隨著細胞的基因變異一直累積，正常細胞形成癌細胞的機會亦會相應提升。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8dEvRwmuhu
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaBHLokyonQ
但細胞是否只需要基因變異這一個誘因便能夠轉化為癌細胞呢？557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4X30HErqC5
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwiTs9iI5Mu
這一方面還有一定程度的斟酌空間。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzV6PfBs8fx
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNlzOwQsLQ2
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpNLX1RZNnD
舉例來說，NOTCH1基因變異被認定為是推進食道細胞轉化成為癌細胞的其中一個原因。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPYxvthVjya
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡymLay9VUt2
但在長者的健康食道細胞裡頭，約有30-80%的細胞均擁有NOTCH1基因變異，而他們身體並沒有出現及發生食道癌。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHnqoZqJFLG
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWIMgvJptma
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡatWiPuV27W
（圖2）而在老鼠實驗方面，單憑服用DMBA (引致Hras基因變異)或Croton oil(引致發炎效用，不會促進基因變異)的話，並不會引起癌細胞的出現。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNmQm3aF5GZ
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrWVI8Qp4hg
唯獨兩者以先後的方式給予老鼠的話，癌細胞才會有所形成。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlTri3DEnEm
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj9mAEBMm5c
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL4SE9SFTwR
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這不禁讓科學家開始思考一道問題，是否基因變異再加上某種特定條件，就可以促進癌細胞形成呢？557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjfOGr6hlIy
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNwjp327oXF
（圖3）為解答這個問題，英國開始了名為Mutographs的計劃，557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm34E7iSUko
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCH23X6jPpR
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3di2vRGmW9
集5大洲超過5000個病人的癌細胞基因圖譜(主要集中在食道、大腸、腎臟及胰臟癌)，557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCZIfYS2PPo
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFez4INpTLn
同時比對病人的日常習慣(食用習慣、酒精飲用、熱飲喜好等等)，557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8PjbON8TX1
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAo4jNqu1ex
其中一個目標就是想找出哪一種特殊條件配上某一個基因變異會特別容易促進癌細胞的形成。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA1MKeOPvAe
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbBIGkka1u1
若然能得出確切的結果並附上內裡的細胞機制支持的話，這將會為預防癌症形成的領域作出重大的貢獻。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4sIlYmdOkT
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8C6L9HOvEJ
以上的資料均取自Ref1。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhWMJNNxPJ6
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX6ZFP3CGdS
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ9Xn23ZnW3
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYw3CW014NW
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVNkpWCUXJO
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHyP9YoPoau
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH73bqBzh40
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Link:557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFQ77YjYKoD
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ79rkFtGljX
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0wPLFFMAt4
557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6PUOO2tKK9
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡisOOklOZ90
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https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/557Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7L3xG22Hfs
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-020-00727-5
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