此命題由汪汪真鳩喂(#5523)巴打提供,在此作出致謝。635Please respect copyright.PENANAFoXD7Lgg5f
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貓捉老鼠,天公地義,警黑合作,違背道義。635Please respect copyright.PENANA65aF4K62I1
在回答貓隻究竟會否因為捉老鼠而患上鼠疫(Plague)之前,我們先行快速了解一下鼠疫的背景資料。635Please respect copyright.PENANAqkmnc4JABV635Please respect copyright.PENANAJpOcJ6g4KJ
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鼠疫至少釀成全球二億人的死亡,由細菌Yersinia pestis 引致,為1894年細菌學家Alexandre Yersin在香港鼠疫爆發時搵出,因此取其名字Yersinia命名(Ref1);635Please respect copyright.PENANAv498AafBLu
同期亦有一名日本科學家同在香港相近時間分離出致病的細菌,但因報告內容有些許具爭議性的地方,功勞普遍被嘉許在前者身上。635Please respect copyright.PENANAbDZYbf5MFa
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鼠疫在人類史上可分為三大時期,分別為:635Please respect copyright.PENANAr2bi0dk806
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1. 第6-8世紀時期的查士丁尼瘟疫635Please respect copyright.PENANA5rGrCTgIVm
(Justinian’s Plague)635Please respect copyright.PENANApf68xtGyOv
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2.第14-18世紀別名為黑死病的瘟疫635Please respect copyright.PENANAO7Xpn4tMLF
(Black Death)635Please respect copyright.PENANAMBsGtpIGfU
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3.現代635Please respect copyright.PENANACVF4vxYbNI
(近期較為大型的一次為發生在2017年馬達加斯加,釀成202人死)635Please respect copyright.PENANA3Nhu5f6FQ8
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雖然鼠疫歷史長久,但疫苗研究側重在其他疾病上的關係,現時其實並沒有具高效力的疫苗在市面,不少疫苗還停留在臨床研究階段當中;635Please respect copyright.PENANA0hISrD9JIX
美軍在越戰所用的疫苗,效果被證實非常參差,而且大部份接種者均展示出強烈的不良反應。635Please respect copyright.PENANAwSFATv1jbZ
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(圖2)雖然我們用上鼠疫在形容此疾病,但Yersinia pestis細菌其實是寄宿在蝨的身體裡頭,藉著蝨的幫助下傳播開去。635Please respect copyright.PENANAiP10tNFt0Z635Please respect copyright.PENANAbBz8kmOG8q
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受感染的蝨會寄居在囓齒動物身上,促使被咬的囓齒動物將會感染鼠疫。635Please respect copyright.PENANArWvemMDRiq
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現今的Yersinia pestis細菌品種,相信是透過蝨與囓齒動物不斷的互相傳遞而演發出來。635Please respect copyright.PENANA9WwxoZQj2z
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之於人類患上鼠疫的途徑,則主要是接觸受鼠疫感染的動物、遭受感染的蝨咬傷或吸入受感染的動物體液所致。635Please respect copyright.PENANAz52rstJF5a
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(圖3)鼠疫可以大致分為三大類,Bubonic plague、Septicemic plague及Pneumonic plague,其分別及特徵一律在圖中列出。635Please respect copyright.PENANA4ZYXaRBUEU635Please respect copyright.PENANAzOkN6ss608
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(圖4)而非常遺憾的是,貓隻是可以因捕捉受感染的鼠隻而患上鼠疫的。635Please respect copyright.PENANAjzP4D6Orka
貓隻大多數的感染個案為Bubonic plague(Ref2),主人有機會因為被寄宿在貓隻身上受感染的蝨所咬而患上Bubonic plague,但亦有個別個案因為主人與貓隻親吻,因而接觸貓隻口水而患上Pneumonic plague。635Please respect copyright.PENANAdhQR8FrUCN635Please respect copyright.PENANAoEVpDnvATD
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當然,圖中所列舉的徵狀只是概論,一切由專業獸醫診斷為最準,而治療的手法跟治療人的方式一樣,一般開上抗生素作治療,而有必要時亦可能會隔離貓隻3日或以上。635Please respect copyright.PENANAt4OakEieCw
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各位巴絲想到有趣話題的話,不妨在留言提出,話題有趣且我有能力講解的話,將會被製作成為深入淺出的題材。635Please respect copyright.PENANAWsb9dPLrUZ
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。635Please respect copyright.PENANAiVo3G1g0Kn
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc635Please respect copyright.PENANAGyyNhyDV4C
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41435-019-0065-0635Please respect copyright.PENANAZdIzuNwWW9
Ref2:https://www.merckvetmanual.com/cat-owners/disorders-affecting-multiple-body-systems-of-cats/plague-in-cats635Please respect copyright.PENANAO7ryvWSaIa