白內障是糖尿病引發出的一種常見徵狀,而箇中的因由,事實上是與我們日常生活息息相關的。205Please respect copyright.PENANAVHFjR0fvVL
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(圖2)我們眼睛的Lens部位之所以呈透明,主要是因為裡頭一種名為Crystallin的蛋白質所致。205Please respect copyright.PENANAPWG6hrEXqE
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氨基酸組合成一起的話,我們會稱之為蛋白質。205Please respect copyright.PENANAm1tb8vUy7h
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而糖尿病所引起的白內障,就是糖份與Crystallin蛋白質的氨基酸產生反應,形成淡黃色的物質所致。205Please respect copyright.PENANAZKp0WhEeZg
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(圖3)氨基酸與某類別的糖份在高溫處理下,便會產生啡色物質及帶有香味等等的化學物,這個過程又稱之為梅納反應 (Maillard reaction);205Please respect copyright.PENANAXcsYNAQPiy
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雖然梅納本人發佈梅納反應結果的時候,隻字沒有提及過會在食物上產生。205Please respect copyright.PENANAqBCIk1DYLO
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而糖尿病白內障的形成,原理跟梅納反應非常接近,同樣是血糖與Crystallin氨基酸產生啡黃色物質所致。205Please respect copyright.PENANANYCmRhN32E
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不同的是,白內障整個過程是長期在37度裡頭發生,而我們日常煮食/焗麵包/燒烤的溫度大多情況下會比37度為高,故此眼睛產生啡黃色物質的速度亦比較緩慢。205Please respect copyright.PENANAUsbYJHECW2
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有科學家亦曾嘗試將牛及人類的眼睛晶片放在陰暗位置的糖水裡10個月,其分離出的淡黃色物質,跟患有白內障的眼睛晶片所分離出的是一模一樣。205Please respect copyright.PENANAydQlKmuPTb
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蛋白質產生出來後,細胞會有機制會將其毀滅,然後再產生新的蛋白質;205Please respect copyright.PENANAqjDFV1EaU3
尤其是蛋白質出現不正常的改變或損毀的時候,這過程尤為重要。205Please respect copyright.PENANASQco3Z7OD8
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而眼睛晶片的Crystallin蛋白質,因為天生屬於「毀滅然後再生」極為緩慢的一群,因此就算遭受到糖份改造,細胞亦沒能作出處理及更正。205Please respect copyright.PENANAOeMUXvfQfg
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除眼睛晶片外,紅血球亦是遭受糖份梅納反應影響的一群。因此很多時候,某類別被糖份改造的紅血球含量會成為探測糖尿病的指標。205Please respect copyright.PENANAg1ibDYivT5
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Ref1:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/anie.201308808205Please respect copyright.PENANAYuxvzTpb9t
Ref2:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/211/4481/491/tab-pdf205Please respect copyright.PENANAt0vlE0tCgI