近兩日看到了下面一則新聞，因而生起念頭寫上本篇文章，介紹一下人工降雨的概念。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh6MO9yBiUp
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKrLL6yNdrt
「中國福建省寧德市因日前缺雨，官方宣布8日至9日將進行「人工降雨」，不料，8日下午市區突降暴雨、嚴重淹水，不但汽車直接泡水中，還一度緊急撤離居民，民眾懷疑應是「人工降雨」劑量錯誤釀禍，感嘆「寧德大概是第一個因為人工降雨把自己淹掉的城市吧！」，對此，官方未多做說明。」1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbc42R60eqd
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaCV27ie0Cc
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSxFVsldUgV
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzPa5GVg5kV
（圖2）要了解人工降雨的原理，我們自當然要快速了解一下雲到底是如何形成，以及甚麼條件會觸發下雨事件發生。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbPVnDWTaA9
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvyerMaZUgr
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbh9Gt4WG3j
太陽為大地帶來溫暖，亦同時把海洋的水份蒸發成氣體上天。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQBHzwvF3iR
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlD0Il0BoJU
高度越高，溫度便會越低，水蒸氣亦會變成為水珠。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtozwKDtlg8
而當水珠遇上各種微粒（如圖中所示）後，便能在其上凝結。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkJegeG26WM
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5jX33x0Dxf
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdvt3nB9Fes
（圖3）凝結在微粒的水珠最終會變成為結晶狀。當這些結晶集合一起後，便會形成雲。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡilVTRmjmMo
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVzzui9wbku
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJgRU8pQgQk
隨著時間推進，大地的水蒸氣不斷湧上天空，源源不絕的水珠不斷在結晶上繼續凝結，導致結晶體積越來越大。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz8Wd1MVGFE
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCMp2ErFCpQ
當結晶體積大到某一個程度的時候，便會因著地心吸力的緣故降落到地上，亦即是雨。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1yyiszPCy7
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwvedxhpYTX
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPh97adZerr
（圖4）其中一種人工降雨的方式，亦是中國在北京奧運及西藏地區常用的手段，就是利用地上燃燒或者飛機、無人機以及火箭的方式把化學物（silver iodide,AgI）注入到雲中裡頭。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS15EcZagnR
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIYTzum5E2L
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq9zEIZjDxz
AgI的角色就是促進水珠結晶的形成，提供一個優越的表面讓雨裡的水珠凝結，加速結晶體積增加的速度，最終誘使雨水降到地上。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPa7Rh5mIvB
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnplgOYGnTy
這種人工的方式至少有兩種限制，一就是雲隻的存在，若果天上沒有雲的話，你送多少AgI上天也是徒勞無功的。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkSRjowS7DQ
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMSmUsn6Z4U
二就是雲隻的溫度，雲的溫度隨著高度亦會有所不同，只有低過攝氏零度的雲隻AgI才會發揮顯著功效(Ref1,2)。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOhsxzN1mj9
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiSM9pxWPKW
因此，這種人工降雨的方式必需配合各種的天氣感測或量度系統輔助，才能找出適當的時機製造人工降雨。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzmS35hPox1
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1qo1CWiIXq
另一方面，這種人工降雨的方式無疑是先洗未來錢，中國在2018年的西藏地區至少興建了500個焚化爐（Ref3)，意圖大幅增加西藏地區的降雨量。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwqYnkrdPdk
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUil3xLP0hc
這種手段間接促使到鄰近地區無法獲取充足雨水，這責任又應該是由誰來負責呢？而且，瘋狂運送科學物到天空，受害的最終會是誰?1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkdecZLNpfe
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEhUtVCMMhC
那些「不應存在天上」的化學物，又是否會導致酸雨發生呢？1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡddtyKbMm64
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ333MqsjSN
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8gqg2I7x96
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡseFhmBI15y
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGRRoIU79l8
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPbk1Wt9F6L
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3pZVn1xCGJ
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZfK4SJGAnE
Link:1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOPr2Px8V7h
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKSAmUAYIni
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLORzKZoRAO
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWjXhCn0SQS
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdLqig5Q31i
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiltObMEBUK
1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdhF4lUhvrs
Ref1:http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.17169951151279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMkngMWLDLt
Ref2:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092188311000169X1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlb8siQh1Rl
Ref3:https://singularityhub.com/2018/04/24/china-plans-to-bring-artificial-rain-to-area-three-times-the-size-of-spain/1279Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjiMndcaKZC
Penana
search
登入arrow_drop_down
註冊arrow_drop_down
