世界人口不斷膨脹,2050年預料會達到90億人口,食物需求將會高出2005年60%以上。701Please respect copyright.PENANAXjqcK4AfCO701Please respect copyright.PENANA8IF0iuwGIS
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(圖1)飼養禽畜作為食物用途,將為地球帶來不少負擔。現今牠們只少佔用30%的地球土地及8%的淡水,其中所釋出的氣體亦佔溫室氣體的14.5%。701Please respect copyright.PENANA90SQJYAhSY
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而且為了預防動物傳染病的問題,不同種類的抗生素廣泛被採用,此舉大幅度幫助細菌建立應對抗生素的抗性,實為一道潛在隱憂。701Please respect copyright.PENANAfhELOaEMbW701Please respect copyright.PENANAHa7fC3dXNz
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(圖2)為減輕活家禽問題(及謀取利潤),有商家開始利用植物蛋白等材料製成素牛肉,現時已有不少產品推出市場。701Please respect copyright.PENANAIperETXNyM
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另一方面,亦有不少機構主攻實驗室培植牛肉領域,雖然2013年已有成功例子,但那時候總共花費兩年時間及三十萬美金才製成一塊普通手掌大的漢堡扒,顯然並不符合成本效益。701Please respect copyright.PENANAOe0mITpijx
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除了用另類方法製作活家禽肉類外,亦有不少人提倡吃蟲主義以作應對食物需求問題,本篇文章並不打算對此作深入探討。701Please respect copyright.PENANAonmgGCt8tj701Please respect copyright.PENANAylLdq07LUE
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(圖3)今年有科學家發表文章(Ref1),講述製作實驗室培植牛肉的進展成果。701Please respect copyright.PENANA3CgGrzhK9Q
他們利用可食用的大豆製Texture Soy Protein(組織化植物蛋白)作為基座,再把兩種牛隻細胞培植在其上。701Please respect copyright.PENANAFUiNDpnt8E
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牛心肌細胞幫忙製作骨膠原等物質,而牛肌肉幹細胞最終演化成為肌肉,成為牛肉蛋白質來源。701Please respect copyright.PENANArvHcxCcfaB
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他們亦有嘗試把血管細胞培植在裡頭,未來亦打算把脂肪細胞放進其內,半肥瘦叉燒或其他肉類產品絕不是夢。701Please respect copyright.PENANAUWUcPeuXRL
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現時他們仍然面對一系列的問題,控制幹細胞轉化成為肌肉細胞需求一系列精準數量的生長元素(Growth Factor),有一定程度的成本需求。701Please respect copyright.PENANAoGibRG54yI
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同時間,把多數細胞同時飼養在一起的話,培養液的成份亦需要作大量時間調整才能找出最好的配方,可見還需至少兩三年的時間才會有真正普及的實驗室培植牛肉打進市場。701Please respect copyright.PENANAr7M3jNOqoT
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。701Please respect copyright.PENANAGtuTEZu5LD
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc701Please respect copyright.PENANAelWwTjEcSJ
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。701Please respect copyright.PENANAuV03IAbThi
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Link:701Please respect copyright.PENANAUqD8FIBcHG
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio701Please respect copyright.PENANADJ6szg7Yun
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。701Please respect copyright.PENANA9LiH3KoUYT
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-020-0046-5701Please respect copyright.PENANAVrvPyEqlrB