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Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a viral infection that poses a significant threat to global health. Each year, there are an estimated one billion flu cases, with three to five million severe cases and 290,000-650,000 influenza-related respiratory deaths worldwide. Children under five are particularly vulnerable to the flu and have an increased risk of developing serious complications. Influenza A is the most severe virus type, but influenza B can also cause epidemics.
Symptoms of the flu in children include high fever, cough, sore throat, stuffy nose, headaches, muscle and body aches, fatigue, and in some cases, vomiting and diarrhoea. While the flu is usually not fatal in healthy individuals, it can cause severe illness in children, elderly individuals, and those with compromised immune systems, such as HIV-positive and cancer patients.
Children over six months can receive the flu vaccine to prevent the flu. The vaccine is most effective when administered by the end of October or one month before the start of flu season. The vaccine is available as a nasal spray for young children and an intramuscular injection for teenagers. It does not contain a live virus and will not cause the flu, but some children may experience flu-like symptoms as an immune response to the vaccine, which usually resolves within two days. Once vaccinated, the body will produce antibodies against the flu within two to three weeks, protecting against severe illness and faster recovery.
There is no specific antiviral treatment for the flu, but antiviral medications like oseltamivir can reduce viral replication and alleviate symptoms if administered early. Supportive medicines like acetaminophen, cough suppressants, and decongestants can help relieve symptoms. It is essential to seek medical attention if you suspect your child has the flu, as early treatment can help reduce the severity of the illness.
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