隨著細胞的基因變異一直累積，正常細胞形成癌細胞的機會亦會相應提升。49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGeq4AMdQDz
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但細胞是否只需要基因變異這一個誘因便能夠轉化為癌細胞呢？49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxm39KBpMJr
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這一方面還有一定程度的斟酌空間。49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgS8EWwxENI
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舉例來說，NOTCH1基因變異被認定為是推進食道細胞轉化成為癌細胞的其中一個原因。49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQi2U9CQRNp
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但在長者的健康食道細胞裡頭，約有30-80%的細胞均擁有NOTCH1基因變異，而他們身體並沒有出現及發生食道癌。49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVe4SsWwMqQ
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（圖2）而在老鼠實驗方面，單憑服用DMBA (引致Hras基因變異)或Croton oil(引致發炎效用，不會促進基因變異)的話，並不會引起癌細胞的出現。49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIPc5fZdQ09
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唯獨兩者以先後的方式給予老鼠的話，癌細胞才會有所形成。49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4GHNgECofC
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這不禁讓科學家開始思考一道問題，是否基因變異再加上某種特定條件，就可以促進癌細胞形成呢？49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpIDiFs6xXk
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（圖3）為解答這個問題，英國開始了名為Mutographs的計劃，49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXcCOkiWYmf
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集5大洲超過5000個病人的癌細胞基因圖譜(主要集中在食道、大腸、腎臟及胰臟癌)，49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWryHc4DAsC
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同時比對病人的日常習慣(食用習慣、酒精飲用、熱飲喜好等等)，49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF0lq57GfhM
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其中一個目標就是想找出哪一種特殊條件配上某一個基因變異會特別容易促進癌細胞的形成。49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTHQeoZtH9I
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若然能得出確切的結果並附上內裡的細胞機制支持的話，這將會為預防癌症形成的領域作出重大的貢獻。49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡocvcYGux4y
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以上的資料均取自Ref1。49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiNefAKUtxW
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ6JiKPifX4
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtB9MBpgTGt
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnHnqHo9UFx
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Link:49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCbmPzuIOVI
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrVqbHob1H1
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWNHfhNw6Xy
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https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/49Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7JmHsmmDXA
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-020-00727-5copyright protection45ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1ZCU21DLn2
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