腸道是我們身體其中一道消化器官，其內壁表面含有名為絨毛(villi)的結構，輔助營養的吸收;497Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvDr600cwiV
而絨毛與絨毛之間，則有名為crypt的凹陷結構。497Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvxgg16Gioj
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(圖2)凹陷的crypt結構大多由幹細胞構成，它們會自我複製及演化，且不斷向上發展到達villi結構，形成可負責幫忙吸取營養的細胞。497Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKGKdVxXsPL
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(圖3)若位於crypt的幹細胞出現相應的基因突變(KrasG12D /PIK3CAH1047R )，它們會釋放出界別為BMP activator及WNT inactivator的物質，而當鄰近的正常細胞吸取這些物質後，出現基因突變的機率亦會提升。497Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO3kKTvyify
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換句話說，只要一顆位於crypt的幹細胞出現突變的話，便會出現火燒連環船一樣的效果，一傳十十傳百的透導各鄰近的細胞出現異變，成為癌細胞的一份子。497Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzxnq5YfjVt
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。497Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgyx8y4ec2O
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc497Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQlmpbwwtE5
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。497Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWzGg2vAyiC
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Link:497Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡapoDNWzE7T
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio497Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEl15QSDCCe
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除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account，否則我的IG將不會再作更新，只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。497Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXMQJnLSEEb
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03605-0
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