAp6KGUwsmq7
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000158Please respect copyright.PENANARX2ySYedkl
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度158Please respect copyright.PENANARoRvY34hdm
錢就使咗效果又冇158Please respect copyright.PENANANJnaxMgTp9
咁點搞?158Please respect copyright.PENANAqucbhokHUy
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”158Please respect copyright.PENANAKB7gJpXawN
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案158Please respect copyright.PENANANo0vmL7YkF
作為糖嘅發源地158Please respect copyright.PENANAyKHiJlakiv
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像158Please respect copyright.PENANAg4WpZpfXvp
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右158Please respect copyright.PENANAkdzKbsoYk0
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官158Please respect copyright.PENANApKKk9Ya2ku
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:158Please respect copyright.PENANAZXNdLby0a8
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧158Please respect copyright.PENANAkmWFLgwwR6
溶入高濃度糖水158Please respect copyright.PENANALWrUMV9OOn
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮158Please respect copyright.PENANAi1CHD46cnc
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿158Please respect copyright.PENANAysWl6dlPqY
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度158Please respect copyright.PENANAy0NwLmqRvK
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇158Please respect copyright.PENANAKSWDkfjwRl
啲軍官再進一步158Please respect copyright.PENANATJgCeOW5F7
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒158Please respect copyright.PENANAqfms1iDPUw
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
158Please respect copyright.PENANA8AIoszJwJM
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆158Please respect copyright.PENANAA2AlMRtl8J
法國人曾經試過用紅酒158Please respect copyright.PENANAIhdv0R3itt
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪158Please respect copyright.PENANAJthlJE0sSs
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水158Please respect copyright.PENANAArUQ1PKeiy
味道完全唔融和158Please respect copyright.PENANASxC47QB0v8
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味158Please respect copyright.PENANA5iwvOCSXDm
後來研究發現158Please respect copyright.PENANAkLXIrb3D74
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份158Please respect copyright.PENANA3Ke9v5ssBJ
同奎寧結合成聚合體158Please respect copyright.PENANArNcnGAEwtH
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道158Please respect copyright.PENANAPztmIeKdd8
呢個偶然嘅發現158Please respect copyright.PENANAasNYbFk8UU
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎158Please respect copyright.PENANALrtGmz83dP
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵158Please respect copyright.PENANAAxMDNwJ8Uj
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧158Please respect copyright.PENANAtxmDAwXwTv
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥158Please respect copyright.PENANAuBbqnvRORx
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品158Please respect copyright.PENANAQtQxfizPgP
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度158Please respect copyright.PENANAzoLicA6Cz8
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品158Please respect copyright.PENANAvwKsNOgU6F
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)158Please respect copyright.PENANAmhcB2KNihh
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水158Please respect copyright.PENANA1EVF9yVdrV
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水158Please respect copyright.PENANAusS3zWXlEl
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命158Please respect copyright.PENANAkRw48hOZbq
例如喺1875年158Please respect copyright.PENANA0xnmbBhEEc
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率158Please respect copyright.PENANAGbuqGLoFFI
已經跌到去1.5%158Please respect copyright.PENANAtLKDwuCWku
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面158Please respect copyright.PENANA7Ou5ELxgH5
下集會講吓158Please respect copyright.PENANA9VBy3qWMfB
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥158Please respect copyright.PENANABI5D7hAbYM
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運158Please respect copyright.PENANAnVKMsCaMSz158Please respect copyright.PENANArj4aYFJQOj