隨著細胞的基因變異一直累積，正常細胞形成癌細胞的機會亦會相應提升。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJjlyPR1K24
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIU6eGjX5Z7
但細胞是否只需要基因變異這一個誘因便能夠轉化為癌細胞呢？558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqYqBOlG7Ik
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ03kIvpH9cl
這一方面還有一定程度的斟酌空間。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOissDJNsz4
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm7Fzmvq8tE
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYvlhstuQDI
舉例來說，NOTCH1基因變異被認定為是推進食道細胞轉化成為癌細胞的其中一個原因。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAVYflEn6Jf
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpoTaWZ8wt6
但在長者的健康食道細胞裡頭，約有30-80%的細胞均擁有NOTCH1基因變異，而他們身體並沒有出現及發生食道癌。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7iOHhWshsQ
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGROnnzsAIr
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCDDZOM2Ydf
（圖2）而在老鼠實驗方面，單憑服用DMBA (引致Hras基因變異)或Croton oil(引致發炎效用，不會促進基因變異)的話，並不會引起癌細胞的出現。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg6oO57PEeL
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa09dCgKhfp
唯獨兩者以先後的方式給予老鼠的話，癌細胞才會有所形成。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJVL5jXeo6Q
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhOeLAZsPOK
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoXjOKHwDg9
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIPXO9raFxj
這不禁讓科學家開始思考一道問題，是否基因變異再加上某種特定條件，就可以促進癌細胞形成呢？558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡktwuUoeWIf
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA4gAzPLTs5
（圖3）為解答這個問題，英國開始了名為Mutographs的計劃，558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ95zJEcn07c
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8b4CVl2bIa
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡygyziuSUT3
集5大洲超過5000個病人的癌細胞基因圖譜(主要集中在食道、大腸、腎臟及胰臟癌)，558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUewLVhH7uq
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdpkhvT5WC0
同時比對病人的日常習慣(食用習慣、酒精飲用、熱飲喜好等等)，558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGbFKRCCoIV
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy2LYvMtPU4
其中一個目標就是想找出哪一種特殊條件配上某一個基因變異會特別容易促進癌細胞的形成。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfVSshI8uRV
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX8fzAV6a4R
若然能得出確切的結果並附上內裡的細胞機制支持的話，這將會為預防癌症形成的領域作出重大的貢獻。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT2i5rKplAB
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ321oed8psn
以上的資料均取自Ref1。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHi6XRyAa1m
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡedgTxCWGbg
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwfe9fkNPdo
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWdiP3Xhzln
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDjOhzsVLt9
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ94SoudaYDs
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGDwBbnPNJT
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2uG5zdeqv5
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR6M8X1LdXz
Link:558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr7xv8hJa96
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡskROO9ZNhj
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdxBVPNKACu
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS9GVxzkaIu
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVHePJCYrMM
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https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3SqfCI81Br
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-020-00727-5
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