現今已知接近有7萬幾種的基因變異會引起疾病。476Please respect copyright.PENANA7FJtEPolis476Please respect copyright.PENANAc0vGOakk6C
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隨著CRISPR基因編輯技術的興起,將會為根治這些疾病帶來曙光。476Please respect copyright.PENANAuip4ORmisP
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(圖2)圖中將展示「舊式」的編輯方法HDR(Homology Directed Repair)機制。476Please respect copyright.PENANAzR6jb1Hduu476Please respect copyright.PENANA3hzIspV4RM
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sgRNA將會引領Cas9蛋白質抵達不理想的基因突變位置,其後Cas9蛋白質會將基因斬斷成兩截;476Please respect copyright.PENANADSjwl1BZ3v
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根據Cas9蛋白質的特性,可修改至只斬一條特定的DNA位置,其後會再提及。476Please respect copyright.PENANAm809ywOfoI
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(圖3)此時候,如果將盛載想修改的基因排組送到斷成兩截的基因附近,細胞便會加以利用,將原本的紫色區域改成為黃色區域。476Please respect copyright.PENANAU6Xhu34S5x476Please respect copyright.PENANA6MZYRjbv0g
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但這個方法的隨機性非常之高,最終結果有可能會出現基因刪減,又或者是其他基因排組的插入。476Please respect copyright.PENANA4knZ00WigP
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套用基因編輯技術於治療病人身上的話,精準度必須要非常之高,此手段明顯並不理想。476Please respect copyright.PENANAYsdy4Eczxu
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(圖4)至於新式編輯方法Prime Editing方面,同樣亦是套用CRISPR技術,但各組件及理念則有所修改。476Please respect copyright.PENANA06tt6LO8kG476Please respect copyright.PENANAsSOax81b3Q
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擁有Transcriptase Domain的Cas9變種蛋白質將會被含有預想修改基因排組的pegRNA引領到不理想的基因突變位置,而這一次只會斬斷特定的一條DNA。476Please respect copyright.PENANAL12jNJUJAi
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(圖5)其後,Cas9變種蛋白質會讀取pegRNA內含的預想修改基因排組,並將一條DNA的基因排組成功修改。476Please respect copyright.PENANAVkKgEMlPZZ476Please respect copyright.PENANAt9mhKRyndq
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經過一系列難以深入淺出的程序後,最終亦會完成成功修改雙方兩截的DNA。476Please respect copyright.PENANAPPUIvBYfid
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(圖6)紅色區域為不理想的基因修改結果(Ref2),新式編輯方法PrimeEditing明顯優勝於舊式編輯方法HDR,但仍有一定程度的進步空間。476Please respect copyright.PENANAIaudUr9VnO476Please respect copyright.PENANA98U8vPdJeK
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有朝一日,CRISPR基因編輯技術定必會在治療疾病上得以普及化。476Please respect copyright.PENANAOnb0dGz7O5
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。476Please respect copyright.PENANAfJnLcHlRw7
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc476Please respect copyright.PENANAYYg1o2sRfH
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。476Please respect copyright.PENANAci00KO11zR
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Link:476Please respect copyright.PENANApEEAapxuFA
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio476Please respect copyright.PENANA0leUliPhv0
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1711-4476Please respect copyright.PENANA15vlvJFf29
Ref2:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19136-7
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