
今集講講呢隻來自南美、名叫奎寧嘅蝴蝶100Please respect copyright.PENANAt5x3KXKmf4
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴100Please respect copyright.PENANASDCmT8R2ra
當初歐洲佬唔係笨撚柒100Please respect copyright.PENANANlMZMhy7Ae
佢地當然知道直接殖民非洲100Please respect copyright.PENANA6aaZBYxApI
係可以減省好多運輸奴隸嘅開支啦100Please respect copyright.PENANALsCuuy7U0V
事實上佢地一早就佔領晒非洲外圍嘅群島100Please respect copyright.PENANAuJxJLoJRHQ
並喺嗰度利用黑奴建立起一個個嘅種植園100Please respect copyright.PENANAMQxLT5k3Aa
規模仲相當之大100Please respect copyright.PENANAJCzvTKH3Gu
好似葡萄牙喺畿內亞灣嘅聖多美普林西比100Please respect copyright.PENANAK7QTEmLE2M
喺16世紀就曾經係世上最大嘅產糖地100Please respect copyright.PENANA1m4t7SAr0m
(以重量計喺嗰時蔗糖同黃金係等值)100Please respect copyright.PENANAxxgdLpvQjJ
聖多美普林西比(São Tomé and Príncipe)
不過同呢啲渺無人煙嘅外島相比100Please respect copyright.PENANAjK4hu108Mv
非洲內陸就完全係另一回事喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAHWDq5wuNZV
對白人嚟講100Please respect copyright.PENANAdmFzbPZHWt
撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅叢林地帶100Please respect copyright.PENANAbqjVwJ7DuG
自古以來就係九死一生嘅毒龍潭100Please respect copyright.PENANA66pxAn7Gjg呢片被稱為“黑非洲”嘅雨林100Please respect copyright.PENANAdHJCzUHqtq
古時就已經被認為係不可逾越嘅蠻荒之地100Please respect copyright.PENANApSDsN2H9eZ
古希臘歷史學家希羅多德就曾經記載100Please respect copyright.PENANAV8IoNR8Eo7
喺公元前530年100Please respect copyright.PENANAOW98obqTMd
當時地上最強、啱啱征服咗埃及嘅波斯王岡比西斯二世100Please respect copyright.PENANAx2qf48DM2P
佢派去探索呢個世界盡頭嘅遠征軍100Please respect copyright.PENANAJu7K5zW76e
仗都未打就喺征途死咗一半人被迫折返100Please respect copyright.PENANANGrGcFpPGv
另外古羅馬曾經4次派遠征軍橫越撒哈拉100Please respect copyright.PENANAl8BA009mLt
最後都係冇辦法穿越呢片浩瀚無垠嘅密林100Please respect copyright.PENANAfBGsmncpaY
派入去偵察嘅斥候全部都有去冇回100Please respect copyright.PENANAxHHXTjZzNE
原因就係以瘧疾為首嘅各種熱帶疾病100Please respect copyright.PENANA0akWq3Soj8
希羅多德喺佢本《歷史》所描述嘅世界100Please respect copyright.PENANAgHWSZcfrgS
要留意撒哈拉沙漠以南嗰個(Æthiopes)唔係而家嗰個埃塞俄比亞100Please respect copyright.PENANAnmm1qgCZJS
呢個字古希臘文解“燒燶咗塊面”100Please respect copyright.PENANAkDBBQ6O5hA
係指撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅非洲100Please respect copyright.PENANAcZP182XDzc
古希臘啲仆街仔諗嘢都真係幾撚地獄100Please respect copyright.PENANAOstUHA7p2K羅馬嗰4次遠征路線圖100Please respect copyright.PENANAPzir58rjMo
雖然最後都係探索唔到非洲內陸嘅情況100Please respect copyright.PENANAS4grDhNj0B
不過呢幾次都為日後橫撒哈拉貿易奠定基礎100Please respect copyright.PENANAE9RWVigcH3
成就出之後風光一時嘅土著貿易王國100Please respect copyright.PENANA6dnHnVgsyk一度興盛嘅橫撒哈拉貿易王國100Please respect copyright.PENANAwNzs6Tshnz
其中以Mansa Musa呢位一路去麥加朝聖100Please respect copyright.PENANA28YS604UHZ
一路派金粒100Please respect copyright.PENANAqVbo4bXN3A
派到引發沿途地區嚴重通貨膨脹嘅馬里國王最為著名100Please respect copyright.PENANAStAqH8qd0I
不過呢啲財雄勢大嘅駱駝商旅100Please respect copyright.PENANA4pLbtnVdta
最後都係畀大航海時代帶嚟嘅海洋貿易所取代
呢啲病對歐洲人嚟講係魔咒100Please respect copyright.PENANAJCwGduU4hM
但係對世居於呢片密林嘅黑鬼嚟講呢100Please respect copyright.PENANARfPv4c7dgf
就係護身符喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAURhgUuhDef
(有興趣嘅小朋友可以搵吓地中海貧血症、蠶豆症同瘧疾嘅關係)100Please respect copyright.PENANALw6p0HLhnV
正因為咁100Please respect copyright.PENANAuSvwun6cy7
歐洲人對非洲內陸100Please respect copyright.PENANA9MhNixuC4Z
尤其係中非剛果盆地100Please respect copyright.PENANA8ZAcDvqgGw
係一無所知100Please respect copyright.PENANAEBG8qm05lD
一路以嚟所有嘗試深入剛果河流域嘅探險100Please respect copyright.PENANAGDHB0ZBikM
都係以災難收場100Please respect copyright.PENANAfQ9moEdBn9
好似喺1542年100Please respect copyright.PENANAfdsLMKph01
第一個發現剛果河口嘅歐洲人100Please respect copyright.PENANAy2qfdxiEs0
葡萄牙航海家Diogo Cão100Please respect copyright.PENANAJ7C6YY4Bku
就係喺試圖探索內陸時病死喺河邊100Please respect copyright.PENANA7bDCb5WPum
對嗰時嘅歐洲人嚟講100Please respect copyright.PENANAiu9g4S3rH9
佔領非洲本土代價實在太大100Please respect copyright.PENANA2nydN3uyTZ
與其嘥人力物力喺非洲內陸建立殖民地100Please respect copyright.PENANA3dOpdcSxj6
不如同啲土著王國做貿易好過100Please respect copyright.PENANAzug9RfD5pZ
以葡萄牙為例100Please respect copyright.PENANAmMSZTAaodd
喺見識過剛果雨林嘅殘酷同當地巴剛果王國嘅強大後100Please respect copyright.PENANABXV9ueEryj
葡萄牙就決定喺剛果河口南岸較為乾燥嘅草原100Please respect copyright.PENANA8dNVefEuOj
建立貿易站100Please respect copyright.PENANAvZBt6xjWcC
以教育、宗教同鎗炮100Please respect copyright.PENANAjA717lFsP1
嚟同呢個土著王國換取戰俘作奴隸喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAROVDFOowzK
剛果河南岸嘅葡屬安哥拉
剛果國王阿方索一世喺1517年6月8號寫畀葡萄牙國王曼紐一世嘅信100Please respect copyright.PENANA0UVEEYkhI2
向佢呢位主內弟兄請求提供教會禮儀器具100Please respect copyright.PENANARWJWqPh1ri
(以面積計剛果王國係當時世上最大嘅大公教國家)
去到近代100Please respect copyright.PENANAOvUQjCZIKd
就算係船堅炮利嘅英國佬100Please respect copyright.PENANAvNzAVNxMCe
情況都唔好得幾多100Please respect copyright.PENANAjzYU8xeSCK
好似喺1816年有個叫James Tuckey嘅英國海軍上校100Please respect copyright.PENANAX2fiUbd1OM
組織咗隊探險隊尋找剛果河源頭100Please respect copyright.PENANAmkWVkR0K5h
結果由河口上溯唔夠100公里100Please respect copyright.PENANAyf7kBAVH0f
54個隊員入面就病死咗21個100Please respect copyright.PENANAWH6werdP2l
包括佢自己100Please respect copyright.PENANAtmh5nUV4Nj
所以直至19世紀中葉100Please respect copyright.PENANAMCjyt3VCVt
中南非洲仍然係呢個地理大發現時代入面最大嘅迷團100Please respect copyright.PENANAclZyJlmLf3
Tuckey上校用生命所畫嘅剛果河口地型圖
1850年非洲地圖100Please respect copyright.PENANAuHESD9HHN5
留意番中間橙黃色個“ETHIOPIA”唔係而家嗰個100Please respect copyright.PENANAJueCkw2JrE
呢度借用嚟標示非洲中部呢大片未探索之地100Please respect copyright.PENANARJG2FwZSzG
(嗰時埃塞俄比亞個英文名係Abyssinia, 由阿拉伯文翻譯過嚟)100Please respect copyright.PENANA95PGqomt66
不過奎寧普及後情況就唔同晒喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAB2kS3yoNsF
歐洲人喺非洲嘅生存率得以大大提升100Please respect copyright.PENANAWu3q5XazDj
隨住人命成本降低100Please respect copyright.PENANAak96ziOJtQ
探索非洲雨林嘅門檻100Please respect copyright.PENANATr3LfNHw7g
已經下降到可以接受嘅水平100Please respect copyright.PENANAtIn6K8zKCU
喺1850年代開始100Please respect copyright.PENANAL2m9Z2a0iK
歐美各國政府、地理學會以至私人企業100Please respect copyright.PENANALC4j9U1eGG
紛紛組織探險隊100Please respect copyright.PENANAIEK7Ubnh5I
務求搶先其他人一步100Please respect copyright.PENANA0EpnsZ03Wd
尋找失落喺中非密林嘅嗰幾塊拼圖100Please respect copyright.PENANAB5lOOFA1mI
其中最積極嘅100Please respect copyright.PENANAoN3IfVG5Ey
就係正處於維多利亞時期嘅英國喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAiXYfN4OnFr當時所缺嗰幾塊拼圖100Please respect copyright.PENANAfc2zbG3Txm
分別係:100Please respect copyright.PENANAkJRyUs32ru
1.尼羅河源頭100Please respect copyright.PENANALwuns2h2X4
2.傳說中浩瀚如海嘅中非淡水湖100Please respect copyright.PENANAoztMzyPqah
3.剛果盆地100Please respect copyright.PENANA5u9OlzQ2mX
跟住落嚟嗰卅幾年100Please respect copyright.PENANAdbYlEXKqDG
喺一個阿拉伯奴隸主嘅協助下100Please respect copyright.PENANAOMHIcpmaVH
憑住五個英國佬、一個斯拉夫白女奴以及無數黑奴轎夫嘅努力同犧牲100Please respect copyright.PENANAJ2PfzCrPNR
掩蓋中非嘅嗰片戰爭迷霧逐漸消退100Please respect copyright.PENANAEq50eJBrBN
《大航海時代》最終DLC《瓜分非洲》終於上線喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAzwYJzdxnzJ
1880年代非洲地圖100Please respect copyright.PENANAht9F52w89f
對比番1850年嗰幅地圖100Please respect copyright.PENANANkeNeJnboA
尼羅河同剛果河流域基本上已經被探索100Please respect copyright.PENANAVfAj6jPRdi
再唔係被標示為“ETHIOPIA”喇
呢卅幾年嘅中非探險歷史100Please respect copyright.PENANAi0nCjHHOWb
所牽涉嘅人同佢地之間嘅恩怨情仇100Please respect copyright.PENANAkz7yerD4OH
的確相當引人入勝──100Please respect copyright.PENANAUJ325R1vfO
一個借探險之名研究各地性愛風俗嘅性書大亨100Please respect copyright.PENANAg8hO9QMsJs
一個因個人臆測而引發後世幾場大屠殺嘅軍佬100Please respect copyright.PENANA8GLnVDnY7U
一個濟世為懷但又志大才疏嘅醫生/傳教士100Please respect copyright.PENANAVmRBZ7jxSI
一個為名利而不擇手段、甘願為惡龍做事嘅記者100Please respect copyright.PENANAUVBTGNb1lt
一個喺巴爾幹同鄂圖曼總督爭女嘅二世祖100Please respect copyright.PENANAYk5HSY5On2
同一個持家賢慧但又驍勇凶悍嘅白女奴100Please respect copyright.PENANArMbMTLNl4Z
仲有一個喺暗中操縱一切、憑藉探險熱潮乘勢而起但又被一切反噬嘅阿拉伯奴隸主100Please respect copyright.PENANAPLCni7jeiZ
──用呢啲性格鮮明、經歷獨特嘅歷史人物寫嘅故事100Please respect copyright.PENANA7iywpR05G1
我諗都會相當有趣100Please respect copyright.PENANAaRwZJjg0Q7
不過礙於篇幅所限100Please respect copyright.PENANAD0qIZ1DjFT
我就唔喺度一一展開喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAy5Sg57nsgL
(除咗講盧旺達大屠殺嗰陣會提一提嗰個性書大亨同個軍佬)100Please respect copyright.PENANAgg02m6910x
可能或者有機會第日得閒開多篇嚟講吓啦吓
喺講啲列強點樣喺非洲玩到high翻天之前100Please respect copyright.PENANAmSFSlUXHz6
首先要講講佢地瓜分非洲嘅誘因100Please respect copyright.PENANAJ9BPzCxMdD
一切要由一場股災講起100Please respect copyright.PENANA7X5Gd4EAVC
而家就睇吓呢日發生咗啲咩事100Please respect copyright.PENANAPw4MZqWgdl
搞到丁生咁好興致一家人齊齊整整上天台睇日落100Please respect copyright.PENANAndMd5z9HEX
1873年5月9號星期五朝早100Please respect copyright.PENANAPF6B65Qfhl
維也納有個叫Adolf Petschek嘅猶太佬100Please respect copyright.PENANAytaCQwLjEV
向法院申請將佢間公司破產100Please respect copyright.PENANARJlB5fkxt0
呢條友並唔係普通嘅阿茂阿壽100Please respect copyright.PENANAZVLR3iaxH1
佢檔嘢係當時奧匈帝國以至整個中歐最大嘅證券商100Please respect copyright.PENANAHf6pIa5HbS
一間咁有影響力嘅企業破產100Please respect copyright.PENANA1vHbYWrw4R
必然會引起市場動盪100Please respect copyright.PENANANsSWCSBisa
於是維也納交易所決定暫時休市100Please respect copyright.PENANASxAM6mvdqF
咁就仆街喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAzezuGoDzUV
喺嗰個資訊唔流通嘅年代100Please respect copyright.PENANA6FEocPmxus
停市嘅原因係冇辦法即時通知市場上所有參與者100Please respect copyright.PENANAADAXx1iKfD
一時間謠言滿天飛100Please respect copyright.PENANAvFi9k2ry8G
人喺恐慌下100Please respect copyright.PENANABFEUEGoH4K
最正路嘅做法100Please respect copyright.PENANAOmmHoEK6bT
就係一有機會就攞cash旁身100Please respect copyright.PENANAW6XBJeGFLr
所以當中午一復市時100Please respect copyright.PENANAuETRWyBZAm
所有人都湧去交易所100Please respect copyright.PENANAvco0KumnIO
務求以最快速度賣晒啲股票套現100Please respect copyright.PENANAYnMKWetziL
同時冇買股票又聽到消息嘅人100Please respect copyright.PENANAV42wloTlHb
都湧去銀行提走所有現金做成擠提100Please respect copyright.PENANAIVra2YxIlR
一時間市場所有流動性枯竭100Please respect copyright.PENANADQrEi6e7sS
結果就連本身同Adolf間公司冇乜啦㨢嘅銀行同企業100Please respect copyright.PENANAlNcLOGC4o6
都因為資不抵債而債務違約100Please respect copyright.PENANAThDUbkqR0P
維也納交易所喺前一日都仲有141間銀行掛牌100Please respect copyright.PENANAEHsNeTDTIb
到咗呢日下晝1點提早收市時100Please respect copyright.PENANAbBNqTaRdG5
就只剩低廿間左右100Please respect copyright.PENANAEBD1HKksuG
整體市值直接斬半100Please respect copyright.PENANA8J4HscTqko
維也納股票市場喺呢日全面崩潰100Please respect copyright.PENANAsc1890ycbz
而向隅者只好喺已經閂咗門嘅交易所前同警察跳番part舞啦100Please respect copyright.PENANAjgiIuCiG8Z
可能你會諗“崩潰我有經驗~輸清光我未發癲”100Please respect copyright.PENANA0WWF3MJoMA
股災又有咩好怕喎希望在明天吖嘛100Please respect copyright.PENANAqaYTgg2fDg
係嘅100Please respect copyright.PENANAEAfIo7M3dD
呢啲金融風暴、金融海嘯真係同上帝一樣自有永有100Please respect copyright.PENANATKUiDV7NhT
咩鬱金香狂熱呀南海公司泡沫呀密西西比事件呀咁100Please respect copyright.PENANAsk9dFqZGnX
啲泡沫吹爆完一個後100Please respect copyright.PENANA3uwBr2FYUD
隔一輪又吹脹另一個100Please respect copyright.PENANAthuAiqMTWT
就算喺嗰個年代都已經唔係啲咩稀奇嘅事100Please respect copyright.PENANAcYbYNSxLEL
不過今次有啲唔同100Please respect copyright.PENANAKhbBR827IO
隨住電報嘅普及100Please respect copyright.PENANAAdFq9JNjlV
唔同國家資本市場嘅距離變得越嚟越近100Please respect copyright.PENANAUBIVBu96CO
而家就睇吓全球化100Please respect copyright.PENANAx4NRGW4Max
係點樣令呢次喺中歐嘅股災100Please respect copyright.PENANAKET6Vwz9aw
演變成整個歐美世界嘅經濟災難100Please respect copyright.PENANALa8TJGA89T首先講吓個時代背景先100Please respect copyright.PENANAyX2MWBSNbp
嗰時正值普法戰爭後德意志帝國建國初期100Please respect copyright.PENANA4nBYTIRoXI
法國因為法蘭克福條約而要賠款50億法朗畀德國100Please respect copyright.PENANAABs0ABNBRK
德國政府就用呢啲錢嚟贖回之前發行嘅戰爭債券100Please respect copyright.PENANADhsp3r9wgC
咁導致大量熱錢流入德國金融體系100Please respect copyright.PENANAZqq9lY2s0V
本身債券持有者急需為呢啲資金搵出路100Please respect copyright.PENANAuc8aigJxNy
德國隔離嘅奧匈帝國睇中呢點100Please respect copyright.PENANAJZ4Jqpuf7I
就大幅放寬金融市場嘅監管100Please respect copyright.PENANAv70KJTUUp5
於是各色各樣嘅金融公司就如雨後春筍100Please respect copyright.PENANA8byQYWJmKV
以各種名目去發行股票同債券集資100Please respect copyright.PENANATDC3MKtXXi
好似投資匈牙利嘅小麥農場呀100Please respect copyright.PENANARIZYhNjXtm
或者連接維也納至布達佩斯嘅鐵路呀100Please respect copyright.PENANAOzrYvtqdJC
甚至係啲只存在喺紙上嘅地產項目呀咁100Please respect copyright.PENANAQ3zx7vDrzn
咁好似上面咁講100Please respect copyright.PENANATq7zZEUz2R
資本世界入面嘅國界100Please respect copyright.PENANAbC8CQAYtQF
隨住通訊技術嘅改進而變得越嚟越模糊100Please respect copyright.PENANAzTWUMkt1dz
作為當時生產力最強、資本最充裕嘅英國佬100Please respect copyright.PENANAlljH43DmZT
當然就唔會執輸叉隻腳埋嚟啦100Please respect copyright.PENANA5o5NHyZ8FY
喺呢啲熱錢嘅炒作吓100Please respect copyright.PENANAZ9nsxMPoZs
維也納股市暴漲100Please respect copyright.PENANAlg4qaujsPE
喺1873年100Please respect copyright.PENANAHe3WrftPfE
呢個吹波波遊戲終於到達高潮喇
喺呢年維也納舉辦世界博覽會100Please respect copyright.PENANAaCKo6e0LEd
作為皇帝法蘭茲約瑟夫一世登基25周年100Please respect copyright.PENANAk2Co1nMwSu
兼向世界展現奧匈已經喺奧普戰爭戰敗中復原嘅慶祝活動100Please respect copyright.PENANAGCoc6n3PMG
呢次全球矚目嘅盛事可謂不容有失100Please respect copyright.PENANAmxQBX6g14q
自1870年贏得主辦權後100Please respect copyright.PENANAbImV008bou
維也納到處都大興土木100Please respect copyright.PENANAePgouZ3Rf1
地產項目變得相當興盛100Please respect copyright.PENANAm7WTS5clxJ
啲熱錢梗係唔會放過咁好嘅炒作理由啦100Please respect copyright.PENANACNEo1BB5Q3
更多嘅資本引致更高嘅升幅100Please respect copyright.PENANA0xMmcG4jxR
而更高嘅升幅就吸引更多嘅資本100Please respect copyright.PENANAvSpqJzsBGV
喺1873年頭到開幕前呢4個月間100Please respect copyright.PENANAVFWyglOhxu
維也納股市升咗一倍100Please respect copyright.PENANAxvvpPsVOs2
啲奧地利佬就嚟可以喺博覽會上表演左腳踏右腳上太空喇100Please respect copyright.PENANA996zJSWkFu
1873年維也納世博主場館Rotunda100Please respect copyright.PENANAZnAvIFuNbJ
就咁睇相都覺得相當宏偉100Please respect copyright.PENANApZ4ocWQlIM不過可惜喺1937年一場大火中燒毀吖100Please respect copyright.PENANA27ANePvd0C
唔係嘅話而家應該係遊客必到嘅景點
當然最後佢地冇上到太空啦100Please respect copyright.PENANAHLL1qXEtA4
仲拖埋全世界落地獄㖭100Please respect copyright.PENANApBsuwTNPhL
喺5月1號籌備已久嘅世界博覽會開幕100Please respect copyright.PENANAhBSxVkspzu
奧皇到場發表演說兼攞威100Please respect copyright.PENANAEiWfB4lUqc
不過喺同一時間100Please respect copyright.PENANAaZSAlN6XzI
當時奧匈最大嘅銀行奧地利信貸突然將股票戶口清空100Please respect copyright.PENANA6MOJ1SaqNo
因為佢地判斷當世博開幕嘅一刻100Please respect copyright.PENANAaHqVKBsLcg
就係音樂停止嘅時候喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAhQAqU0EL8p
而家睇番呢個根本係自我實現嘅預言100Please respect copyright.PENANAKnSqDUmlWd
因為咁做就會即時抽緊啲證券商嘅銀根100Please respect copyright.PENANAmLGAXJ8c2O
作為最大嘅證券商100Please respect copyright.PENANALmidE4mZQa
Adolf喺玩咗幾日兩個蓋冚十個煲後100Please respect copyright.PENANAEo8vn4nuxD
終於頂唔順爆煲100Please respect copyright.PENANAWf8gDbkI4m
同時以英國資本為首嘅國際大孖沙100Please respect copyright.PENANAe6gEMpO1Mf
都畀呢次突如其來嘅股災殺個措手不及損手爛腳100Please respect copyright.PENANAgJ8uQZkvoN
為防自身資金鏈斷裂100Please respect copyright.PENANA05GgaNv7iQ
佢地都開始喺歐美各主要市場減持甚至清倉100Please respect copyright.PENANA66cNU0ikD8
以增加自己嘅頭寸100Please respect copyright.PENANAtVeV03KK5N
咁導致各大資本市場嘅銀根進一步收縮100Please respect copyright.PENANA9Mq6Wl19k0
股價暴跌銀行擠提企業破產100Please respect copyright.PENANA7KBjOFuV7I
就好似骨牌一樣100Please respect copyright.PENANAmApparj6OS
以維也納為中心向全球擴散100Please respect copyright.PENANAEr91vdGjCI
法蘭克福、巴黎、阿姆斯特丹、倫敦……100Please respect copyright.PENANAmZPNGUczG2
各地股市債市相繼崩潰100Please respect copyright.PENANA7YJjFknvaZ
甚至遠至紐約都受到波及100Please respect copyright.PENANAHHM7XAZIa39月18號美國最大嘅鐵路融資銀行Jay Cooke & Co100Please respect copyright.PENANAZVr8pdjLYz
因為冇晒歐洲買家買佢啲債券100Please respect copyright.PENANAP573cYMHKi
還唔到一筆政府借貸而債務違約清盤100Please respect copyright.PENANAc8wAi2IQC5
啲人見到咁大間銀行都搞唔掂100Please respect copyright.PENANA9YKsoAWJlx
都紛紛湧去各銀行提走所有錢100Please respect copyright.PENANA8bm2mQHD0X
兩日內有廿間銀行接連因擠提而破產100Please respect copyright.PENANAew9OdKH6YM
紐約交易所喺20號破天荒宣布停市10日100Please respect copyright.PENANAKugkK2QYZG
咁自然就帶嚟更大嘅恐慌更嚴重嘅擠提啦100Please respect copyright.PENANAlwpNHpdv7X
喺跟住嗰一年100Please respect copyright.PENANAyG5OBeWln5
呢啲金融機構清盤所引發嘅連鎖反應100Please respect copyright.PENANAoDxBo1F00d
令全美國超過100間銀行同鐵路企業倒閉...100Please respect copyright.PENANADqBEx5rZeY
…相信經歷過2008年金融海嘯嘅小朋友100Please respect copyright.PENANA4RUiqvJs6d
都會覺得有啲似曾相識100Please respect copyright.PENANAGpuUEqmXEI
冇錯100Please respect copyright.PENANAsn1cY6Awj6
呢次被後世史學家稱為“1873年恐慌 ”嘅經濟災難100Please respect copyright.PENANALfKWYMF9QK
就係人類史上第一次因個別企業爆煲而引發嘅全球流動性危機100Please respect copyright.PENANA7DkMIvrUrC
1873年5月9號朝早100Please respect copyright.PENANAl0MDM6zawA
就係嗰個年代嘅「雷曼時刻」喇100Please respect copyright.PENANA94LMGu2352
咁啱得咁橋100Please respect copyright.PENANAlPNVEPJzIc
呢對猶太兄弟同佢地個阿哥所創立嗰間雜貨舖兼投資銀行100Please respect copyright.PENANAKmmu0FMoDE
喺呢次災難前察覺到鐵路同房地產市場嘅泡沫100Please respect copyright.PENANAgnogq5pWqw
而專注做番農業融資得以避過一劫之餘100Please respect copyright.PENANAVdWqUbmVC4
再踩住佢啲同行條屍壯大100Please respect copyright.PENANA9LXNBqNvUY
有咁嘅市場觸覺100Please respect copyright.PENANAD6hjZwvfEt
他朝必定可以叱吒風雲主宰全球金融100Please respect copyright.PENANAU3Vq9r2bpI…吖一時唔醒起佢地姓安信定華納定咩㖭
呢次災難嘅後遺症有好多100Please respect copyright.PENANA6Xkn1SvRzl
例如因為銀根緊繃息率急升100Please respect copyright.PENANAEt11cx5xDE
令各行各業借貸成本暴漲100Please respect copyright.PENANAWHqRExPPEG
從而令大量民生企業倒閉失業率飆升100Please respect copyright.PENANAYdLhCFTzxg
引發歐美地區長達廿年嘅「長期蕭條」100Please respect copyright.PENANAbWwq9ofym5
(本來1873年呢次係叫「大蕭條」嘅直至畀1929年嗰次搶咗個名)又例如猶太人被德語報章描繪成貪婪嘅吸血鬼100Please respect copyright.PENANAbig11TtZlZ
利用各種虛假嘅投資項目同高利貸100Please respect copyright.PENANAJ78AaW1eO5
榨取勤勞善良嘅工人辛苦勞動得嚟嘅血汗錢100Please respect copyright.PENANAMkGjUY0WVY
從而引發德語地區新一輪嘅反猶太運動100Please respect copyright.PENANApYJZuZKaxr
為日後希哥嘅「最終解決方案」奠定基礎等等100Please respect copyright.PENANAG75GExx6wi不過呢啲都唔係今集要講嘅嘢100Please respect copyright.PENANAV37a7Xggpr
呢度我想講講呢次流動性危機100Please respect copyright.PENANAiUiAKFAguj
係點樣誘使歐洲人去瓜分非洲
要知道喺嗰個金/銀本位嘅年代100Please respect copyright.PENANAOco1IOHHAD
錢唔係話憑一句“In aircraft carrier god we trust”就印到出嚟100Please respect copyright.PENANAnkjM2UTTEP
而一個國家有幾多錢100Please respect copyright.PENANAbRijTLTyDV
就視乎佢嘅貿易順差有幾大喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAmGaTAeRa9R
最完美嘅情況100Please respect copyright.PENANAMiRz1HPBLb
就係你有足夠多足夠平嘅商品之餘100Please respect copyright.PENANAejQlZbDra6
同時又冇需要進口其他國家嘅產品100Please respect copyright.PENANAB4TJAnsLrC
當時英國呢個日不落帝國100Please respect copyright.PENANAqUmsTMKLzu
就相當接近呢個情況喇100Please respect copyright.PENANA7rEVUB9oKz
喺漫長而又和平嘅19世紀100Please respect copyright.PENANA0gqzbYXsIF
英國憑藉強大嘅工業力量100Please respect copyright.PENANAqbok8qSw6O
支撐住絕對優勢嘅海軍100Please respect copyright.PENANAEs9ABB9V86
喺世界各地建立起一個又一個嘅殖民地100Please respect copyright.PENANAlEtn6qy18A
再由呢啲殖民地獲取各種廉價嘅工業原材料100Please respect copyright.PENANADkFgBfWC0C
令自己嘅產品喺世界市場上得到無可比擬嘅成本優勢100Please respect copyright.PENANAJGnaNVQm56
賺取更多嘅外匯100Please respect copyright.PENANA82YRvOLLVS
從而建造更多更強嘅戰艦去霸佔更多嘅殖民地100Please respect copyright.PENANAzrcDXPHsUZ
形成牢不可破嘅正循環100Please respect copyright.PENANAF7HlRn51Mj
簡單嚟講100Please respect copyright.PENANAVNQaaeLA8b
重商主義嘅精粹100Please respect copyright.PENANANmcjWqpOWo
就係要獲取比對手多嘅資源(aka殖民地)喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAUdhosqnkdP
1870年嘅日不落帝國
重商主義
嗰時嘅英國就好似而家嘅美國一樣100Please respect copyright.PENANAXwMgKyTDk3
都係全球資本市場最主要嘅資金來源100Please respect copyright.PENANAuOTS7EzBwD
所以當維也納股災引致英國收水時100Please respect copyright.PENANAj1UNCLVEKU
全世界資本市場即時缺血100Please respect copyright.PENANAarmkpnXBxO
各國即時反應就梗係止血啦100Please respect copyright.PENANAjJFHsihXDQ
要止血最直接就加係關稅100Please respect copyright.PENANA47o80ticOX
保護主義相繼喺各國抬頭100Please respect copyright.PENANArFeuR7Q1zV
不過對啲冇乜資源嘅國家嚟講100Please respect copyright.PENANA0IXJC5Bdzn
短期止到血啫100Please respect copyright.PENANAcnUdoHMaR1
長期嘅話一樣營養不良100Please respect copyright.PENANARR6C7DgzyO
因為你加得關稅100Please respect copyright.PENANAZZtNtFKH9j
人地一樣加得100Please respect copyright.PENANAjCfGncwYzD
你要入口工業生產所欠缺嘅原材料100Please respect copyright.PENANAkPLFSyFTR8
所繳交嘅關稅最終都會反映喺價格上100Please respect copyright.PENANArz5XFTjW1A
真係賺幾多都會畀人地啲關稅食晒100Please respect copyright.PENANABjLfyE1a63
所以最根本解決流動性危機嘅方法100Please respect copyright.PENANAT04JzD2PpD
就係奪取更加多嘅殖民地100Please respect copyright.PENANAaaVXHuEiKh
而喺嗰時100Please respect copyright.PENANAc2emm6BDCN
全球仲未畀歐洲勢力劃分嘅地方100Please respect copyright.PENANAcbpErkUbYd
就只有非洲內陸、太平洋啲山旮旯島嶼同南極洲100Please respect copyright.PENANACtinUXzY7Q
加上自1850年代以嚟嘅尼羅河溯源之旅100Please respect copyright.PENANAnmn9eEZAPn
已經證實咗喺奎寧同格靈鎗嘅幫助下100Please respect copyright.PENANAmCQXp7aD85
歐洲人係可以征服非洲最可怕嘅密林同土著王國100Please respect copyright.PENANA7VoAEDm3wp
喺呢個前提之下100Please respect copyright.PENANAtcYTH3LSeL
《瓜分非洲》呢隻DLC就變得相當吸引100Please respect copyright.PENANApt74XIzMzo
於是各個舊玩家好似西班牙、葡萄牙、英國、法國100Please respect copyright.PENANAsKnk6o60Wq
以及新玩家好似德國、意大利同某個豆腐膶咁細嘅低地國國王100Please respect copyright.PENANAaXGiJLdBXT
都紛紛組織探險隊同遠征軍100Please respect copyright.PENANAiTEZb6cObs
務求快過對手一步100Please respect copyright.PENANACvwoMgol02
奪取更多嘅殖民地100Please respect copyright.PENANAkRjvhPpsg7
以喺呢個現代經濟模式中佔到先機100Please respect copyright.PENANAjrNF35t3xy面對有足夠健康嘅士兵同格靈機鎗100Please respect copyright.PENANAGHri0bbVhN
無論係南非草原嘅祖魯戰士100Please respect copyright.PENANAz6sMW2r13M
抑或係西非黃金海岸密林嘅阿散蒂叛軍100Please respect copyright.PENANAgyjm2Kwfzq
都喺一陣陣“突突突”聲中化成碎片100Please respect copyright.PENANAsYy27HJbJu
1876年非洲嘅殖民地100Please respect copyright.PENANAoC9U0woN4Q
可以見到除咗法國喺北非嘅阿爾及利亞100Please respect copyright.PENANAtlTaHwIHgF
西非嘅塞內加爾100Please respect copyright.PENANAvOXMp6gCvl
英國喺南非嘅開普殖民地100Please respect copyright.PENANAWgmPMp5kma
以及葡萄牙嗰喺東非同西非嗰兩撻有名無實嘅殖民地外100Please respect copyright.PENANAdcf9HUa3wD
其他嘅都係細到不值一提100Please respect copyright.PENANAMefS6pRJCE
所有殖民地加埋都只有大約十份之一個非洲100Please respect copyright.PENANAmk0W12rbbz
相對於同時期歐洲人已經全佔美洲同澳洲100Please respect copyright.PENANAw0HPCooVdC
亞洲亦都有一半以上嘅勢力落入歐洲人手中100Please respect copyright.PENANA16qipKGRRo
殖民非洲的確係緩慢好多100Please respect copyright.PENANAOs35GOxHmO
不過情況將會好快改變⋯⋯
100Please respect copyright.PENANA6V57XfzzAU
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會留意到100Please respect copyright.PENANACl1f8pB3a1
今次金融災難明明美國佬都舐晒嘢㗎喎100Please respect copyright.PENANAePt6PazeOg
點解後來佢地又冇玩《瓜分非洲》呢100Please respect copyright.PENANAX9UpLR0M9w
(除咗喺西非嗰撻自由黑鬼放養地100Please respect copyright.PENANAnKRF9DGtVs
之後都會講講關於呢班源自非洲嘅外來物種有趣嘅故事)100Please respect copyright.PENANAlhZAzRBSCI
呢樣正正就係美國之所以為「天選之國」嘅原因喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAOaWUW5Vkx7
美洲係好柒大好多資源嘅100Please respect copyright.PENANA4YkKCHXz2c
地理上亦都離歐亞大陸好遠100Please respect copyright.PENANAeXhcA0n9I7
與其山長水遠走去非洲同舊世界班老屎忽爭餅食100Please respect copyright.PENANAOjxy1f04nV
不如留番喺度開發好過100Please respect copyright.PENANAWZQlgI839B
所以美國立國以嚟個發展方向都係向西100Please respect copyright.PENANAjF9EAJeGVg
由大西洋一路去到太平洋100Please respect copyright.PENANAj94UE8qkxm
再將太平洋變成自己個私家泳池100Please respect copyright.PENANAuY6NPhVwAH
成就出新一代舉世無雙嘅海洋霸權100Please respect copyright.PENANAqfX6uI3ptX
呢啲就係美國自我實現嘅「昭昭天命」(Manifest Destiny)喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAZ7UHMrHbwB
哥倫比亞女神右手攞住科學左手拉起電報線100Please respect copyright.PENANAfB4hRRJRDd
引領拓荒者將光明由東邊帶往西部100Please respect copyright.PENANApMmp4eqP8I
留意番幅圖左邊啲印第安人係走住屌嘅
不過玩咗幾年啲列強就開始覺得有啲唔對路喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAXWiqQIVGWK
係呀面對啲揸住長矛牛皮盾嘅黑鬼100Please respect copyright.PENANAWfDKgCkd6b
梗係冇問題啦100Please respect copyright.PENANAq3tYZiWIti
不過玩到咁上緊100Please respect copyright.PENANAkiF9bVWNvX
實會同其他玩家嘅領地有交接㗎喎100Please respect copyright.PENANA5wCpFSsw9v
嗰度山長水遠到時有咩爭拗衝突都幾麻煩100Please respect copyright.PENANAYHw1t9fe39
究竟點樣先為之有效佔領擁有咗某個地方呢?100Please respect copyright.PENANASMCcI6U1ud
領地內嘅河流係咪可以獨家使用定要同隔離分享呢?100Please respect copyright.PENANALIGzC7yWRF
呢啲問題隨住剛果盆地嘅爭議而浮上枱面100Please respect copyright.PENANAkZJPZr9THI
──1880年法國探險家皮耶・布拉柴搶先一步喺剛果河北岸建立布拉柴維爾100Please respect copyright.PENANAuNdBFT1czX
當時比利時國王利奧波德二世隻馬仔亨利・史坦利見到唔對路100Please respect copyright.PENANA5qtYyMDFsW
就嗱嗱臨喺對岸起咗個以佢老細嚟命名嘅哨站仔(利奧波德維爾,即係而家嘅金沙薩)100Please respect copyright.PENANA2OR6LJOOI8
以阻止法國佬南下100Please respect copyright.PENANAWoNcFGoi1Y
由此引發咗一連串嘅領土同航行權爭議100Please respect copyright.PENANAMgmkIy45kd
世上相距最近嘅首都(唔計羅馬同梵蒂岡)100Please respect copyright.PENANAfpMop8ED5D
直線距離唔夠3公里100Please respect copyright.PENANAfPMj2sNRqw
不過最意想不到嘅100Please respect copyright.PENANAi4U4T3W6ln
係竟然有飛機航班來往呢兩個城市100Please respect copyright.PENANA8JlgdnZBfD
全程唔使5分鐘
歐洲佬對呢啲殖民地領土爭議並唔陌生100Please respect copyright.PENANA2iVhdc8NJQ
其實免得過嘅話佢地都唔想為呢啲殖民地打仗100Please respect copyright.PENANAr0dTdCGjfB
好似西班牙同葡萄牙簽署嘅《托爾德西里亞斯條約》同《薩拉戈薩條約》100Please respect copyright.PENANAUTnYVcZ23g
就令呢兩個世仇唔使為爭奪全球嘅殖民地而大動干戈100Please respect copyright.PENANAIKsrfWbkGH不過今次咁多玩家一齊喺同一個地方玩嘅話100Please respect copyright.PENANAw4WG8m0gWb
所牽涉利益嘅複雜性100Please respect copyright.PENANAguxbSN6BBw
就唔係呢啲雙邊條約可以處理到喇100Please respect copyright.PENANAlyotMM9krq
佢地急需坐埋一齊研究吓100Please respect copyright.PENANAmzw0JV3HYz
呢隻《瓜分非洲》100Please respect copyright.PENANAA22QBqWYHL
究竟要有啲咩遊戲規則...100Please respect copyright.PENANAhDiAWgctg4
.100Please respect copyright.PENANA9TzHOHsYu7
.100Please respect copyright.PENANA3NZ7jFANgo
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAcNdSqsAtXJ
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAIMbvc8W9ym
.100Please respect copyright.PENANA4ZgS5DNN5u
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAjWCoz9EqTG
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAJyz5N2ZCv9
.100Please respect copyright.PENANADuqLdASkaX
.100Please respect copyright.PENANA24jEf4GO9v
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAdFE0bfjp56
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAdPt02zjoQC
.100Please respect copyright.PENANA0XIw7EYbVl
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAvtwiWNHDmZ
.100Please respect copyright.PENANACitgjnxVIE
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAOhdU1MZg3u
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAsGg7NoCNgR
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAf6blJtYHNf
.100Please respect copyright.PENANA3YTAh0iful
.100Please respect copyright.PENANACeBSCneHmY
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAwWX3rvAiKm
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAFANWgySjzU
.100Please respect copyright.PENANA03ebnPmEDs
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAIzdnC1FE15
.100Please respect copyright.PENANA7HCASLvjDI
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAy4QTPISstd
.100Please respect copyright.PENANA3DocITSvyZ
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAOC8MXPMo7G
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAW43DVonh6g
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAb85jtcliMz
.100Please respect copyright.PENANAb16HqH2kg0
100Please respect copyright.PENANALtpqZUwJhF
…唔使咁急喎100Please respect copyright.PENANAEGRyYZNTwv
食埋件餅先慢慢傾啦100Please respect copyright.PENANAf6V74wbGN8下一集《柏林盛宴》100Please respect copyright.PENANAu86em8Yaa2
就會講吓呢個喺後世惡名昭彰嘅柏林會議100Please respect copyright.PENANAYlQPMvg3fx
當中嘅來龍去脈喇