上一篇的深入淺出講述了人體的體味,緊接以來的這一篇將會講述一下大自然界的「體味」互動。828Please respect copyright.PENANA7pNEr7hxAw
828Please respect copyright.PENANAvNHWcyMUYS
https://www.penana.com/article/468715828Please respect copyright.PENANAKWJpG4LK8P
828Please respect copyright.PENANACVUCP57TM9
適者生存,弱肉強食,一向被喻為大自然界的法則。828Please respect copyright.PENANA5O9eiLeCvT
植物作為食物鏈的最底層,大多時候也逃不過被食物鏈上層生物侵食的局面。828Please respect copyright.PENANAeaTXHsNbAW
828Please respect copyright.PENANArBvTSyy5PE
828Please respect copyright.PENANARzZqLUfBAc
圖1為毛蟲獵食樹葉的畫面,這棵植物並不是捕蠅草系列,看起上來的確沒有任何反擊或防禦的手段,任人魚肉。828Please respect copyright.PENANA5gjYYPGICu
828Please respect copyright.PENANA2efCesfPNR
但實情其實並非如此。828Please respect copyright.PENANAqL9mOvQW3w
828Please respect copyright.PENANAgTMJa6lWK9
828Please respect copyright.PENANAdHfOZwmGOY
圖2為椿象從後出現,反過來獵食毛蟲的畫面。然而,椿象的出現並不是偶然,而是植物暗中「召喚」而來的。828Please respect copyright.PENANAmXHQM9EW18
828Please respect copyright.PENANAxcsmykxZIb
828Please respect copyright.PENANAVkXPXU85oB
828Please respect copyright.PENANAwhJxE6e02t
圖3,當樹葉收到傷害的時候,它們會即時釋放出一堆統稱為 Green Leave Volatiles(GLV)的化合物(Ref1),這個情況下,毛蟲的口水包含著一些物質,會將這些GLV化合物由Z形態轉化成為E形態;828Please respect copyright.PENANAJQnAuhxO2X
828Please respect copyright.PENANALiJCdkTLnI
這物質究竟是甚麼,科學家暫時還沒清楚,只是知道該物質在高溫下便會失效。828Please respect copyright.PENANAeSQlru3ESC
828Please respect copyright.PENANA8KtfAU08v8
Z形態及E形態是化學用詞,用在描述化學物的形態。828Please respect copyright.PENANA2uJ4wqG9hA
828Please respect copyright.PENANAMgn0NVSZUj
強硬來說的話,Z形態就是用胡蘿蔔當作雙耳、樹枝當作雙手的雪人。828Please respect copyright.PENANANLkh58i0nd
而E形態就是用樹枝當作雙耳、胡蘿蔔當作雙手的雪人。828Please respect copyright.PENANAr0BB0m0bbo
828Please respect copyright.PENANAy0UvCLJol6
大家所組成的元素均是一樣,但位置上卻有著不同的地方。828Please respect copyright.PENANAbvwQwwFir8
828Please respect copyright.PENANAKLVfGMBYUw
我並沒有能力再以更深入淺出的方式解釋,有興趣的話可以自行Google。828Please respect copyright.PENANAXbUjz60LtJ
828Please respect copyright.PENANAFNKNtzEOD6
828Please respect copyright.PENANAzlbPKThtZ0
828Please respect copyright.PENANAJNSxqxvn0I
圖4)對於椿象來說, E形態的GLV是一種非常強大的吸引劑,亦因而被吸引前來,反咬毛蟲。828Please respect copyright.PENANAKWAAyzcCyq
828Please respect copyright.PENANAaDqy18DK6D
所以整件事情的來龍去脈,就是毛蟲傷害樹葉的時候,其口水觸化樹葉裡頭的摔發性化學物轉變,其轉變的化合物吸引捕食毛蟲的獵人前來,因而「間接」地救了樹葉一命。828Please respect copyright.PENANAmCwmFIAbNu
828Please respect copyright.PENANAcxnA5EIBsl
在這裡必須強調的是,這種關係是物種針對性的。828Please respect copyright.PENANAYHxSkeCY2Z
828Please respect copyright.PENANAHylFjH7LLG
科學家在一篇學術文章(Ref1)證實,若果毛蟲品種並不是圖1列明的那一個品種,其口水是不會觸發樹葉化合物Z到E的轉變。828Please respect copyright.PENANAZFAFrdusi8
828Please respect copyright.PENANAF4gwv86ii6
植物是否會用不同的方式應付不同品種的入侵者,這暫時還是未知之數。828Please respect copyright.PENANAt6lIfIWEjj
但至少圖1-4的物種互動已有科學證據支持,由此已經可以看得出大自然物種之間的互動是絕非簡單的。828Please respect copyright.PENANALpJzVmciTw
828Please respect copyright.PENANAPyrH5wLbhy
828Please respect copyright.PENANAzVaTboXmDe
828Please respect copyright.PENANAAyvLaIRsSU
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。828Please respect copyright.PENANAbpZlyOx1i5
828Please respect copyright.PENANAkn7EN1M44r
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc828Please respect copyright.PENANAI0cQjtzbf7
828Please respect copyright.PENANAwwkMzl9epl
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。828Please respect copyright.PENANAPJAj7NsWKX
828Please respect copyright.PENANAwKABWJABcP
Link:828Please respect copyright.PENANA1WLgQbtr5S
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio828Please respect copyright.PENANADHiSPqrEla
828Please respect copyright.PENANAHmzD8w9r10
828Please respect copyright.PENANAVUGJ8xeWEP
有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。828Please respect copyright.PENANAKh9cQaBIad
828Please respect copyright.PENANAhOgxa5NsGb
828Please respect copyright.PENANAAhLAFikd1C
828Please respect copyright.PENANAdbo2reDsCY
828Please respect copyright.PENANAX0AID1AiA2
Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/329/5995/1075828Please respect copyright.PENANAiXZ8QU35BH