雪櫃、冷氣機、水煲等等各電器不時都會散發出熱力。445Please respect copyright.PENANA3H0XuEWbmP
如果將這些多餘的熱力轉化成為電力,便能夠更有效運用資源,不作浪費。445Please respect copyright.PENANA6sX7MDkzqm
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(圖2)繼續深入講解之前,我們先以非常簡單的方法概括一下發電的原理。445Please respect copyright.PENANAeI9Is1c6CJ
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只要電子在閉合電路單方向流動,就能促成電流,提供電力讓燈泡發光。445Please respect copyright.PENANApecWmaKIhL
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(圖3)要把熱力有效轉化為電力,我們需要一樣能夠有效傳遞電子而同時又不會傳遞熱力的物料。445Please respect copyright.PENANAJn0TmQismj
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有科學家最近發表文章(Ref1),利用化學物ferricyanide ion Fe(CN)6 –4作為媒體把熱力轉化為電力。445Please respect copyright.PENANAK9KFxC0WlS
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選用Fe(CN)6 –4的原因基於其兩種特質。445Please respect copyright.PENANAIjVjtlp9vG
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1.它遇冷(約攝氏20度左右)的時候,再加上Guanidinium ion的輔助下便會變成固體結晶。445Please respect copyright.PENANANkVpcKkeh5
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2.它遇熱的時候會放出電子並成為Fe(CN)6 –3。445Please respect copyright.PENANAsjnd4KtLHw
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(圖4)以下就是利用熱力發電的精髓要點。445Please respect copyright.PENANA0ANu85YWeh
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1.Fe(CN)6 –4遇上外間熱力(例如電器所散發出的熱力),因而會釋發電子並成為Fe(CN)6 –3。445Please respect copyright.PENANAVdhAAjdZ8u
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2.電子在閉合電路走動,產生電流,讓燈泡發亮。445Please respect copyright.PENANAYaAJ59jlyS
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3.電子到達另一端的凍金屬棒(約攝氏20度)後,從第1點所得來的Fe(CN)6 –3便會接收電子,變回Fe(CN)6 –4。445Please respect copyright.PENANA7dT9D1QTkm
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4.Fe(CN)6 –4在Guanidinium ion的輔助下變成固體結晶。445Please respect copyright.PENANA4Yu4Aqj4kO
固體相對上傳熱的能力比液體較弱,因而減低了熱金屬棒把熱力傳到凍金屬棒的效率,促使凍金屬棒及熱金屬棒維持著溫差。445Please respect copyright.PENANABHg1S3BYIJ
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5.在地心吸力的影響下,固體結晶會趨往金屬棒那方。而在熱力的影響下,固體結晶變回液態Fe(CN)6 –4,重回第1點不斷循環。445Please respect copyright.PENANAlf5getj3eb
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綜合來說,科學家巧妙利用了Fe(CN)6 –4遇熱釋出電子的特點,以及遇冷配合Guanidinium結成固體、固體不易傳熱的特質,建造了有效傳遞電子而同時又不會有效傳遞熱力的物料。445Please respect copyright.PENANAr7i454SQZ8
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(圖5)科學家在文中亦嘗試利用20個圖4的模組,在兩極維持50度的溫差下,提供電力予各用途之上。445Please respect copyright.PENANAzbS4P3J3Ka
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現在需要解決的問題,就是找出收集多餘熱力的有效方法及物料,引導熱力到模組裡頭。445Please respect copyright.PENANANdkUUt3LMV
文章作者表示現時已積極尋找物料,相信假以時日絕有可能會在市面見到收集電器熱力發電的設備。445Please respect copyright.PENANAq5OxaxlWgR
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc445Please respect copyright.PENANAh2wl61LswK
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio445Please respect copyright.PENANAYP55TCrR3m
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Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/09/09/science.abd6749445Please respect copyright.PENANAI3ggXhCAXM