2018年3月,前俄羅斯間謀Sergei Skripai及其女兒在英國被人下毒,毒藥被證實為蘇聯在冷戰時期所研發的神經毒素Novichok。693Please respect copyright.PENANAqvwwzgyGuX
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2020年8月20日,一名極力反對普京的社會領袖Alexei Navalny,亦遭受到同類型的毒素傷害,表面證據暫時相信為被人在茶裡下毒。693Please respect copyright.PENANAeU6Cok3Atz
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本篇深入淺出,將會簡述神經系統的運作,以及神經毒素Novichok的機制。693Please respect copyright.PENANAzqaH5eQYGc
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(圖1)神經線負責傳遞信息,為身體內的橋樑。橋樑並不是緊密相扣著的,一條神經線質另一條神經線互相均有著一道空隙。693Please respect copyright.PENANAbz65Hu0uuV
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(圖2)訊息在神經線中主要是以電流的方式傳遞。693Please respect copyright.PENANA4T9JtDA7W3
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電流來到神經線A的末端後,便會觸發ACh釋出,使ACh來到神經線之間的空隙。693Please respect copyright.PENANAGzvkHRLVbN
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ACh與另一神經線的Receptor結合後,便會觸發新一道的電流產生,使訊息一直能傳遞到終點。693Please respect copyright.PENANAL9BB9Bcc79
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(圖3)神經線空隙的AChE負責分解ACh,以免電流長期持續產生。693Please respect copyright.PENANAOL9TDFrSEO
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而俄國最愛的神經毒素Novichok則會與AChE合併及抑制AChE的功能,導致ACh不會被分解,使ACh無了期與神經線的Receptor結合,長期產生神經線電流的傳播,導致患者出現抽搐、癲癇等症狀,沒能適時治療的話更會導致死亡。693Please respect copyright.PENANA9IctcGj9fD
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解毒劑暫時有幾種,Atropine能阻截ACh與Receptor合併,Pralidoxime能夠促使Novichok無法與AChE結合。693Please respect copyright.PENANAJBXwwfSIhr
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這些解毒劑雖然可以使患者康復起來,但患者的認知及肌肉功大有可能會有收到永久性的損害。693Please respect copyright.PENANAFfpxPua1mJ
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