這系列的第一集,我們講解了PD1/PDL1的運作原理。1404Please respect copyright.PENANAfZiIwIHIQj
Link: https://www.penana.com/article/4711251404Please respect copyright.PENANAAHts8AKHZU
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第二集我們講述了CTLA4與T cell功用的關係。1404Please respect copyright.PENANAsqJRG4iu8B
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今次第三集這一篇,我們將會講述增加T cell有效抵達癌細胞所在位置的其中一種手段。1404Please respect copyright.PENANAJIiKgdAe0o
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(圖2)有不少種類的癌細胞會抑壓與免疫系統相關的機制(RIG-1,JAK,PKR等等),從而盡量減低T cell或免疫細胞前來自身位置的機會。1404Please respect copyright.PENANAoCHWhV5vDr
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但免疫系統機制的喪失或銳弱,換來的將會是失去抵禦病毒入侵的能力。1404Please respect copyright.PENANAdGshtC4i6M
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而能夠在癌細胞裡頭任意進行複製及破壞的病毒,又不會對普通細胞進行過大傷害的,我們稱它為Oncolytic virus。1404Please respect copyright.PENANA3C5GpzoZnC
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這些Oncolytic virus可以是自然存在的病毒,亦可以是被基因改造過的人工病毒。1404Please respect copyright.PENANA0h4C6MSMmi
2006年,中國批准利用Oncolytic virus手段醫治鼻咽癌,而2015年美國FDA及歐洲EMA亦批准這種手段可以用在醫治皮膚癌之上。1404Please respect copyright.PENANALelfPcofNC
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(圖3)近日有科學家發表文章(Ref1),結合Oncolytic virus及免疫系統治療方式來醫治實驗室細胞及老鼠身上的癌細胞。1404Please respect copyright.PENANAMztVXVPs0j1404Please respect copyright.PENANAPhFoYuka1l
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他們利用基因改造方式製作Oncolytic virus,目的就是想細胞被病毒感染後會不斷產生沒有功用的tCD19組件。1404Please respect copyright.PENANA0imau1DacE
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在圖中可以清楚看得見,標記為藍色的癌細胞受到病毒感染後,會在自己外圍生產被標記為粉紅色的tCD19組件。1404Please respect copyright.PENANAZ8ojz2ZQV0
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其後,他們製作出能夠辨認tCD19的T cell(整套技術的學術名稱為Chimeric antigen receptor T cell,這裡我們稱之為tCD19-CAR T cell),再放入老鼠身體之內。1404Please respect copyright.PENANAL7LLF9kPen
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這些tCD19-CAR T cell只會辨認外圍擁有tCD19的細胞,並對其進行殲滅。1404Please respect copyright.PENANA0tNXuz6nCT
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因為tCD19並不自然存在普通細胞裡,所以它們只會殺滅受病毒感染的癌細胞;1404Please respect copyright.PENANAgZabHcXsnX
普通健康細胞擁有健全的免疫系統相關機制,因此能夠阻止病毒在自己裡頭繁殖,亦避免了tCD19的產生。1404Please respect copyright.PENANALJIvYOcqo0
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他們在文章清楚顯示,加進Oncolytic virus及tCD19-CAR T cell後能夠有效殺滅老鼠身上的癌細胞。同時他們亦發現得到,癌細胞被殺滅後會同時釋發出病毒,而病毒亦會順之然感染附近的癌細胞,以火燒連環船的方式將tCD19散發開去。1404Please respect copyright.PENANAUBMH2RReec
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這種手段能否在人體上實際運用,還需要一系列的改進及臨床實驗才能得出結論,但無疑的是若然能夠成功配上Oncolytic Virus及CAR Tcell的組合,定必能夠加強免疫細胞鎖定癌細胞所在位置的能力,以三管齊下的方式(PD1/CLTA4/Virus-CARTCell)把癌細胞滅絕。1404Please respect copyright.PENANAhsb4zq9axo
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。1404Please respect copyright.PENANAqBFIiQ7GM9
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1404Please respect copyright.PENANA0XPB1EkzlA
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。1404Please respect copyright.PENANARuNge9qRmw
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Link:1404Please respect copyright.PENANAhbPI1TvVSL
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1404Please respect copyright.PENANANPVAz771fs
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1404Please respect copyright.PENANAZxY3b7S1up
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Ref1:https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/12/559/eaaz1863