
今集講講呢隻來自南美、名叫奎寧嘅蝴蝶68Please respect copyright.PENANA94415p4qzb
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴68Please respect copyright.PENANAeAJnOqjoLO
當初歐洲佬唔係笨撚柒68Please respect copyright.PENANAgfSbxDaki7
佢地當然知道直接殖民非洲68Please respect copyright.PENANAinYIjt17Yk
係可以減省好多運輸奴隸嘅開支啦68Please respect copyright.PENANACtjNmsti3n
事實上佢地一早就佔領晒非洲外圍嘅群島68Please respect copyright.PENANABJS9WhZn0w
並喺嗰度利用黑奴建立起一個個嘅種植園68Please respect copyright.PENANAVkqbyy9h9d
規模仲相當之大68Please respect copyright.PENANAROh3woqE9f
好似葡萄牙喺畿內亞灣嘅聖多美普林西比68Please respect copyright.PENANAiaiGh2uQuF
喺16世紀就曾經係世上最大嘅產糖地68Please respect copyright.PENANAliUqpiYaRv
(以重量計喺嗰時蔗糖同黃金係等值)68Please respect copyright.PENANAWW6BNB7tVS
聖多美普林西比(São Tomé and Príncipe)
不過同呢啲渺無人煙嘅外島相比68Please respect copyright.PENANAaSKy6ktbZU
非洲內陸就完全係另一回事喇68Please respect copyright.PENANAsG6ySHLTDI
對白人嚟講68Please respect copyright.PENANAMoZAov0oty
撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅叢林地帶68Please respect copyright.PENANA4nphRGvORo
自古以來就係九死一生嘅毒龍潭68Please respect copyright.PENANAAuOR18Ml0l呢片被稱為“黑非洲”嘅雨林68Please respect copyright.PENANAz48PW3Gv9Q
古時就已經被認為係不可逾越嘅蠻荒之地68Please respect copyright.PENANAd4VYxobnxo
古希臘歷史學家希羅多德就曾經記載68Please respect copyright.PENANAdpxrvKYNwT
喺公元前530年68Please respect copyright.PENANAxQHjY2jfhZ
當時地上最強、啱啱征服咗埃及嘅波斯王岡比西斯二世68Please respect copyright.PENANAqhVEbRKB9o
佢派去探索呢個世界盡頭嘅遠征軍68Please respect copyright.PENANAwvh0cd7Abf
仗都未打就喺征途死咗一半人被迫折返68Please respect copyright.PENANALjgWs5CEwe
另外古羅馬曾經4次派遠征軍橫越撒哈拉68Please respect copyright.PENANAkwB59vXirz
最後都係冇辦法穿越呢片浩瀚無垠嘅密林68Please respect copyright.PENANADkyOCeSusZ
派入去偵察嘅斥候全部都有去冇回68Please respect copyright.PENANAMnGanKFN1b
原因就係以瘧疾為首嘅各種熱帶疾病68Please respect copyright.PENANAmKJTnDtGYL
希羅多德喺佢本《歷史》所描述嘅世界68Please respect copyright.PENANAh5AH7jn9Kc
要留意撒哈拉沙漠以南嗰個(Æthiopes)唔係而家嗰個埃塞俄比亞68Please respect copyright.PENANA25HDyicsh8
呢個字古希臘文解“燒燶咗塊面”68Please respect copyright.PENANALYlks7nra4
係指撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅非洲68Please respect copyright.PENANANuZGxN3g1k
古希臘啲仆街仔諗嘢都真係幾撚地獄68Please respect copyright.PENANAYXbOQqK03I羅馬嗰4次遠征路線圖68Please respect copyright.PENANAZRtvLqnDLD
雖然最後都係探索唔到非洲內陸嘅情況68Please respect copyright.PENANAnuZI7sWtbC
不過呢幾次都為日後橫撒哈拉貿易奠定基礎68Please respect copyright.PENANAOLqmmZD5Yq
成就出之後風光一時嘅土著貿易王國68Please respect copyright.PENANAn8a8WoadjF一度興盛嘅橫撒哈拉貿易王國68Please respect copyright.PENANAvMjU0jMcly
其中以Mansa Musa呢位一路去麥加朝聖68Please respect copyright.PENANAlK1vVzOygs
一路派金粒68Please respect copyright.PENANAUG3bIo7KzU
派到引發沿途地區嚴重通貨膨脹嘅馬里國王最為著名68Please respect copyright.PENANABOv1zN6G0l
不過呢啲財雄勢大嘅駱駝商旅68Please respect copyright.PENANA3hyYUHmyHV
最後都係畀大航海時代帶嚟嘅海洋貿易所取代
呢啲病對歐洲人嚟講係魔咒68Please respect copyright.PENANANbT2MzZF8Y
但係對世居於呢片密林嘅黑鬼嚟講呢68Please respect copyright.PENANA65p6Wle3y6
就係護身符喇68Please respect copyright.PENANAdujgAoEQRB
(有興趣嘅小朋友可以搵吓地中海貧血症、蠶豆症同瘧疾嘅關係)68Please respect copyright.PENANAt8vVVcpibn
正因為咁68Please respect copyright.PENANAiC40NuwIF4
歐洲人對非洲內陸68Please respect copyright.PENANAQQ5g5sCb4V
尤其係中非剛果盆地68Please respect copyright.PENANAwwN9wSHOGx
係一無所知68Please respect copyright.PENANAhNGDYgZSVD
一路以嚟所有嘗試深入剛果河流域嘅探險68Please respect copyright.PENANAMDOIU8t5cU
都係以災難收場68Please respect copyright.PENANAOCdSoW6PXY
好似喺1542年68Please respect copyright.PENANAWny1tzBUX7
第一個發現剛果河口嘅歐洲人68Please respect copyright.PENANAF9dEq67rqM
葡萄牙航海家Diogo Cão68Please respect copyright.PENANA5xpsOSwdEp
就係喺試圖探索內陸時病死喺河邊68Please respect copyright.PENANAjS2XXLZjeU
對嗰時嘅歐洲人嚟講68Please respect copyright.PENANAujZo7U2dCC
佔領非洲本土代價實在太大68Please respect copyright.PENANApz6ki2KoYk
與其嘥人力物力喺非洲內陸建立殖民地68Please respect copyright.PENANAYeq2D26CSH
不如同啲土著王國做貿易好過68Please respect copyright.PENANAdRlUb5Ii6S
以葡萄牙為例68Please respect copyright.PENANAIOBHaFetka
喺見識過剛果雨林嘅殘酷同當地巴剛果王國嘅強大後68Please respect copyright.PENANA1UfuGnPPwl
葡萄牙就決定喺剛果河口南岸較為乾燥嘅草原68Please respect copyright.PENANAp0VKBJ8qBW
建立貿易站68Please respect copyright.PENANACY3MhvlOAV
以教育、宗教同鎗炮68Please respect copyright.PENANAAXhanONHlr
嚟同呢個土著王國換取戰俘作奴隸喇68Please respect copyright.PENANAHIxI6UZNbO
剛果河南岸嘅葡屬安哥拉
剛果國王阿方索一世喺1517年6月8號寫畀葡萄牙國王曼紐一世嘅信68Please respect copyright.PENANAhFR9npLyNu
向佢呢位主內弟兄請求提供教會禮儀器具68Please respect copyright.PENANArmbfYyGEiW
(以面積計剛果王國係當時世上最大嘅大公教國家)
去到近代68Please respect copyright.PENANAxNma6zIYu3
就算係船堅炮利嘅英國佬68Please respect copyright.PENANANbDbXtMPBr
情況都唔好得幾多68Please respect copyright.PENANAHoWkt6NUMx
好似喺1816年有個叫James Tuckey嘅英國海軍上校68Please respect copyright.PENANAJKDo6BphFG
組織咗隊探險隊尋找剛果河源頭68Please respect copyright.PENANAvg1XvelI88
結果由河口上溯唔夠100公里68Please respect copyright.PENANASqB0XYPGE8
54個隊員入面就病死咗21個68Please respect copyright.PENANAdgIaVsbu8m
包括佢自己68Please respect copyright.PENANAUj5j6hoHNy
所以直至19世紀中葉68Please respect copyright.PENANARlNfn6GaCf
中南非洲仍然係呢個地理大發現時代入面最大嘅迷團68Please respect copyright.PENANARqIGXMklYO
Tuckey上校用生命所畫嘅剛果河口地型圖
1850年非洲地圖68Please respect copyright.PENANAHIbEStscHg
留意番中間橙黃色個“ETHIOPIA”唔係而家嗰個68Please respect copyright.PENANABTOoKQO2nS
呢度借用嚟標示非洲中部呢大片未探索之地68Please respect copyright.PENANA2YbhPS5cid
(嗰時埃塞俄比亞個英文名係Abyssinia, 由阿拉伯文翻譯過嚟)68Please respect copyright.PENANA6jfcWL0Ere
不過奎寧普及後情況就唔同晒喇68Please respect copyright.PENANAC70hKGKlmG
歐洲人喺非洲嘅生存率得以大大提升68Please respect copyright.PENANAZPB805vs3d
隨住人命成本降低68Please respect copyright.PENANAHgd3STodc8
探索非洲雨林嘅門檻68Please respect copyright.PENANAgiTH699Ptw
已經下降到可以接受嘅水平68Please respect copyright.PENANAtr6a4fwM1X
喺1850年代開始68Please respect copyright.PENANA1nE1skpD9U
歐美各國政府、地理學會以至私人企業68Please respect copyright.PENANAvniLIdk5jx
紛紛組織探險隊68Please respect copyright.PENANAzYzbdLFrDm
務求搶先其他人一步68Please respect copyright.PENANANHY2rECANh
尋找失落喺中非密林嘅嗰幾塊拼圖68Please respect copyright.PENANAOFaFSipuwI
其中最積極嘅68Please respect copyright.PENANAoc2oMCuRSR
就係正處於維多利亞時期嘅英國喇68Please respect copyright.PENANA0CDgDxw1yr當時所缺嗰幾塊拼圖68Please respect copyright.PENANAjxKAqcjF4m
分別係:68Please respect copyright.PENANAAjhb4Dy0hQ
1.尼羅河源頭68Please respect copyright.PENANAJimrtAb8Wf
2.傳說中浩瀚如海嘅中非淡水湖68Please respect copyright.PENANAU3QbQ2JRGo
3.剛果盆地68Please respect copyright.PENANAcLKdmYq9bW
跟住落嚟嗰卅幾年68Please respect copyright.PENANALmrdioNsAU
喺一個阿拉伯奴隸主嘅協助下68Please respect copyright.PENANAbS7MCeIpoH
憑住五個英國佬、一個斯拉夫白女奴以及無數黑奴轎夫嘅努力同犧牲68Please respect copyright.PENANAlB4v7fCBE5
掩蓋中非嘅嗰片戰爭迷霧逐漸消退68Please respect copyright.PENANAeVmU94C5kz
《大航海時代》最終DLC《瓜分非洲》終於上線喇68Please respect copyright.PENANAJTMqBalT72
1880年代非洲地圖68Please respect copyright.PENANA1ywkqz7MzJ
對比番1850年嗰幅地圖68Please respect copyright.PENANANwzTwUyS7n
尼羅河同剛果河流域基本上已經被探索68Please respect copyright.PENANAxZSvfl4TC5
再唔係被標示為“ETHIOPIA”喇
呢卅幾年嘅中非探險歷史68Please respect copyright.PENANAjaGU1rs9O5
所牽涉嘅人同佢地之間嘅恩怨情仇68Please respect copyright.PENANAIvi8jXeVyO
的確相當引人入勝──68Please respect copyright.PENANANKqiAKV0rs
一個借探險之名研究各地性愛風俗嘅性書大亨68Please respect copyright.PENANAgoskXQvHO4
一個因個人臆測而引發後世幾場大屠殺嘅軍佬68Please respect copyright.PENANANuLHoUgNHa
一個濟世為懷但又志大才疏嘅醫生/傳教士68Please respect copyright.PENANAfcHcSrNI56
一個為名利而不擇手段、甘願為惡龍做事嘅記者68Please respect copyright.PENANAmgJ7QZHlnB
一個喺巴爾幹同鄂圖曼總督爭女嘅二世祖68Please respect copyright.PENANAX6iAhRVtu3
同一個持家賢慧但又驍勇凶悍嘅白女奴68Please respect copyright.PENANAmmhuJc6BJq
仲有一個喺暗中操縱一切、憑藉探險熱潮乘勢而起但又被一切反噬嘅阿拉伯奴隸主68Please respect copyright.PENANA9edke9S8IE
──用呢啲性格鮮明、經歷獨特嘅歷史人物寫嘅故事68Please respect copyright.PENANAL5bIO3cFnQ
我諗都會相當有趣68Please respect copyright.PENANALdyfry5RLM
不過礙於篇幅所限68Please respect copyright.PENANAEJt3S519tt
我就唔喺度一一展開喇68Please respect copyright.PENANAdgonxJ2JUn
(除咗講盧旺達大屠殺嗰陣會提一提嗰個性書大亨同個軍佬)68Please respect copyright.PENANAl6PWtEN0rB
可能或者有機會第日得閒開多篇嚟講吓啦吓
喺講啲列強點樣喺非洲玩到high翻天之前68Please respect copyright.PENANAbvhiy1G1LB
首先要講講佢地瓜分非洲嘅誘因68Please respect copyright.PENANAOHwKTtJjzg
一切要由一場股災講起68Please respect copyright.PENANAURCxOhx9tC
而家就睇吓呢日發生咗啲咩事68Please respect copyright.PENANAdxLZ74DQbc
搞到丁生咁好興致一家人齊齊整整上天台睇日落68Please respect copyright.PENANADWv5CltWh4
1873年5月9號星期五朝早68Please respect copyright.PENANArPdhUnTWHh
維也納有個叫Adolf Petschek嘅猶太佬68Please respect copyright.PENANAtn7HPLpuoM
向法院申請將佢間公司破產68Please respect copyright.PENANAvFaYyzt4v3
呢條友並唔係普通嘅阿茂阿壽68Please respect copyright.PENANAbK4hRqge5D
佢檔嘢係當時奧匈帝國以至整個中歐最大嘅證券商68Please respect copyright.PENANAiMZp7hMQV6
一間咁有影響力嘅企業破產68Please respect copyright.PENANAzapARbqk6n
必然會引起市場動盪68Please respect copyright.PENANAxtFkOgU2FJ
於是維也納交易所決定暫時休市68Please respect copyright.PENANAuMfE3132l8
咁就仆街喇68Please respect copyright.PENANAg6LEH8fs2F
喺嗰個資訊唔流通嘅年代68Please respect copyright.PENANAfNFUcet8fY
停市嘅原因係冇辦法即時通知市場上所有參與者68Please respect copyright.PENANAtnkECLI5Pb
一時間謠言滿天飛68Please respect copyright.PENANAcrNSUHsrTC
人喺恐慌下68Please respect copyright.PENANAI4XZGmWx5Z
最正路嘅做法68Please respect copyright.PENANAUQi4llJhaY
就係一有機會就攞cash旁身68Please respect copyright.PENANAQRg7zp9ttJ
所以當中午一復市時68Please respect copyright.PENANA3sdghtFexK
所有人都湧去交易所68Please respect copyright.PENANAgs97FYWV65
務求以最快速度賣晒啲股票套現68Please respect copyright.PENANASLnZLMQEHy
同時冇買股票又聽到消息嘅人68Please respect copyright.PENANAMf52gT5USD
都湧去銀行提走所有現金做成擠提68Please respect copyright.PENANARBXFDWBNs3
一時間市場所有流動性枯竭68Please respect copyright.PENANAxcd7nL1Pfh
結果就連本身同Adolf間公司冇乜啦㨢嘅銀行同企業68Please respect copyright.PENANANlapkc77mO
都因為資不抵債而債務違約68Please respect copyright.PENANAe2SgOLwFhd
維也納交易所喺前一日都仲有141間銀行掛牌68Please respect copyright.PENANAcxyFSfsHuk
到咗呢日下晝1點提早收市時68Please respect copyright.PENANACy5IhY1jlN
就只剩低廿間左右68Please respect copyright.PENANA17KRtn81VN
整體市值直接斬半68Please respect copyright.PENANA1mU1m1aZbD
維也納股票市場喺呢日全面崩潰68Please respect copyright.PENANAuWNi9PL5s8
而向隅者只好喺已經閂咗門嘅交易所前同警察跳番part舞啦68Please respect copyright.PENANAxFRpl3whEy
可能你會諗“崩潰我有經驗~輸清光我未發癲”68Please respect copyright.PENANAZOlIxpNyKj
股災又有咩好怕喎希望在明天吖嘛68Please respect copyright.PENANAvDOXZgll9i
係嘅68Please respect copyright.PENANAjiKIlWNhxq
呢啲金融風暴、金融海嘯真係同上帝一樣自有永有68Please respect copyright.PENANAGDmD50errg
咩鬱金香狂熱呀南海公司泡沫呀密西西比事件呀咁68Please respect copyright.PENANAFZaiHhTPGR
啲泡沫吹爆完一個後68Please respect copyright.PENANAayw8dDzawK
隔一輪又吹脹另一個68Please respect copyright.PENANA0ouc8eLokg
就算喺嗰個年代都已經唔係啲咩稀奇嘅事68Please respect copyright.PENANA3oxzcRnLEw
不過今次有啲唔同68Please respect copyright.PENANAq2pgI4BX2A
隨住電報嘅普及68Please respect copyright.PENANAykf6Cdmoyx
唔同國家資本市場嘅距離變得越嚟越近68Please respect copyright.PENANAw3b6kg2YGX
而家就睇吓全球化68Please respect copyright.PENANAFUZyzE86QL
係點樣令呢次喺中歐嘅股災68Please respect copyright.PENANAXZpcFJzcFn
演變成整個歐美世界嘅經濟災難68Please respect copyright.PENANAZztEW4xUm4首先講吓個時代背景先68Please respect copyright.PENANAJno2LmenMz
嗰時正值普法戰爭後德意志帝國建國初期68Please respect copyright.PENANAI11WMkqrua
法國因為法蘭克福條約而要賠款50億法朗畀德國68Please respect copyright.PENANAm7NlPmJ7A6
德國政府就用呢啲錢嚟贖回之前發行嘅戰爭債券68Please respect copyright.PENANA9XZm2Upvtj
咁導致大量熱錢流入德國金融體系68Please respect copyright.PENANAtPq9jpgekq
本身債券持有者急需為呢啲資金搵出路68Please respect copyright.PENANACuhCGrEm7S
德國隔離嘅奧匈帝國睇中呢點68Please respect copyright.PENANA74vHaRdGLx
就大幅放寬金融市場嘅監管68Please respect copyright.PENANADpX7Iua7db
於是各色各樣嘅金融公司就如雨後春筍68Please respect copyright.PENANAs5N1kBqszM
以各種名目去發行股票同債券集資68Please respect copyright.PENANA2z4dRWyJcU
好似投資匈牙利嘅小麥農場呀68Please respect copyright.PENANAogqBZ3tame
或者連接維也納至布達佩斯嘅鐵路呀68Please respect copyright.PENANAfqLkTfFN22
甚至係啲只存在喺紙上嘅地產項目呀咁68Please respect copyright.PENANAWuBHDV622A
咁好似上面咁講68Please respect copyright.PENANANGJg8tJhJ3
資本世界入面嘅國界68Please respect copyright.PENANAe3W5uPeMIE
隨住通訊技術嘅改進而變得越嚟越模糊68Please respect copyright.PENANAkPZRzBbgDG
作為當時生產力最強、資本最充裕嘅英國佬68Please respect copyright.PENANA3P8FdmU4w2
當然就唔會執輸叉隻腳埋嚟啦68Please respect copyright.PENANA4sPqZt1ehN
喺呢啲熱錢嘅炒作吓68Please respect copyright.PENANAVQaz0hFzd2
維也納股市暴漲68Please respect copyright.PENANA2gkllbc7BE
喺1873年68Please respect copyright.PENANAYIbv1DSbF3
呢個吹波波遊戲終於到達高潮喇
喺呢年維也納舉辦世界博覽會68Please respect copyright.PENANAbu9QMDhVJo
作為皇帝法蘭茲約瑟夫一世登基25周年68Please respect copyright.PENANAgFojpH4V0A
兼向世界展現奧匈已經喺奧普戰爭戰敗中復原嘅慶祝活動68Please respect copyright.PENANA2XhfPxiMay
呢次全球矚目嘅盛事可謂不容有失68Please respect copyright.PENANAWTYpDsZWdS
自1870年贏得主辦權後68Please respect copyright.PENANA3zz2KBYJS2
維也納到處都大興土木68Please respect copyright.PENANABB6Jb8rjcH
地產項目變得相當興盛68Please respect copyright.PENANAbYFzC4EXay
啲熱錢梗係唔會放過咁好嘅炒作理由啦68Please respect copyright.PENANA8ZxhJCyBBp
更多嘅資本引致更高嘅升幅68Please respect copyright.PENANAXDcGDgBQO0
而更高嘅升幅就吸引更多嘅資本68Please respect copyright.PENANAyLec8D9c1X
喺1873年頭到開幕前呢4個月間68Please respect copyright.PENANAGss9W6lput
維也納股市升咗一倍68Please respect copyright.PENANA1BNvv3IzyN
啲奧地利佬就嚟可以喺博覽會上表演左腳踏右腳上太空喇68Please respect copyright.PENANA2rQlUo1vGS
1873年維也納世博主場館Rotunda68Please respect copyright.PENANAdEeXuzJEDD
就咁睇相都覺得相當宏偉68Please respect copyright.PENANALojuGEk04k不過可惜喺1937年一場大火中燒毀吖68Please respect copyright.PENANA0zfch3uGUJ
唔係嘅話而家應該係遊客必到嘅景點
當然最後佢地冇上到太空啦68Please respect copyright.PENANAcBGO2c9f60
仲拖埋全世界落地獄㖭68Please respect copyright.PENANAfU6Lh8pB8l
喺5月1號籌備已久嘅世界博覽會開幕68Please respect copyright.PENANAO0rf8RwuH3
奧皇到場發表演說兼攞威68Please respect copyright.PENANAbYrcPEDlMC
不過喺同一時間68Please respect copyright.PENANABZJrefEITq
當時奧匈最大嘅銀行奧地利信貸突然將股票戶口清空68Please respect copyright.PENANA2O4ATRkGfc
因為佢地判斷當世博開幕嘅一刻68Please respect copyright.PENANAmGW7neWHJY
就係音樂停止嘅時候喇68Please respect copyright.PENANAxPfeVjhzhm
而家睇番呢個根本係自我實現嘅預言68Please respect copyright.PENANAk3JmpiHemh
因為咁做就會即時抽緊啲證券商嘅銀根68Please respect copyright.PENANAQBf6e2HOEa
作為最大嘅證券商68Please respect copyright.PENANA4TI7iIgDtb
Adolf喺玩咗幾日兩個蓋冚十個煲後68Please respect copyright.PENANAbgOppcp3G3
終於頂唔順爆煲68Please respect copyright.PENANAw6db9JLtM3
同時以英國資本為首嘅國際大孖沙68Please respect copyright.PENANAvdbDhZDWcD
都畀呢次突如其來嘅股災殺個措手不及損手爛腳68Please respect copyright.PENANAIpH9IfbHto
為防自身資金鏈斷裂68Please respect copyright.PENANAPBydq9WWi8
佢地都開始喺歐美各主要市場減持甚至清倉68Please respect copyright.PENANAlk0TnNM0iw
以增加自己嘅頭寸68Please respect copyright.PENANAs8Be17mIzV
咁導致各大資本市場嘅銀根進一步收縮68Please respect copyright.PENANAw1c7TPUkP5
股價暴跌銀行擠提企業破產68Please respect copyright.PENANAi9Y2kgr8wO
就好似骨牌一樣68Please respect copyright.PENANAkRq4RcAeRD
以維也納為中心向全球擴散68Please respect copyright.PENANAs0vKkV2ABh
法蘭克福、巴黎、阿姆斯特丹、倫敦……68Please respect copyright.PENANA1qCp42PjsI
各地股市債市相繼崩潰68Please respect copyright.PENANABMrErlnKC1
甚至遠至紐約都受到波及68Please respect copyright.PENANAFWD2ylAr2N9月18號美國最大嘅鐵路融資銀行Jay Cooke & Co68Please respect copyright.PENANAFn3ZetzrEz
因為冇晒歐洲買家買佢啲債券68Please respect copyright.PENANACRdGDaM7A0
還唔到一筆政府借貸而債務違約清盤68Please respect copyright.PENANAkWf0vNz3pO
啲人見到咁大間銀行都搞唔掂68Please respect copyright.PENANAGozKUpJByo
都紛紛湧去各銀行提走所有錢68Please respect copyright.PENANAWrmKSCfbMn
兩日內有廿間銀行接連因擠提而破產68Please respect copyright.PENANAHLT0IEH3Gv
紐約交易所喺20號破天荒宣布停市10日68Please respect copyright.PENANAfmN2H6RG0U
咁自然就帶嚟更大嘅恐慌更嚴重嘅擠提啦68Please respect copyright.PENANAC64SAvRzxS
喺跟住嗰一年68Please respect copyright.PENANAh2ZYYQAdKL
呢啲金融機構清盤所引發嘅連鎖反應68Please respect copyright.PENANA5RQomfUfTP
令全美國超過100間銀行同鐵路企業倒閉...68Please respect copyright.PENANAiXoc0CK62b
…相信經歷過2008年金融海嘯嘅小朋友68Please respect copyright.PENANABXFwESIMlp
都會覺得有啲似曾相識68Please respect copyright.PENANA8JhS2PgQYz
冇錯68Please respect copyright.PENANAhMWFtfUvrH
呢次被後世史學家稱為“1873年恐慌 ”嘅經濟災難68Please respect copyright.PENANAn9MKPihgz7
就係人類史上第一次因個別企業爆煲而引發嘅全球流動性危機68Please respect copyright.PENANA4O7j901GsV
1873年5月9號朝早68Please respect copyright.PENANABbEOgiDsjZ
就係嗰個年代嘅「雷曼時刻」喇68Please respect copyright.PENANA9QA3Fm6mFX
咁啱得咁橋68Please respect copyright.PENANAulf5HqUsQY
呢對猶太兄弟同佢地個阿哥所創立嗰間雜貨舖兼投資銀行68Please respect copyright.PENANAbXkyRMZt8G
喺呢次災難前察覺到鐵路同房地產市場嘅泡沫68Please respect copyright.PENANAELBqb7TmzW
而專注做番農業融資得以避過一劫之餘68Please respect copyright.PENANAHxRKbbavZF
再踩住佢啲同行條屍壯大68Please respect copyright.PENANAw7MnCKuofL
有咁嘅市場觸覺68Please respect copyright.PENANAGhcDF5m8Zi
他朝必定可以叱吒風雲主宰全球金融68Please respect copyright.PENANAWgeJe4oqJn…吖一時唔醒起佢地姓安信定華納定咩㖭
呢次災難嘅後遺症有好多68Please respect copyright.PENANAOyMaFbxgEN
例如因為銀根緊繃息率急升68Please respect copyright.PENANAgFREZZWbzE
令各行各業借貸成本暴漲68Please respect copyright.PENANAiSLKz3YUpL
從而令大量民生企業倒閉失業率飆升68Please respect copyright.PENANAsL1ID91Q4F
引發歐美地區長達廿年嘅「長期蕭條」68Please respect copyright.PENANATNJj6c3JZF
(本來1873年呢次係叫「大蕭條」嘅直至畀1929年嗰次搶咗個名)又例如猶太人被德語報章描繪成貪婪嘅吸血鬼68Please respect copyright.PENANAEuwFPjZHEQ
利用各種虛假嘅投資項目同高利貸68Please respect copyright.PENANAnj8GRgYCtl
榨取勤勞善良嘅工人辛苦勞動得嚟嘅血汗錢68Please respect copyright.PENANAagMRMQwswf
從而引發德語地區新一輪嘅反猶太運動68Please respect copyright.PENANADTxAbcsxvu
為日後希哥嘅「最終解決方案」奠定基礎等等68Please respect copyright.PENANAgJMKLf6DXn不過呢啲都唔係今集要講嘅嘢68Please respect copyright.PENANAQcdRAIbynL
呢度我想講講呢次流動性危機68Please respect copyright.PENANAPYMeiklcqw
係點樣誘使歐洲人去瓜分非洲
要知道喺嗰個金/銀本位嘅年代68Please respect copyright.PENANAvwxFxMDtlj
錢唔係話憑一句“In aircraft carrier god we trust”就印到出嚟68Please respect copyright.PENANAb5rdMEng3r
而一個國家有幾多錢68Please respect copyright.PENANACXymlVCrHg
就視乎佢嘅貿易順差有幾大喇68Please respect copyright.PENANA9jK3UjEGGZ
最完美嘅情況68Please respect copyright.PENANAHE3XpwUAi9
就係你有足夠多足夠平嘅商品之餘68Please respect copyright.PENANAiUrEJwnW7u
同時又冇需要進口其他國家嘅產品68Please respect copyright.PENANAKl0k9Rwa7F
當時英國呢個日不落帝國68Please respect copyright.PENANAMDKRtkpPsx
就相當接近呢個情況喇68Please respect copyright.PENANAmOWWgfnePV
喺漫長而又和平嘅19世紀68Please respect copyright.PENANAhneVlicwQY
英國憑藉強大嘅工業力量68Please respect copyright.PENANAITr0jsircE
支撐住絕對優勢嘅海軍68Please respect copyright.PENANABUTBsAJBjM
喺世界各地建立起一個又一個嘅殖民地68Please respect copyright.PENANArzb34zZZL6
再由呢啲殖民地獲取各種廉價嘅工業原材料68Please respect copyright.PENANAVA31CyjwOx
令自己嘅產品喺世界市場上得到無可比擬嘅成本優勢68Please respect copyright.PENANALtZorpBFiy
賺取更多嘅外匯68Please respect copyright.PENANAUcvJhmY507
從而建造更多更強嘅戰艦去霸佔更多嘅殖民地68Please respect copyright.PENANAauRLMEQpdG
形成牢不可破嘅正循環68Please respect copyright.PENANAYf9YufgFvj
簡單嚟講68Please respect copyright.PENANAZQo2G6PUNf
重商主義嘅精粹68Please respect copyright.PENANAORZpvtHP1h
就係要獲取比對手多嘅資源(aka殖民地)喇68Please respect copyright.PENANASfXW4wb3rk
1870年嘅日不落帝國
重商主義
嗰時嘅英國就好似而家嘅美國一樣68Please respect copyright.PENANAUZXeryYf3N
都係全球資本市場最主要嘅資金來源68Please respect copyright.PENANApFVItI77VV
所以當維也納股災引致英國收水時68Please respect copyright.PENANAq5WX5aelcw
全世界資本市場即時缺血68Please respect copyright.PENANAYIPGOz0Jc8
各國即時反應就梗係止血啦68Please respect copyright.PENANAub8f34Ro74
要止血最直接就加係關稅68Please respect copyright.PENANAbPVD5IoEK7
保護主義相繼喺各國抬頭68Please respect copyright.PENANAZqgGMK0TBU
不過對啲冇乜資源嘅國家嚟講68Please respect copyright.PENANA0ESTT64pvv
短期止到血啫68Please respect copyright.PENANATOamoLMyK6
長期嘅話一樣營養不良68Please respect copyright.PENANAVZ4XUnkUfP
因為你加得關稅68Please respect copyright.PENANAdNl7rATihs
人地一樣加得68Please respect copyright.PENANAywOqzBNHnQ
你要入口工業生產所欠缺嘅原材料68Please respect copyright.PENANAfQ6QZCZQeL
所繳交嘅關稅最終都會反映喺價格上68Please respect copyright.PENANAZP5PyDfADI
真係賺幾多都會畀人地啲關稅食晒68Please respect copyright.PENANAJzryCpr1Pi
所以最根本解決流動性危機嘅方法68Please respect copyright.PENANAt93RpW5P4h
就係奪取更加多嘅殖民地68Please respect copyright.PENANAt898PAL1bi
而喺嗰時68Please respect copyright.PENANAdwSBJvA0nY
全球仲未畀歐洲勢力劃分嘅地方68Please respect copyright.PENANAFkh0vM6DPr
就只有非洲內陸、太平洋啲山旮旯島嶼同南極洲68Please respect copyright.PENANAr6aXAU4UHr
加上自1850年代以嚟嘅尼羅河溯源之旅68Please respect copyright.PENANAdJSPxvxTGY
已經證實咗喺奎寧同格靈鎗嘅幫助下68Please respect copyright.PENANAd7pZTiYgqV
歐洲人係可以征服非洲最可怕嘅密林同土著王國68Please respect copyright.PENANAd8fqEEVBqj
喺呢個前提之下68Please respect copyright.PENANARhV2ruMLHu
《瓜分非洲》呢隻DLC就變得相當吸引68Please respect copyright.PENANAzVeJJ46TTJ
於是各個舊玩家好似西班牙、葡萄牙、英國、法國68Please respect copyright.PENANA26ChFfhNDE
以及新玩家好似德國、意大利同某個豆腐膶咁細嘅低地國國王68Please respect copyright.PENANAGSEvKKYy8n
都紛紛組織探險隊同遠征軍68Please respect copyright.PENANA7lyI8Vfl3T
務求快過對手一步68Please respect copyright.PENANADclAnKEZI4
奪取更多嘅殖民地68Please respect copyright.PENANAj1ntrSw6fm
以喺呢個現代經濟模式中佔到先機68Please respect copyright.PENANAYaxbprQTgc面對有足夠健康嘅士兵同格靈機鎗68Please respect copyright.PENANABCbxLLb154
無論係南非草原嘅祖魯戰士68Please respect copyright.PENANABjrvSZCYfA
抑或係西非黃金海岸密林嘅阿散蒂叛軍68Please respect copyright.PENANA2Wj6LqxLFc
都喺一陣陣“突突突”聲中化成碎片68Please respect copyright.PENANACK8vQ3Upgk
1876年非洲嘅殖民地68Please respect copyright.PENANAEL9idcNZ9U
可以見到除咗法國喺北非嘅阿爾及利亞68Please respect copyright.PENANAwgKJ2do4bM
西非嘅塞內加爾68Please respect copyright.PENANAqxrvlD0vBt
英國喺南非嘅開普殖民地68Please respect copyright.PENANAftFfifV95F
以及葡萄牙嗰喺東非同西非嗰兩撻有名無實嘅殖民地外68Please respect copyright.PENANAqErhlOc2Vk
其他嘅都係細到不值一提68Please respect copyright.PENANAsPs1DE19Mc
所有殖民地加埋都只有大約十份之一個非洲68Please respect copyright.PENANAV00LfsS3Hs
相對於同時期歐洲人已經全佔美洲同澳洲68Please respect copyright.PENANAcb8mTy1xyd
亞洲亦都有一半以上嘅勢力落入歐洲人手中68Please respect copyright.PENANAUBR5YMDpRu
殖民非洲的確係緩慢好多68Please respect copyright.PENANABTy0kbLl97
不過情況將會好快改變⋯⋯
68Please respect copyright.PENANALVRtjA58Ia
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會留意到68Please respect copyright.PENANAerI6304YpR
今次金融災難明明美國佬都舐晒嘢㗎喎68Please respect copyright.PENANAezPcLndUWh
點解後來佢地又冇玩《瓜分非洲》呢68Please respect copyright.PENANAbOUo1OJOzJ
(除咗喺西非嗰撻自由黑鬼放養地68Please respect copyright.PENANArEPY0Z2WFD
之後都會講講關於呢班源自非洲嘅外來物種有趣嘅故事)68Please respect copyright.PENANAJgNtiXoh0b
呢樣正正就係美國之所以為「天選之國」嘅原因喇68Please respect copyright.PENANAoyjwq1Nc0Q
美洲係好柒大好多資源嘅68Please respect copyright.PENANAlbRpbULU3V
地理上亦都離歐亞大陸好遠68Please respect copyright.PENANALyqWB3rBY1
與其山長水遠走去非洲同舊世界班老屎忽爭餅食68Please respect copyright.PENANAJc9uhZEpo4
不如留番喺度開發好過68Please respect copyright.PENANAPUzdNpHyVU
所以美國立國以嚟個發展方向都係向西68Please respect copyright.PENANAXuuRpjRE2H
由大西洋一路去到太平洋68Please respect copyright.PENANAQqnsZ7zXyC
再將太平洋變成自己個私家泳池68Please respect copyright.PENANAH5ey4lMyGn
成就出新一代舉世無雙嘅海洋霸權68Please respect copyright.PENANA8jRLTejZjT
呢啲就係美國自我實現嘅「昭昭天命」(Manifest Destiny)喇68Please respect copyright.PENANAFXWFaUue0S
哥倫比亞女神右手攞住科學左手拉起電報線68Please respect copyright.PENANAoT5hYwkrPH
引領拓荒者將光明由東邊帶往西部68Please respect copyright.PENANAjqN4RpBxnr
留意番幅圖左邊啲印第安人係走住屌嘅
不過玩咗幾年啲列強就開始覺得有啲唔對路喇68Please respect copyright.PENANAOV44BKfzgF
係呀面對啲揸住長矛牛皮盾嘅黑鬼68Please respect copyright.PENANA48o9UaxVjz
梗係冇問題啦68Please respect copyright.PENANAQZaiNEIxgX
不過玩到咁上緊68Please respect copyright.PENANA5WcYPxnLQT
實會同其他玩家嘅領地有交接㗎喎68Please respect copyright.PENANAGfHDAONnoB
嗰度山長水遠到時有咩爭拗衝突都幾麻煩68Please respect copyright.PENANAnOejRAr6kw
究竟點樣先為之有效佔領擁有咗某個地方呢?68Please respect copyright.PENANAUWm8r5psL7
領地內嘅河流係咪可以獨家使用定要同隔離分享呢?68Please respect copyright.PENANAY3HMhvD8pf
呢啲問題隨住剛果盆地嘅爭議而浮上枱面68Please respect copyright.PENANAcrJTtGDrLL
──1880年法國探險家皮耶・布拉柴搶先一步喺剛果河北岸建立布拉柴維爾68Please respect copyright.PENANAS8cEa8C5zr
當時比利時國王利奧波德二世隻馬仔亨利・史坦利見到唔對路68Please respect copyright.PENANAA9mxGOjDmz
就嗱嗱臨喺對岸起咗個以佢老細嚟命名嘅哨站仔(利奧波德維爾,即係而家嘅金沙薩)68Please respect copyright.PENANAVHT4IQuvCX
以阻止法國佬南下68Please respect copyright.PENANA4rihyXfKT7
由此引發咗一連串嘅領土同航行權爭議68Please respect copyright.PENANAGXTEynYlc7
世上相距最近嘅首都(唔計羅馬同梵蒂岡)68Please respect copyright.PENANA5DzqpulmNJ
直線距離唔夠3公里68Please respect copyright.PENANAEnQdgv1GGJ
不過最意想不到嘅68Please respect copyright.PENANA1pksL46w1H
係竟然有飛機航班來往呢兩個城市68Please respect copyright.PENANAPkcVE66y3o
全程唔使5分鐘
歐洲佬對呢啲殖民地領土爭議並唔陌生68Please respect copyright.PENANA4mvz8baihD
其實免得過嘅話佢地都唔想為呢啲殖民地打仗68Please respect copyright.PENANAdBfVe3ij1N
好似西班牙同葡萄牙簽署嘅《托爾德西里亞斯條約》同《薩拉戈薩條約》68Please respect copyright.PENANANej0WmXHMg
就令呢兩個世仇唔使為爭奪全球嘅殖民地而大動干戈68Please respect copyright.PENANAMhsfLQIwNo不過今次咁多玩家一齊喺同一個地方玩嘅話68Please respect copyright.PENANATx4YdEE2uo
所牽涉利益嘅複雜性68Please respect copyright.PENANAVReVTce1W1
就唔係呢啲雙邊條約可以處理到喇68Please respect copyright.PENANAm4xyyuR5z8
佢地急需坐埋一齊研究吓68Please respect copyright.PENANAqqW1KykCrt
呢隻《瓜分非洲》68Please respect copyright.PENANAN5hyfieTq8
究竟要有啲咩遊戲規則...68Please respect copyright.PENANAe1v6Ioi6UC
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAzmkLpfFemZ
.68Please respect copyright.PENANACByOZo117H
.68Please respect copyright.PENANATGvs92Mmtp
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAV0YsqeGOuL
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAaHknxDYRwj
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAIa1GesJz5Z
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAcOicQsFhTm
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAaQp7SfdEmj
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAYqczFQOwdX
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAgiSbZxjjht
.68Please respect copyright.PENANA2h8tH4Gklj
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAFVmfY4zPwj
.68Please respect copyright.PENANABXd71ffRk8
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAzXGFeadZRm
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAw2vDLQAqSy
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAewrQsAkS3b
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAwlL5lTniZ9
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAYC32YD3QvF
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAazY8AI3a7u
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAWX08mjM0bk
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAdVJPDrZkEL
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAlrcOgMiNJj
.68Please respect copyright.PENANA8DSH3LXMTS
.68Please respect copyright.PENANA1IAnKMJYen
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAOIISrmDreH
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAxAJ2wfDSMl
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAgxcmDWsjnD
.68Please respect copyright.PENANAKj2sJI0Ke6
.68Please respect copyright.PENANA7YADgm6gOO
.68Please respect copyright.PENANA6Ar3dZmKfW
68Please respect copyright.PENANAi6euHTnPxl
…唔使咁急喎68Please respect copyright.PENANAZiI9XZba5p
食埋件餅先慢慢傾啦68Please respect copyright.PENANAdgcDCh8zrD下一集《柏林盛宴》68Please respect copyright.PENANALNBEDfvB5G
就會講吓呢個喺後世惡名昭彰嘅柏林會議68Please respect copyright.PENANA2NvEcrSkGx
當中嘅來龍去脈喇