
今集講講呢隻來自南美、名叫奎寧嘅蝴蝶64Please respect copyright.PENANA6rhStvY0Nq
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴64Please respect copyright.PENANAJWAbslN9RS
當初歐洲佬唔係笨撚柒64Please respect copyright.PENANAPJlzfHkivn
佢地當然知道直接殖民非洲64Please respect copyright.PENANArwjbcFtcsh
係可以減省好多運輸奴隸嘅開支啦64Please respect copyright.PENANAKAYwjqQNIB
事實上佢地一早就佔領晒非洲外圍嘅群島64Please respect copyright.PENANAXevifIYaha
並喺嗰度利用黑奴建立起一個個嘅種植園64Please respect copyright.PENANAaPL0oQMD2I
規模仲相當之大64Please respect copyright.PENANAOwCMsfDfNm
好似葡萄牙喺畿內亞灣嘅聖多美普林西比64Please respect copyright.PENANACZaX0mRATf
喺16世紀就曾經係世上最大嘅產糖地64Please respect copyright.PENANANl6lnlHvpi
(以重量計喺嗰時蔗糖同黃金係等值)64Please respect copyright.PENANAroYcDYXt6Y
聖多美普林西比(São Tomé and Príncipe)
不過同呢啲渺無人煙嘅外島相比64Please respect copyright.PENANAstIsYwVMdy
非洲內陸就完全係另一回事喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAEbyqBSaZ4s
對白人嚟講64Please respect copyright.PENANAhdURHU2uU8
撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅叢林地帶64Please respect copyright.PENANAK0I9FoZEFy
自古以來就係九死一生嘅毒龍潭64Please respect copyright.PENANASuFsXezFp8呢片被稱為“黑非洲”嘅雨林64Please respect copyright.PENANA8JgulrMj2k
古時就已經被認為係不可逾越嘅蠻荒之地64Please respect copyright.PENANAk4zoVS1uJH
古希臘歷史學家希羅多德就曾經記載64Please respect copyright.PENANABjIj2GR0jS
喺公元前530年64Please respect copyright.PENANAkJcYBC8H23
當時地上最強、啱啱征服咗埃及嘅波斯王岡比西斯二世64Please respect copyright.PENANADBVEhKbeP9
佢派去探索呢個世界盡頭嘅遠征軍64Please respect copyright.PENANAW1PGw5uaoP
仗都未打就喺征途死咗一半人被迫折返64Please respect copyright.PENANAer3enVLqfT
另外古羅馬曾經4次派遠征軍橫越撒哈拉64Please respect copyright.PENANAIrGPJQqdpp
最後都係冇辦法穿越呢片浩瀚無垠嘅密林64Please respect copyright.PENANAWyeQIm2dww
派入去偵察嘅斥候全部都有去冇回64Please respect copyright.PENANAcFOyv6KpLX
原因就係以瘧疾為首嘅各種熱帶疾病64Please respect copyright.PENANAI1NpGa4KO9
希羅多德喺佢本《歷史》所描述嘅世界64Please respect copyright.PENANA0a63K8vuZ9
要留意撒哈拉沙漠以南嗰個(Æthiopes)唔係而家嗰個埃塞俄比亞64Please respect copyright.PENANALOnLMbT9hU
呢個字古希臘文解“燒燶咗塊面”64Please respect copyright.PENANAqN1hwq5KeA
係指撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅非洲64Please respect copyright.PENANAYHlC8mwvML
古希臘啲仆街仔諗嘢都真係幾撚地獄64Please respect copyright.PENANAJYqikpI6EI羅馬嗰4次遠征路線圖64Please respect copyright.PENANAaURZKlAcbF
雖然最後都係探索唔到非洲內陸嘅情況64Please respect copyright.PENANA5dlb5m0hLj
不過呢幾次都為日後橫撒哈拉貿易奠定基礎64Please respect copyright.PENANAfVDVBpgoK3
成就出之後風光一時嘅土著貿易王國64Please respect copyright.PENANArTmiQOvBQX一度興盛嘅橫撒哈拉貿易王國64Please respect copyright.PENANA87nNBvnm9S
其中以Mansa Musa呢位一路去麥加朝聖64Please respect copyright.PENANAbPWeaCvrBM
一路派金粒64Please respect copyright.PENANAEjXZDeU9pR
派到引發沿途地區嚴重通貨膨脹嘅馬里國王最為著名64Please respect copyright.PENANA1ae3ikYHKg
不過呢啲財雄勢大嘅駱駝商旅64Please respect copyright.PENANAA4dMxHdXbR
最後都係畀大航海時代帶嚟嘅海洋貿易所取代
呢啲病對歐洲人嚟講係魔咒64Please respect copyright.PENANAVZ6WIZt3Lo
但係對世居於呢片密林嘅黑鬼嚟講呢64Please respect copyright.PENANADil0txJhN6
就係護身符喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAjivHYyL4zS
(有興趣嘅小朋友可以搵吓地中海貧血症、蠶豆症同瘧疾嘅關係)64Please respect copyright.PENANAwtXnTOUfNY
正因為咁64Please respect copyright.PENANApZN2g66TxF
歐洲人對非洲內陸64Please respect copyright.PENANA4jKnTmGhMP
尤其係中非剛果盆地64Please respect copyright.PENANAgT69kG6D5H
係一無所知64Please respect copyright.PENANAiwi8UaQnyc
一路以嚟所有嘗試深入剛果河流域嘅探險64Please respect copyright.PENANAVO5d4RektW
都係以災難收場64Please respect copyright.PENANAHu5TM62OJV
好似喺1542年64Please respect copyright.PENANAAtvufUWJ2t
第一個發現剛果河口嘅歐洲人64Please respect copyright.PENANA80u51OwrOW
葡萄牙航海家Diogo Cão64Please respect copyright.PENANABFgix0pob7
就係喺試圖探索內陸時病死喺河邊64Please respect copyright.PENANA0YzthWeibh
對嗰時嘅歐洲人嚟講64Please respect copyright.PENANA6CtkuKJAAh
佔領非洲本土代價實在太大64Please respect copyright.PENANA3TuUYplbQi
與其嘥人力物力喺非洲內陸建立殖民地64Please respect copyright.PENANA3k9Zzh6gME
不如同啲土著王國做貿易好過64Please respect copyright.PENANA875jiJ8oqd
以葡萄牙為例64Please respect copyright.PENANAEkMRXsfQBD
喺見識過剛果雨林嘅殘酷同當地巴剛果王國嘅強大後64Please respect copyright.PENANAGhON0TpfVj
葡萄牙就決定喺剛果河口南岸較為乾燥嘅草原64Please respect copyright.PENANADBEZaPEblX
建立貿易站64Please respect copyright.PENANALn02ag7x0L
以教育、宗教同鎗炮64Please respect copyright.PENANAY6hPpVDcEW
嚟同呢個土著王國換取戰俘作奴隸喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAhRfJXCBo8A
剛果河南岸嘅葡屬安哥拉
剛果國王阿方索一世喺1517年6月8號寫畀葡萄牙國王曼紐一世嘅信64Please respect copyright.PENANA9KAPL0Th9n
向佢呢位主內弟兄請求提供教會禮儀器具64Please respect copyright.PENANAEJ9UZ6rJHm
(以面積計剛果王國係當時世上最大嘅大公教國家)
去到近代64Please respect copyright.PENANAItqge3FDZR
就算係船堅炮利嘅英國佬64Please respect copyright.PENANAcRfZe4zvcs
情況都唔好得幾多64Please respect copyright.PENANAVbGndPIQ8X
好似喺1816年有個叫James Tuckey嘅英國海軍上校64Please respect copyright.PENANA9miXwQ7rkx
組織咗隊探險隊尋找剛果河源頭64Please respect copyright.PENANAJmhiWU5Pk7
結果由河口上溯唔夠100公里64Please respect copyright.PENANAkG3dOM7NG7
54個隊員入面就病死咗21個64Please respect copyright.PENANANzO9H1b92w
包括佢自己64Please respect copyright.PENANALe61EoSiyP
所以直至19世紀中葉64Please respect copyright.PENANAJoaVHwOcyA
中南非洲仍然係呢個地理大發現時代入面最大嘅迷團64Please respect copyright.PENANAv0uciJ1XN6
Tuckey上校用生命所畫嘅剛果河口地型圖
1850年非洲地圖64Please respect copyright.PENANAFlqZipuDB1
留意番中間橙黃色個“ETHIOPIA”唔係而家嗰個64Please respect copyright.PENANA9qlRFHsSfo
呢度借用嚟標示非洲中部呢大片未探索之地64Please respect copyright.PENANAfZUyQDiIBm
(嗰時埃塞俄比亞個英文名係Abyssinia, 由阿拉伯文翻譯過嚟)64Please respect copyright.PENANASjYLgMsNOp
不過奎寧普及後情況就唔同晒喇64Please respect copyright.PENANADW1hFR9Obz
歐洲人喺非洲嘅生存率得以大大提升64Please respect copyright.PENANACujoS9L9XG
隨住人命成本降低64Please respect copyright.PENANAzehkDMJZkh
探索非洲雨林嘅門檻64Please respect copyright.PENANAN2qc7HiSIa
已經下降到可以接受嘅水平64Please respect copyright.PENANAaZbLdgDxPg
喺1850年代開始64Please respect copyright.PENANAxV436GkBYL
歐美各國政府、地理學會以至私人企業64Please respect copyright.PENANAgqaB0tdRoS
紛紛組織探險隊64Please respect copyright.PENANAaFU8Woee6q
務求搶先其他人一步64Please respect copyright.PENANA22QkgtNozA
尋找失落喺中非密林嘅嗰幾塊拼圖64Please respect copyright.PENANAz9niB4Eszy
其中最積極嘅64Please respect copyright.PENANAfwECyZQ2E9
就係正處於維多利亞時期嘅英國喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAmykvB0hryZ當時所缺嗰幾塊拼圖64Please respect copyright.PENANAP9MnQLbtO2
分別係:64Please respect copyright.PENANAqhQBnGDDCL
1.尼羅河源頭64Please respect copyright.PENANAC2tKeCGjP1
2.傳說中浩瀚如海嘅中非淡水湖64Please respect copyright.PENANAIkl9WhaKQO
3.剛果盆地64Please respect copyright.PENANAdXmXNCvK6k
跟住落嚟嗰卅幾年64Please respect copyright.PENANA5IOBZdtng2
喺一個阿拉伯奴隸主嘅協助下64Please respect copyright.PENANAQ9DyeydTlF
憑住五個英國佬、一個斯拉夫白女奴以及無數黑奴轎夫嘅努力同犧牲64Please respect copyright.PENANAttEe7RsoTx
掩蓋中非嘅嗰片戰爭迷霧逐漸消退64Please respect copyright.PENANAILawbGN0F9
《大航海時代》最終DLC《瓜分非洲》終於上線喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAC2JMDaEp2S
1880年代非洲地圖64Please respect copyright.PENANAwGNK5UCwNh
對比番1850年嗰幅地圖64Please respect copyright.PENANALddyrlJiYZ
尼羅河同剛果河流域基本上已經被探索64Please respect copyright.PENANAm0TjMOF46R
再唔係被標示為“ETHIOPIA”喇
呢卅幾年嘅中非探險歷史64Please respect copyright.PENANAahenwOJ5R2
所牽涉嘅人同佢地之間嘅恩怨情仇64Please respect copyright.PENANAU7pOrYjNUW
的確相當引人入勝──64Please respect copyright.PENANAJv8vGTVGcd
一個借探險之名研究各地性愛風俗嘅性書大亨64Please respect copyright.PENANApRJ4ZRmgHe
一個因個人臆測而引發後世幾場大屠殺嘅軍佬64Please respect copyright.PENANAnNAfVyWDVR
一個濟世為懷但又志大才疏嘅醫生/傳教士64Please respect copyright.PENANAKggxRYyJ0S
一個為名利而不擇手段、甘願為惡龍做事嘅記者64Please respect copyright.PENANASaUgS5oVmm
一個喺巴爾幹同鄂圖曼總督爭女嘅二世祖64Please respect copyright.PENANAajQlD4tzqK
同一個持家賢慧但又驍勇凶悍嘅白女奴64Please respect copyright.PENANAjP2mPOiMq1
仲有一個喺暗中操縱一切、憑藉探險熱潮乘勢而起但又被一切反噬嘅阿拉伯奴隸主64Please respect copyright.PENANANnHEWGFZ9t
──用呢啲性格鮮明、經歷獨特嘅歷史人物寫嘅故事64Please respect copyright.PENANAn9pfD2VZbH
我諗都會相當有趣64Please respect copyright.PENANAHlYicWRy2e
不過礙於篇幅所限64Please respect copyright.PENANAut7KAtviDV
我就唔喺度一一展開喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAFqB1oS29Ws
(除咗講盧旺達大屠殺嗰陣會提一提嗰個性書大亨同個軍佬)64Please respect copyright.PENANAznMYEei7z0
可能或者有機會第日得閒開多篇嚟講吓啦吓
喺講啲列強點樣喺非洲玩到high翻天之前64Please respect copyright.PENANAzmLe8eFmsn
首先要講講佢地瓜分非洲嘅誘因64Please respect copyright.PENANAUU7dUKElVS
一切要由一場股災講起64Please respect copyright.PENANA2JtneJZ1eo
而家就睇吓呢日發生咗啲咩事64Please respect copyright.PENANAZzpt3DRQRp
搞到丁生咁好興致一家人齊齊整整上天台睇日落64Please respect copyright.PENANAHDgYMKwTS8
1873年5月9號星期五朝早64Please respect copyright.PENANA8AEDC3Yfrc
維也納有個叫Adolf Petschek嘅猶太佬64Please respect copyright.PENANAIIs9S5QrbJ
向法院申請將佢間公司破產64Please respect copyright.PENANA0ZLwDyhzNI
呢條友並唔係普通嘅阿茂阿壽64Please respect copyright.PENANAsNrOeLxvZU
佢檔嘢係當時奧匈帝國以至整個中歐最大嘅證券商64Please respect copyright.PENANAdEJkYmno3E
一間咁有影響力嘅企業破產64Please respect copyright.PENANAmXrVKAkq79
必然會引起市場動盪64Please respect copyright.PENANAM4eySKSp71
於是維也納交易所決定暫時休市64Please respect copyright.PENANAJ9UvtmAbbu
咁就仆街喇64Please respect copyright.PENANA8NXzCIZQXv
喺嗰個資訊唔流通嘅年代64Please respect copyright.PENANA5MjfjJPDjB
停市嘅原因係冇辦法即時通知市場上所有參與者64Please respect copyright.PENANAUV6p1jBjYQ
一時間謠言滿天飛64Please respect copyright.PENANAyfImKLg1TF
人喺恐慌下64Please respect copyright.PENANAjl8qHzxhN5
最正路嘅做法64Please respect copyright.PENANAOXqPJz2pwW
就係一有機會就攞cash旁身64Please respect copyright.PENANAn86ynbhprY
所以當中午一復市時64Please respect copyright.PENANAFg4QVEMCbx
所有人都湧去交易所64Please respect copyright.PENANAX4vRtaA2EP
務求以最快速度賣晒啲股票套現64Please respect copyright.PENANAvQt1RtIF4A
同時冇買股票又聽到消息嘅人64Please respect copyright.PENANAG7cM0Dv2zy
都湧去銀行提走所有現金做成擠提64Please respect copyright.PENANA7nnUebdZe0
一時間市場所有流動性枯竭64Please respect copyright.PENANACWvIw9WpWH
結果就連本身同Adolf間公司冇乜啦㨢嘅銀行同企業64Please respect copyright.PENANAhz4gb4ts4p
都因為資不抵債而債務違約64Please respect copyright.PENANAR4JWWDTa9E
維也納交易所喺前一日都仲有141間銀行掛牌64Please respect copyright.PENANAUWMtjtKbYQ
到咗呢日下晝1點提早收市時64Please respect copyright.PENANAht9bv6v44q
就只剩低廿間左右64Please respect copyright.PENANAsxGMFpRN7x
整體市值直接斬半64Please respect copyright.PENANAwvF8jRf3cq
維也納股票市場喺呢日全面崩潰64Please respect copyright.PENANAIrTBcrMRjv
而向隅者只好喺已經閂咗門嘅交易所前同警察跳番part舞啦64Please respect copyright.PENANATw3nwDnNat
可能你會諗“崩潰我有經驗~輸清光我未發癲”64Please respect copyright.PENANAFpHvTxodWv
股災又有咩好怕喎希望在明天吖嘛64Please respect copyright.PENANA2IlDQMesLX
係嘅64Please respect copyright.PENANAlVgdb6SyNq
呢啲金融風暴、金融海嘯真係同上帝一樣自有永有64Please respect copyright.PENANA61ueZthWD5
咩鬱金香狂熱呀南海公司泡沫呀密西西比事件呀咁64Please respect copyright.PENANALytj7Y2i5U
啲泡沫吹爆完一個後64Please respect copyright.PENANAesyhDSaxbw
隔一輪又吹脹另一個64Please respect copyright.PENANAh9teIdp8Vm
就算喺嗰個年代都已經唔係啲咩稀奇嘅事64Please respect copyright.PENANAlgZ2ioD9jH
不過今次有啲唔同64Please respect copyright.PENANAuBHQhMj87S
隨住電報嘅普及64Please respect copyright.PENANA9TN6owT9ei
唔同國家資本市場嘅距離變得越嚟越近64Please respect copyright.PENANAabxDUvkio5
而家就睇吓全球化64Please respect copyright.PENANAo8uVUwEdYJ
係點樣令呢次喺中歐嘅股災64Please respect copyright.PENANAtLBu0T4IBe
演變成整個歐美世界嘅經濟災難64Please respect copyright.PENANA5FSRTJpqhR首先講吓個時代背景先64Please respect copyright.PENANApJz1hy41xt
嗰時正值普法戰爭後德意志帝國建國初期64Please respect copyright.PENANABUeNTKHQ3F
法國因為法蘭克福條約而要賠款50億法朗畀德國64Please respect copyright.PENANAtOnAT4kWAo
德國政府就用呢啲錢嚟贖回之前發行嘅戰爭債券64Please respect copyright.PENANAtI4rfsGcLE
咁導致大量熱錢流入德國金融體系64Please respect copyright.PENANASIuUvCepgM
本身債券持有者急需為呢啲資金搵出路64Please respect copyright.PENANAm7g0I9NeiV
德國隔離嘅奧匈帝國睇中呢點64Please respect copyright.PENANAfty8QfZRZO
就大幅放寬金融市場嘅監管64Please respect copyright.PENANAEoPWYNSVuH
於是各色各樣嘅金融公司就如雨後春筍64Please respect copyright.PENANAHLG1aIxMuA
以各種名目去發行股票同債券集資64Please respect copyright.PENANARLqlGHwqez
好似投資匈牙利嘅小麥農場呀64Please respect copyright.PENANAn9Fku9WrtU
或者連接維也納至布達佩斯嘅鐵路呀64Please respect copyright.PENANARz6o1y46PW
甚至係啲只存在喺紙上嘅地產項目呀咁64Please respect copyright.PENANAtSavxxQbB1
咁好似上面咁講64Please respect copyright.PENANAi9NUqgBQVL
資本世界入面嘅國界64Please respect copyright.PENANADgtAN0bmPO
隨住通訊技術嘅改進而變得越嚟越模糊64Please respect copyright.PENANAR68pDSDekQ
作為當時生產力最強、資本最充裕嘅英國佬64Please respect copyright.PENANArCggATTYLR
當然就唔會執輸叉隻腳埋嚟啦64Please respect copyright.PENANAOTRQu5K40j
喺呢啲熱錢嘅炒作吓64Please respect copyright.PENANAp51m2aiCVb
維也納股市暴漲64Please respect copyright.PENANAPtqUdoQfP2
喺1873年64Please respect copyright.PENANAmnKwYgxeSJ
呢個吹波波遊戲終於到達高潮喇
喺呢年維也納舉辦世界博覽會64Please respect copyright.PENANAlvvvBYtUgV
作為皇帝法蘭茲約瑟夫一世登基25周年64Please respect copyright.PENANAZqR0XOgWsp
兼向世界展現奧匈已經喺奧普戰爭戰敗中復原嘅慶祝活動64Please respect copyright.PENANALctdIL4NCs
呢次全球矚目嘅盛事可謂不容有失64Please respect copyright.PENANAg6pmk7NF8K
自1870年贏得主辦權後64Please respect copyright.PENANA3fTTnLAUOQ
維也納到處都大興土木64Please respect copyright.PENANAHQYaasAu3H
地產項目變得相當興盛64Please respect copyright.PENANAsXhHRLAcF9
啲熱錢梗係唔會放過咁好嘅炒作理由啦64Please respect copyright.PENANAJe3or7tcfh
更多嘅資本引致更高嘅升幅64Please respect copyright.PENANAp8GIoM88Zn
而更高嘅升幅就吸引更多嘅資本64Please respect copyright.PENANArSmxbYWTxi
喺1873年頭到開幕前呢4個月間64Please respect copyright.PENANAgHNBdFaKbB
維也納股市升咗一倍64Please respect copyright.PENANAIRIYYIfP3V
啲奧地利佬就嚟可以喺博覽會上表演左腳踏右腳上太空喇64Please respect copyright.PENANA6V1CuW4Xzy
1873年維也納世博主場館Rotunda64Please respect copyright.PENANAWy1pLm3WGB
就咁睇相都覺得相當宏偉64Please respect copyright.PENANAOlgD8XyqXT不過可惜喺1937年一場大火中燒毀吖64Please respect copyright.PENANAso7u0IA624
唔係嘅話而家應該係遊客必到嘅景點
當然最後佢地冇上到太空啦64Please respect copyright.PENANAZhMS2Mmb2u
仲拖埋全世界落地獄㖭64Please respect copyright.PENANAMP8OjlYGMX
喺5月1號籌備已久嘅世界博覽會開幕64Please respect copyright.PENANA5zaoYImpPW
奧皇到場發表演說兼攞威64Please respect copyright.PENANA6W6cKUzQua
不過喺同一時間64Please respect copyright.PENANAMzbtgZx61w
當時奧匈最大嘅銀行奧地利信貸突然將股票戶口清空64Please respect copyright.PENANA3P7g5WWUDs
因為佢地判斷當世博開幕嘅一刻64Please respect copyright.PENANAFLDk4S30lg
就係音樂停止嘅時候喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAkZdF3VHonY
而家睇番呢個根本係自我實現嘅預言64Please respect copyright.PENANAjP3rArpqVG
因為咁做就會即時抽緊啲證券商嘅銀根64Please respect copyright.PENANAZWmbk6Sa6O
作為最大嘅證券商64Please respect copyright.PENANAWOOySOmEXT
Adolf喺玩咗幾日兩個蓋冚十個煲後64Please respect copyright.PENANAVdOuU727AT
終於頂唔順爆煲64Please respect copyright.PENANAQ8KDZe2xem
同時以英國資本為首嘅國際大孖沙64Please respect copyright.PENANAEdozpgduMQ
都畀呢次突如其來嘅股災殺個措手不及損手爛腳64Please respect copyright.PENANASFmB4K3PaG
為防自身資金鏈斷裂64Please respect copyright.PENANA4QEWlq6yxJ
佢地都開始喺歐美各主要市場減持甚至清倉64Please respect copyright.PENANAiAMqPtsQN0
以增加自己嘅頭寸64Please respect copyright.PENANA2qYjR87d9n
咁導致各大資本市場嘅銀根進一步收縮64Please respect copyright.PENANA458g0NyhjI
股價暴跌銀行擠提企業破產64Please respect copyright.PENANA2RAicwC0w5
就好似骨牌一樣64Please respect copyright.PENANAPeyVmprG64
以維也納為中心向全球擴散64Please respect copyright.PENANAWSe2v7KcoH
法蘭克福、巴黎、阿姆斯特丹、倫敦……64Please respect copyright.PENANA06zm7gPRIm
各地股市債市相繼崩潰64Please respect copyright.PENANAMEMc8h3okQ
甚至遠至紐約都受到波及64Please respect copyright.PENANAQK8tukLGWH9月18號美國最大嘅鐵路融資銀行Jay Cooke & Co64Please respect copyright.PENANAhZLyzt7zOt
因為冇晒歐洲買家買佢啲債券64Please respect copyright.PENANA433RcACdEw
還唔到一筆政府借貸而債務違約清盤64Please respect copyright.PENANA3X9MM5mbSy
啲人見到咁大間銀行都搞唔掂64Please respect copyright.PENANAlY2mAf30kE
都紛紛湧去各銀行提走所有錢64Please respect copyright.PENANAMK8U0uxwTk
兩日內有廿間銀行接連因擠提而破產64Please respect copyright.PENANADeTrvwLlhC
紐約交易所喺20號破天荒宣布停市10日64Please respect copyright.PENANADtoberpsnZ
咁自然就帶嚟更大嘅恐慌更嚴重嘅擠提啦64Please respect copyright.PENANASQzt7sT6DZ
喺跟住嗰一年64Please respect copyright.PENANAiuB5iPjweM
呢啲金融機構清盤所引發嘅連鎖反應64Please respect copyright.PENANANzyZt440bB
令全美國超過100間銀行同鐵路企業倒閉...64Please respect copyright.PENANAxKx4nt6BD4
…相信經歷過2008年金融海嘯嘅小朋友64Please respect copyright.PENANAD7oalZrw35
都會覺得有啲似曾相識64Please respect copyright.PENANAhdqVjxN3S4
冇錯64Please respect copyright.PENANAY2hSs8Xy9i
呢次被後世史學家稱為“1873年恐慌 ”嘅經濟災難64Please respect copyright.PENANAqvYS5cNW05
就係人類史上第一次因個別企業爆煲而引發嘅全球流動性危機64Please respect copyright.PENANAFmAXkPu2i8
1873年5月9號朝早64Please respect copyright.PENANAuUmb1MHiFi
就係嗰個年代嘅「雷曼時刻」喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAZw0vAlK1Xj
咁啱得咁橋64Please respect copyright.PENANAsFfEbkbOVj
呢對猶太兄弟同佢地個阿哥所創立嗰間雜貨舖兼投資銀行64Please respect copyright.PENANAGfAQFJMERq
喺呢次災難前察覺到鐵路同房地產市場嘅泡沫64Please respect copyright.PENANAff5MxFRh4Z
而專注做番農業融資得以避過一劫之餘64Please respect copyright.PENANAg4eiWMDvfz
再踩住佢啲同行條屍壯大64Please respect copyright.PENANAqncBzWyRN7
有咁嘅市場觸覺64Please respect copyright.PENANAXOmWkLvRLr
他朝必定可以叱吒風雲主宰全球金融64Please respect copyright.PENANAlyn6UHGD39…吖一時唔醒起佢地姓安信定華納定咩㖭
呢次災難嘅後遺症有好多64Please respect copyright.PENANAgurbmAUfbA
例如因為銀根緊繃息率急升64Please respect copyright.PENANAVaR2vZ42bv
令各行各業借貸成本暴漲64Please respect copyright.PENANACCd4H4uDeV
從而令大量民生企業倒閉失業率飆升64Please respect copyright.PENANAE5RmRVQtZv
引發歐美地區長達廿年嘅「長期蕭條」64Please respect copyright.PENANALlxhi3GCvC
(本來1873年呢次係叫「大蕭條」嘅直至畀1929年嗰次搶咗個名)又例如猶太人被德語報章描繪成貪婪嘅吸血鬼64Please respect copyright.PENANAr57ZRlEJID
利用各種虛假嘅投資項目同高利貸64Please respect copyright.PENANAPsesBPBhw7
榨取勤勞善良嘅工人辛苦勞動得嚟嘅血汗錢64Please respect copyright.PENANAw0w4IdluEy
從而引發德語地區新一輪嘅反猶太運動64Please respect copyright.PENANABXVKcMboO2
為日後希哥嘅「最終解決方案」奠定基礎等等64Please respect copyright.PENANAF0soiNkmmr不過呢啲都唔係今集要講嘅嘢64Please respect copyright.PENANAadQ7BceZrT
呢度我想講講呢次流動性危機64Please respect copyright.PENANAclp0AFCS2Q
係點樣誘使歐洲人去瓜分非洲
要知道喺嗰個金/銀本位嘅年代64Please respect copyright.PENANAoOPLU5Rl5e
錢唔係話憑一句“In aircraft carrier god we trust”就印到出嚟64Please respect copyright.PENANASCOMEYgkd6
而一個國家有幾多錢64Please respect copyright.PENANAqrTpUq8XHZ
就視乎佢嘅貿易順差有幾大喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAPrpHq5JOOc
最完美嘅情況64Please respect copyright.PENANA6d7aJoOi6F
就係你有足夠多足夠平嘅商品之餘64Please respect copyright.PENANASu1mirldvr
同時又冇需要進口其他國家嘅產品64Please respect copyright.PENANAkKCiQM8FvW
當時英國呢個日不落帝國64Please respect copyright.PENANARxSBMvCy7Z
就相當接近呢個情況喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAB9nz4w5KHR
喺漫長而又和平嘅19世紀64Please respect copyright.PENANAj0VGGc0LsR
英國憑藉強大嘅工業力量64Please respect copyright.PENANAMYDOj8FqaR
支撐住絕對優勢嘅海軍64Please respect copyright.PENANAxpDZbQl96P
喺世界各地建立起一個又一個嘅殖民地64Please respect copyright.PENANA851IGj044d
再由呢啲殖民地獲取各種廉價嘅工業原材料64Please respect copyright.PENANAtNb3N5bu7v
令自己嘅產品喺世界市場上得到無可比擬嘅成本優勢64Please respect copyright.PENANAOuCb8TQgkE
賺取更多嘅外匯64Please respect copyright.PENANAOCGw3YqoZj
從而建造更多更強嘅戰艦去霸佔更多嘅殖民地64Please respect copyright.PENANAHhBlssOFzD
形成牢不可破嘅正循環64Please respect copyright.PENANAHG9kTIpQZW
簡單嚟講64Please respect copyright.PENANA9aIdQl3gIW
重商主義嘅精粹64Please respect copyright.PENANAUjriu7KzBz
就係要獲取比對手多嘅資源(aka殖民地)喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAmKRF58JLJM
1870年嘅日不落帝國
重商主義
嗰時嘅英國就好似而家嘅美國一樣64Please respect copyright.PENANAn3cKp774JH
都係全球資本市場最主要嘅資金來源64Please respect copyright.PENANAemYiiubeoE
所以當維也納股災引致英國收水時64Please respect copyright.PENANA8e7LA3XTqq
全世界資本市場即時缺血64Please respect copyright.PENANAnihbd8nLoq
各國即時反應就梗係止血啦64Please respect copyright.PENANASjwr8e48pJ
要止血最直接就加係關稅64Please respect copyright.PENANAzsixEWAPu3
保護主義相繼喺各國抬頭64Please respect copyright.PENANA03ef1J5Q91
不過對啲冇乜資源嘅國家嚟講64Please respect copyright.PENANAU0xsJcDh6C
短期止到血啫64Please respect copyright.PENANAd6Zp0SvBsH
長期嘅話一樣營養不良64Please respect copyright.PENANAwP4HObloht
因為你加得關稅64Please respect copyright.PENANAi9oEnmKzOB
人地一樣加得64Please respect copyright.PENANAVFvhbA3jxA
你要入口工業生產所欠缺嘅原材料64Please respect copyright.PENANAZrgiO1FmR4
所繳交嘅關稅最終都會反映喺價格上64Please respect copyright.PENANAdzIzK6XqCZ
真係賺幾多都會畀人地啲關稅食晒64Please respect copyright.PENANAUlwX5n2XIZ
所以最根本解決流動性危機嘅方法64Please respect copyright.PENANAszdxspUeec
就係奪取更加多嘅殖民地64Please respect copyright.PENANANmtnAZam3B
而喺嗰時64Please respect copyright.PENANAcnFfeJDQTv
全球仲未畀歐洲勢力劃分嘅地方64Please respect copyright.PENANAuR0riLsi0u
就只有非洲內陸、太平洋啲山旮旯島嶼同南極洲64Please respect copyright.PENANAmg333K1xWk
加上自1850年代以嚟嘅尼羅河溯源之旅64Please respect copyright.PENANA5L2b66mH9Z
已經證實咗喺奎寧同格靈鎗嘅幫助下64Please respect copyright.PENANAyk3ZP9PTBj
歐洲人係可以征服非洲最可怕嘅密林同土著王國64Please respect copyright.PENANAvXLAEkEm3D
喺呢個前提之下64Please respect copyright.PENANAWPXmGLHAKA
《瓜分非洲》呢隻DLC就變得相當吸引64Please respect copyright.PENANAz3qUjMYsXk
於是各個舊玩家好似西班牙、葡萄牙、英國、法國64Please respect copyright.PENANAvEpiIS9E6r
以及新玩家好似德國、意大利同某個豆腐膶咁細嘅低地國國王64Please respect copyright.PENANAffT9IInl0t
都紛紛組織探險隊同遠征軍64Please respect copyright.PENANAIgspFd2VDW
務求快過對手一步64Please respect copyright.PENANAER7H0285Gm
奪取更多嘅殖民地64Please respect copyright.PENANAgT38bxbmwI
以喺呢個現代經濟模式中佔到先機64Please respect copyright.PENANABj29rZqlTk面對有足夠健康嘅士兵同格靈機鎗64Please respect copyright.PENANAQ6nv1c4WMc
無論係南非草原嘅祖魯戰士64Please respect copyright.PENANAmMwEiIUeQv
抑或係西非黃金海岸密林嘅阿散蒂叛軍64Please respect copyright.PENANAwfFFERVgsU
都喺一陣陣“突突突”聲中化成碎片64Please respect copyright.PENANAnfa5Qch7I3
1876年非洲嘅殖民地64Please respect copyright.PENANAeKjs3PBgnB
可以見到除咗法國喺北非嘅阿爾及利亞64Please respect copyright.PENANAWogL6fQ7bF
西非嘅塞內加爾64Please respect copyright.PENANAeaBYCoHQRf
英國喺南非嘅開普殖民地64Please respect copyright.PENANAZftMyvR7i5
以及葡萄牙嗰喺東非同西非嗰兩撻有名無實嘅殖民地外64Please respect copyright.PENANAsuAsEXsQRI
其他嘅都係細到不值一提64Please respect copyright.PENANAa4TsTiivdu
所有殖民地加埋都只有大約十份之一個非洲64Please respect copyright.PENANAWLAfpaFbWr
相對於同時期歐洲人已經全佔美洲同澳洲64Please respect copyright.PENANA7lHiJulkUk
亞洲亦都有一半以上嘅勢力落入歐洲人手中64Please respect copyright.PENANAOMI4Ro4zxC
殖民非洲的確係緩慢好多64Please respect copyright.PENANAK7gQVNsAl9
不過情況將會好快改變⋯⋯
64Please respect copyright.PENANAu7Kfy1VprV
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會留意到64Please respect copyright.PENANAjek5N2ausa
今次金融災難明明美國佬都舐晒嘢㗎喎64Please respect copyright.PENANArDJmf51quk
點解後來佢地又冇玩《瓜分非洲》呢64Please respect copyright.PENANAif5UEsJImJ
(除咗喺西非嗰撻自由黑鬼放養地64Please respect copyright.PENANAXfgnVFpcRL
之後都會講講關於呢班源自非洲嘅外來物種有趣嘅故事)64Please respect copyright.PENANA2QOZGApzKY
呢樣正正就係美國之所以為「天選之國」嘅原因喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAMmNsO3dXBH
美洲係好柒大好多資源嘅64Please respect copyright.PENANAOydaLjHDuX
地理上亦都離歐亞大陸好遠64Please respect copyright.PENANA4cccwWWxnm
與其山長水遠走去非洲同舊世界班老屎忽爭餅食64Please respect copyright.PENANACkozOfbYF0
不如留番喺度開發好過64Please respect copyright.PENANAYlweGlsrVB
所以美國立國以嚟個發展方向都係向西64Please respect copyright.PENANALljnrY2I9s
由大西洋一路去到太平洋64Please respect copyright.PENANA8ZrvWadga9
再將太平洋變成自己個私家泳池64Please respect copyright.PENANAjQ4sRk6Wqq
成就出新一代舉世無雙嘅海洋霸權64Please respect copyright.PENANA6piHLo2twL
呢啲就係美國自我實現嘅「昭昭天命」(Manifest Destiny)喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAqtVUZm4oSM
哥倫比亞女神右手攞住科學左手拉起電報線64Please respect copyright.PENANA6XXwEG0u9J
引領拓荒者將光明由東邊帶往西部64Please respect copyright.PENANARf8bxbkKrD
留意番幅圖左邊啲印第安人係走住屌嘅
不過玩咗幾年啲列強就開始覺得有啲唔對路喇64Please respect copyright.PENANArEgLI0xSPk
係呀面對啲揸住長矛牛皮盾嘅黑鬼64Please respect copyright.PENANAU0fkPNWg3B
梗係冇問題啦64Please respect copyright.PENANARPP308E3BL
不過玩到咁上緊64Please respect copyright.PENANADZdVYAeuMn
實會同其他玩家嘅領地有交接㗎喎64Please respect copyright.PENANAR51VIymXyH
嗰度山長水遠到時有咩爭拗衝突都幾麻煩64Please respect copyright.PENANAPyknD0ydRa
究竟點樣先為之有效佔領擁有咗某個地方呢?64Please respect copyright.PENANAnzVHHCfoGJ
領地內嘅河流係咪可以獨家使用定要同隔離分享呢?64Please respect copyright.PENANAq27JBkGV07
呢啲問題隨住剛果盆地嘅爭議而浮上枱面64Please respect copyright.PENANAYMGd114lOH
──1880年法國探險家皮耶・布拉柴搶先一步喺剛果河北岸建立布拉柴維爾64Please respect copyright.PENANA1UWrYEChqE
當時比利時國王利奧波德二世隻馬仔亨利・史坦利見到唔對路64Please respect copyright.PENANACX1BB9Jfv0
就嗱嗱臨喺對岸起咗個以佢老細嚟命名嘅哨站仔(利奧波德維爾,即係而家嘅金沙薩)64Please respect copyright.PENANAhj0ba0J4xg
以阻止法國佬南下64Please respect copyright.PENANAlluiKIfWHn
由此引發咗一連串嘅領土同航行權爭議64Please respect copyright.PENANAUHfpepz9uQ
世上相距最近嘅首都(唔計羅馬同梵蒂岡)64Please respect copyright.PENANATVvG7OXDpI
直線距離唔夠3公里64Please respect copyright.PENANApBH8WSlBIP
不過最意想不到嘅64Please respect copyright.PENANALTRq6WypAl
係竟然有飛機航班來往呢兩個城市64Please respect copyright.PENANAM8no8MISX6
全程唔使5分鐘
歐洲佬對呢啲殖民地領土爭議並唔陌生64Please respect copyright.PENANAIpaJ5f3FXR
其實免得過嘅話佢地都唔想為呢啲殖民地打仗64Please respect copyright.PENANAA9JH45vO2K
好似西班牙同葡萄牙簽署嘅《托爾德西里亞斯條約》同《薩拉戈薩條約》64Please respect copyright.PENANATjvDiWXqIT
就令呢兩個世仇唔使為爭奪全球嘅殖民地而大動干戈64Please respect copyright.PENANAjZ0NotMiLa不過今次咁多玩家一齊喺同一個地方玩嘅話64Please respect copyright.PENANADkHFmUNOqS
所牽涉利益嘅複雜性64Please respect copyright.PENANA49L4Apfsry
就唔係呢啲雙邊條約可以處理到喇64Please respect copyright.PENANAnL67D04Nu6
佢地急需坐埋一齊研究吓64Please respect copyright.PENANAPCNkXlRbnc
呢隻《瓜分非洲》64Please respect copyright.PENANAw799Helloo
究竟要有啲咩遊戲規則...64Please respect copyright.PENANAkvyU3iYbAt
.64Please respect copyright.PENANABxkkjnlosR
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAXSHUoHT6ue
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAm7movDbFeB
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAHfIffohEF8
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAQVA6bZgapF
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAby0282XOiv
.64Please respect copyright.PENANA6fgv29inyJ
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAHS5tNxFful
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAXoJ5sOp3GD
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAlNgDIqgLED
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAAXnjShYeMM
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAz9pzkU6vge
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAR3Erh6Stqf
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAEY8EPVRiWG
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAFq7yvcxNHm
.64Please respect copyright.PENANA4plvQlD1NV
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAvzmMz6M2y5
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAP4i1zI8Q5M
.64Please respect copyright.PENANARpkojXlXqx
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAod2wJPiQTR
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAu29w31XyIG
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAX09LlxztmB
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAYKAfAqFhP9
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAhB5AMl7a4n
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAdY47TU4Xkk
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAzTNW7hi9SC
.64Please respect copyright.PENANAYtenyxCbgy
.64Please respect copyright.PENANArTlHNc5OXH
.64Please respect copyright.PENANA4FEqmdPDTS
.64Please respect copyright.PENANANIQ5o3Zp9K
64Please respect copyright.PENANAThmAyQZFc0
…唔使咁急喎64Please respect copyright.PENANAHJgXrtJJnL
食埋件餅先慢慢傾啦64Please respect copyright.PENANAimvv88Pd3r下一集《柏林盛宴》64Please respect copyright.PENANAh7jOLCHDtv
就會講吓呢個喺後世惡名昭彰嘅柏林會議64Please respect copyright.PENANAfazGCsPeAU
當中嘅來龍去脈喇