上一篇的深入淺出講述了人體的體味,緊接以來的這一篇將會講述一下大自然界的「體味」互動。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAcbmYTwXf8v
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAhZOWYSkgrf
https://www.penana.com/article/4687151058Please respect copyright.PENANApROOpCJomW
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAEbdk2UZ6zo
適者生存,弱肉強食,一向被喻為大自然界的法則。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAWjA2EGgUmf
植物作為食物鏈的最底層,大多時候也逃不過被食物鏈上層生物侵食的局面。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAycFzWS6p4C1058Please respect copyright.PENANAvAE4q07cfh
1058Please respect copyright.PENANASX0ycIq9Ox
圖1為毛蟲獵食樹葉的畫面,這棵植物並不是捕蠅草系列,看起上來的確沒有任何反擊或防禦的手段,任人魚肉。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAmKC8EliX0b
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAz5l1SX4GXb
但實情其實並非如此。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAkiPU0zwFhV1058Please respect copyright.PENANANd7Goo7cFW
1058Please respect copyright.PENANA7G0ywNNx5n
圖2為椿象從後出現,反過來獵食毛蟲的畫面。然而,椿象的出現並不是偶然,而是植物暗中「召喚」而來的。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAXdIF8rBYvu
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAkI9XaC6jac1058Please respect copyright.PENANAnC9yec8RH1
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAxnPuYHeDJV
圖3,當樹葉收到傷害的時候,它們會即時釋放出一堆統稱為 Green Leave Volatiles(GLV)的化合物(Ref1),這個情況下,毛蟲的口水包含著一些物質,會將這些GLV化合物由Z形態轉化成為E形態;1058Please respect copyright.PENANAjbmSDSfgkQ
1058Please respect copyright.PENANASURsy7lBqk
這物質究竟是甚麼,科學家暫時還沒清楚,只是知道該物質在高溫下便會失效。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAOW9Ep41Xyu
1058Please respect copyright.PENANATorxbqyqs3
Z形態及E形態是化學用詞,用在描述化學物的形態。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAxd8JiLQDMQ
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAQNBAbP6AX5
強硬來說的話,Z形態就是用胡蘿蔔當作雙耳、樹枝當作雙手的雪人。1058Please respect copyright.PENANA5uuBfsV6tz
而E形態就是用樹枝當作雙耳、胡蘿蔔當作雙手的雪人。1058Please respect copyright.PENANA6CILC0FuOV
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAncFnq5b3Ha
大家所組成的元素均是一樣,但位置上卻有著不同的地方。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAEAyo9PhiMM
1058Please respect copyright.PENANA64s04dOXJM
我並沒有能力再以更深入淺出的方式解釋,有興趣的話可以自行Google。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAoImr3PWDED
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAT22sh1JV1z1058Please respect copyright.PENANABJAYxIXk1J
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAs3UncXI7Cg
圖4)對於椿象來說, E形態的GLV是一種非常強大的吸引劑,亦因而被吸引前來,反咬毛蟲。1058Please respect copyright.PENANA9sh5RIVgZQ
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAUoZWu5ebIK
所以整件事情的來龍去脈,就是毛蟲傷害樹葉的時候,其口水觸化樹葉裡頭的摔發性化學物轉變,其轉變的化合物吸引捕食毛蟲的獵人前來,因而「間接」地救了樹葉一命。1058Please respect copyright.PENANATnHOUxh7ts
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAzQsiRjSRWb
在這裡必須強調的是,這種關係是物種針對性的。1058Please respect copyright.PENANALr0B4IqOk2
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAzNhLMPMJZ5
科學家在一篇學術文章(Ref1)證實,若果毛蟲品種並不是圖1列明的那一個品種,其口水是不會觸發樹葉化合物Z到E的轉變。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAQszK8edJTo
1058Please respect copyright.PENANA8DTtigfK09
植物是否會用不同的方式應付不同品種的入侵者,這暫時還是未知之數。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAbiyO2hMht1
但至少圖1-4的物種互動已有科學證據支持,由此已經可以看得出大自然物種之間的互動是絕非簡單的。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAmWWToxMA2i
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAMHL7n0A1M2
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAhROqN1GLOj
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAWayGkMUwZ8
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。1058Please respect copyright.PENANACm6XY87Wv0
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAFtEQLlfYVz
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1058Please respect copyright.PENANAvqQ7c1wKAv
1058Please respect copyright.PENANADYvdzocoxT
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。1058Please respect copyright.PENANA1O3237xvOA
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAWTJDZ4Pebm
Link:1058Please respect copyright.PENANAYLHF5dDIdQ
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1058Please respect copyright.PENANARqwQriXt7a
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAwF5yy2vCXB
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAZKNYrYXfbJ
有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1058Please respect copyright.PENANAkPeRyBvLmi
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAxik9slJGli
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAKu6jl2jR5I
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAScRqgkZwXn
1058Please respect copyright.PENANAldyOodCy8Z
Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/329/5995/10751058Please respect copyright.PENANA7hAxYbhIUn