極端氣候開始陸續浮現,人為及自然因素相信均有份參與。在這層面上,我們有沒有辦法可以得知以往的氣候變化又是如何呢?283Please respect copyright.PENANAWW9qYTXc9m
283Please respect copyright.PENANAWazTu74FXm
本篇將會探討一下測量地球海洋溫度轉變的其中一一道辦法。283Please respect copyright.PENANAiP1q0EGqjZ
283Please respect copyright.PENANAfR7d1qRqPZ
283Please respect copyright.PENANA8MwhmyEDUE
283Please respect copyright.PENANAtL8zawtudY
(圖2)二氧化碳是由一個碳原子(C)及兩個氧原子(O)而組成。283Please respect copyright.PENANAwxJvFJtdzE
283Please respect copyright.PENANA7jRo5ytX3w
283Please respect copyright.PENANAy0Lb9aC2Iy
用沒有讀過理科的角度來觀看,碳原子在自然界會以12C、13C及其他形式的狀態呈現,其中以12C呈現的方式佔大多數,達98.89%。而13C的比例則為1.11%。283Please respect copyright.PENANAfYDuyAuAEP
283Please respect copyright.PENANA0EL8fBYBvD
氧原子亦是同一道理,在自然界會以16O、18O及其他形式的狀態呈現。283Please respect copyright.PENANAen9pY5hkmt
283Please respect copyright.PENANAECuplLp7RR
整個情形就像是明治香蕉朱古力一樣,雖然同是香蕉狀,但有極少數的朱古力會以黃金香蕉的方式呈現。283Please respect copyright.PENANAELvrznp5VZ
283Please respect copyright.PENANAIDXMqdR3d0
(圖3)位於深海的有孔蟲(Foraminifera)的外殼含有CaCO3物質。它們會與水產生反應,因而交換氧原子的呈現方式。283Please respect copyright.PENANAudWzqRTRFd
283Please respect copyright.PENANAbjblL2zy8U
283Please respect copyright.PENANABuxiynGXMn
非常重要的是,這反應會隨著溫度提升而加速進行。283Please respect copyright.PENANA6FixKX4FI4
283Please respect copyright.PENANAIOzS8i8Zjn
亦即是說,溫度越高的話,越多有孔蟲外殼的CaCO3物質會以18O的方式呈現。283Please respect copyright.PENANAglHCwVKlNy
283Please respect copyright.PENANAMI1GcV6iXQ
(圖4)科學家透過測量不同年代的孔蟲化石外殼的氧原子狀態,從而推論出不同時代的海洋溫度。283Please respect copyright.PENANAvU3ywni6t3
283Please respect copyright.PENANAdnJakHCOD1
283Please respect copyright.PENANAmtakljNKGp
從圖中可見,海洋的溫度正呈著不斷下降的趨勢。283Please respect copyright.PENANAoXxa3sEpRC
283Please respect copyright.PENANAtsPT5gV1Xu
海洋溫度會影響大海吸收二氧化碳的能力及內裡的生物鏈,而海洋溫度正不斷下降,究竟是好還是壞呢?283Please respect copyright.PENANAzMJL3q8WeT
283Please respect copyright.PENANA9cBicaFnoC
283Please respect copyright.PENANAKKeJG44QuU
283Please respect copyright.PENANAbIJ5QHJ1xm
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。283Please respect copyright.PENANAkkh5G5mvws
283Please respect copyright.PENANAtbM8iPpDy0
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc283Please respect copyright.PENANAg2dO49DgRz
283Please respect copyright.PENANA8cuKSWc5PH
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。283Please respect copyright.PENANAQcfu3uua9q
283Please respect copyright.PENANAG7WdD7HIUs
Link:283Please respect copyright.PENANAwzqFPFCITm
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio283Please respect copyright.PENANAGV34Eh3znJ
283Please respect copyright.PENANAaPmRP0KiXb
283Please respect copyright.PENANA4hY7YRA7dk
除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account,否則我的IG將不會再作更新,只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。283Please respect copyright.PENANA9IwyJCLy5x
283Please respect copyright.PENANADyaTl8YsYn
Ref1:https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~peter/Resources/Seminar/readings/Ravelo%20&%20Hillaire-Marcel.2007.pdf283Please respect copyright.PENANA4Bux7cCyoR
Ref2:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6534/1148283Please respect copyright.PENANAQPb9XtGm29