老鼠一直對科研發展作出了無比的貢獻,科學家利用老鼠探究癌症、各種疾病以及細胞各式各樣的機制。978Please respect copyright.PENANA7R2LxKmrKY978Please respect copyright.PENANAf6IscsCD5e
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(圖2)有時候,科學家會利用「漁翁撒網」的方式來試圖解決難題。978Please respect copyright.PENANAg6xXVEHtqI978Please respect copyright.PENANAcx9bGE6VMx
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譬如說,若果科學家想探討老鼠的那一條基因負責控制老鼠耳朵的顏色,其中一種漁翁撒網的手段就會用上化學物質N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) 。978Please respect copyright.PENANA8pE1loiUmm
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對老鼠注射ENU的話,其基因突變的機率會高出300倍有多。978Please respect copyright.PENANATLTGeKxlQ2
同樣能導致基因突變的X-Ray,效率就只有約100倍有多。978Please respect copyright.PENANAlJRJ5oD9pf
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(圖3)對男性老鼠注射ENU的話,他每一顆精子均會有出現不同的隨機基因變異。978Please respect copyright.PENANABscK2RfXfp
換句話說,他的後代也會繼承其相應的基因變異。978Please respect copyright.PENANAbZP8OZrnWj978Please respect copyright.PENANAa4UylQrlWW
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我們剛才假設的命題是那一條基因負責控制老鼠耳朵的顏色,若運氣足夠的話,例如小新出現了藍耳朵,那麼科學家們便大可以追查究竟是哪一條基因出現了變異,然後再深入調查箇中的機制。978Please respect copyright.PENANA6Y8zUynp8j
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這方法顯然是完全依靠運氣,幸運的話就可能有驚天大發現,無運的話就是資源、時間、金錢一筆清。這方法顯然亦會牽涉到動物的倫理道德問題。如何妥善不浪費所有受過變異的老鼠,是研究人員需要深思的問題。978Please respect copyright.PENANAwhVnnPajln
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Ref1:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11567631/978Please respect copyright.PENANA15Dt4P60cM
Ref2:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1197804/978Please respect copyright.PENANABNCCe0h3Ic