普遍來說,雞肉和豬肉我們通常都會煮熟才吃,但牛肉就偏偏可以選擇幾成熟來品嘗,究竟點解呢?607Please respect copyright.PENANAa3VOY8QPqk
607Please respect copyright.PENANACfQPMTXkDB
607Please respect copyright.PENANAhMHXifysON
事實上,生吃食物始終會有一定風險,有機會導致食物中毒,純粹因為牛肉的風險相對比雞肉和豬肉較低,所以才有「生食」牛肉的選擇。607Please respect copyright.PENANA5NziwkTwtX
607Please respect copyright.PENANAt8dWrurS3t
近在2020年6月,美國號令回收4萬三千磅牛肉,原因就是化驗證實那批牛肉含有令人腹瀉的大腸幹菌,老是在美國牛肉常出現的O157:H7品種。607Please respect copyright.PENANALQ1mj1mAX8
(這不是食神劇情,而是確實新聞,Ref1)607Please respect copyright.PENANANTTCMQ21IA
607Please respect copyright.PENANAhPAoD0wBZD
而自從90年代發現這品種後,美國規定牛肉出售前必須測量是否含有某幾種令人肚瀉的大腸幹菌。這一次為何能夠流出市面,那就不得而知了。607Please respect copyright.PENANA3QmrhishWT
607Please respect copyright.PENANA06nCSg0G2v
607Please respect copyright.PENANAgeznns6LA4
在繼續講解之前,我們先以超簡略的方式認識一下細菌的外部構造。(圖2)607Please respect copyright.PENANAfDE1j68JgJ
607Please respect copyright.PENANAau2etXfxA5
607Please respect copyright.PENANAxUUwUbA6vO
Capsule607Please respect copyright.PENANAYavghyJ8qM
防止細菌脫水607Please respect copyright.PENANAnytVJ3F8J2
保護自己免被人類的吞噬細胞吞噬607Please respect copyright.PENANA1QKqZWklHz
607Please respect copyright.PENANAb8hOEvzfxz
Pili607Please respect copyright.PENANArkN6YBFg7k
用來抓實接觸面,例如腸道壁膜,同時亦都可以用來幫助移動607Please respect copyright.PENANADuZVtF3gf1
607Please respect copyright.PENANA74J2AfKd5y
Flagellum607Please respect copyright.PENANAVPiBiYjyeo
會以螺旋槳的方式轉動,讓細菌可以隨意走動607Please respect copyright.PENANAvKmpvfGTe6
607Please respect copyright.PENANAJTtecbTfT3
如有興趣想知道細菌和病毒的分別,可閱讀我之前所寫的文章607Please respect copyright.PENANA2hIp1dYA7E
https://www.penana.com/article/465358607Please respect copyright.PENANAwuoaBxAJwa
607Please respect copyright.PENANA4wRTeiaC8V
607Please respect copyright.PENANAYvhBOtbTRN
(圖3)令人腹瀉的大腸幹菌有好多種,而經常因為食用未煮熟的牛肉而出現在新聞的是Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)。607Please respect copyright.PENANA92huif3Ojx
顧名意義,它們能夠釋放Shiga toxin這有毒物質,而E coli則是大腸幹菌的簡稱。607Please respect copyright.PENANAFCckpO87rE
607Please respect copyright.PENANAdDxYK7nNDi
607Please respect copyright.PENANAZQQALtkTWC
607Please respect copyright.PENANAdxOA0UZCl0
607Please respect copyright.PENANAmwWKfTjmBY
O157:H7品種,就是STEC的一種,潛伏期為2-3日。它們被曾證實可以逗留在外間土壤21個月有多,只有70度以上高溫才能確保徹底消滅它們。607Please respect copyright.PENANAovnr4GJLWn
607Please respect copyright.PENANAyeGlxRWTrz
它們最為麻煩的地方,就是能夠抵禦胃酸,有能力從胃部游走到腸道。607Please respect copyright.PENANAq6H9kpksKa
到達腸道位置後,它們所釋放的Shiga toxin能夠對腸壁的細胞造成傷害,引致腹瀉及脫水。607Please respect copyright.PENANAp7Vu4cDOHU
嚴重情況下更會引致溶血性尿毒綜合症(HUS),對腎臟造成長久傷害。607Please respect copyright.PENANAFlhMdS5HiA
607Please respect copyright.PENANA3o2F0odY3D
而最「令人意想不到」的是,此病絕對不可以用抗生素來醫治。607Please respect copyright.PENANABFcFBni2dd
因為用抗生素來傷害它們的話,只會導致更多Shiga toxin從它們身上釋出體外,適得其反。607Please respect copyright.PENANAJlajzWdeqO
607Please respect copyright.PENANAL5CaS4ZWcD
通常情況下,醫生會抽取病人的糞便樣本,斷症腹瀉是否由STEC而起。607Please respect copyright.PENANAhHrY3TqxK4
如果屬實,可以做的方法就是盡量讓病人補充水份,避免脫水情況過於嚴重,並等待身體自我康復。607Please respect copyright.PENANAgojNmQOrnA
607Please respect copyright.PENANAV1G80YVj0x
照這個情況來看,或者,侵侵吃Well Done牛排是有他的道理......607Please respect copyright.PENANAj3RieKjW9J
607Please respect copyright.PENANAz3C16Wfc0M
當然,如果牛肉來貨沒有問題,而處理上一切衛生措施做足的話,應該不會引起太大問題的。607Please respect copyright.PENANAYOcqdgg6EZ
607Please respect copyright.PENANAkIflDL0aGl
至少我都暫時未試過因為食生牛扒而肚瀉。607Please respect copyright.PENANAeBw5c5aLaQ
607Please respect copyright.PENANAtXEKARQ6ho
(在摸著木塊下的情況寫下這句。)607Please respect copyright.PENANAku9hoBq13z
607Please respect copyright.PENANAZbdWUFTg79
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。607Please respect copyright.PENANA803yLO0ECX
607Please respect copyright.PENANA6Lxs7Gc1OG
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc607Please respect copyright.PENANACy826oYHsX
607Please respect copyright.PENANANSFiDVWQ7v
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。607Please respect copyright.PENANACeqUTFFeFW
607Please respect copyright.PENANAk4DdtNwb7x
Link:607Please respect copyright.PENANAC0uwHrz5y4
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio607Please respect copyright.PENANA5i6tfLxF8f
607Please respect copyright.PENANACfbYPOPQKR
607Please respect copyright.PENANAlItEiZvYxx
有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。607Please respect copyright.PENANAJ39wod3Ric
607Please respect copyright.PENANA7uEH1w3pqB
607Please respect copyright.PENANAy0aPIrQwUn
Ref1: