這系列的第一集，我們講解了PD1/PDL1的運作原理。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPJiDyeh2aO
Link: https://www.penana.com/article/4711251403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Zr9pnudNd
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第二集我們講述了CTLA4與T cell功用的關係。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsEecAfeA53
Link:https://www.penana.com/article/4724801403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0i3OnbgGff
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今次第三集這一篇，我們將會講述增加T cell有效抵達癌細胞所在位置的其中一種手段。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHPuXQAPC73
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(圖2)有不少種類的癌細胞會抑壓與免疫系統相關的機制（RIG-1，JAK，PKR等等），從而盡量減低T cell或免疫細胞前來自身位置的機會。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAqDDHfeSjD
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但免疫系統機制的喪失或銳弱，換來的將會是失去抵禦病毒入侵的能力。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ57L0qHKEuh
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而能夠在癌細胞裡頭任意進行複製及破壞的病毒，又不會對普通細胞進行過大傷害的，我們稱它為Oncolytic virus。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkyD6HeE8gm
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這些Oncolytic virus可以是自然存在的病毒，亦可以是被基因改造過的人工病毒。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvfSKbdeWuE
2006年，中國批准利用Oncolytic virus手段醫治鼻咽癌，而2015年美國FDA及歐洲EMA亦批准這種手段可以用在醫治皮膚癌之上。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVkDbIys94G
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（圖3）近日有科學家發表文章（Ref1)，結合Oncolytic virus及免疫系統治療方式來醫治實驗室細胞及老鼠身上的癌細胞。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoaiSIR3hAC
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他們利用基因改造方式製作Oncolytic virus，目的就是想細胞被病毒感染後會不斷產生沒有功用的tCD19組件。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡinmSUKOG3w
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在圖中可以清楚看得見，標記為藍色的癌細胞受到病毒感染後，會在自己外圍生產被標記為粉紅色的tCD19組件。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfwcXKVxZj6
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其後，他們製作出能夠辨認tCD19的T cell（整套技術的學術名稱為Chimeric antigen receptor T cell，這裡我們稱之為tCD19-CAR T cell)，再放入老鼠身體之內。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjONc6JXBnv
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這些tCD19-CAR T cell只會辨認外圍擁有tCD19的細胞，並對其進行殲滅。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpZCbNij4gg
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因為tCD19並不自然存在普通細胞裡，所以它們只會殺滅受病毒感染的癌細胞；1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ48Dt8UoJBE
普通健康細胞擁有健全的免疫系統相關機制，因此能夠阻止病毒在自己裡頭繁殖，亦避免了tCD19的產生。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡemSCsmsgn7
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他們在文章清楚顯示，加進Oncolytic virus及tCD19-CAR T cell後能夠有效殺滅老鼠身上的癌細胞。同時他們亦發現得到，癌細胞被殺滅後會同時釋發出病毒，而病毒亦會順之然感染附近的癌細胞，以火燒連環船的方式將tCD19散發開去。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡujLMTSw7Fx
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這種手段能否在人體上實際運用，還需要一系列的改進及臨床實驗才能得出結論，但無疑的是若然能夠成功配上Oncolytic Virus及CAR Tcell的組合，定必能夠加強免疫細胞鎖定癌細胞所在位置的能力，以三管齊下的方式（PD1/CLTA4/Virus-CARTCell）把癌細胞滅絕。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRCNokM0JUw
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyBVcoi1RSU
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbfprdQg0hV
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyuOesBHPOO
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Link:1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrV5rvier2m
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiH3vtfyfRG
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1403Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlf7NPiZk7C
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Ref1:https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/12/559/eaaz18638964 copyright protection1399ＰＥＮＡＮＡqRVVzo01E6 維尼

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