科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–不會變啡的白蘑菇

上集提及了白蘑菇表面的啡點是由Brown Blotch Disease而起，今集將會講及白蘑菇因為氧化作用而變成啡色的過程。89Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0v6jD9slIQ
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上集：https://www.penana.com/article/48607989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxYHh2f8KbN
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（圖3）正常情況下，名為PPO的酵素將會處於名為Plastid的位置內，與蘑菇裡頭的Phenolic Substrate天隔一方，河水不犯井水。89Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP8eEQyRQSe
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（圖4）而在物理性的撞擊或其他作用底下，Plastid結構被受破壞，PPO酵素便與蘑菇裡頭的Phenolic Substrate接觸，透過氧氣的協助下產生一系列的化學反應，最終形成啡黑色物質Melanin，導致白蘑菇變成啡蘑菇。89Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUEnp79gnkU
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（圖5）白蘑菇因氧化作用而變成啡色並不會讓蘑菇變成不得食用。89Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpHYYQfkVkB
移居到美國賓夕法尼亞州立大學的中國科學家Yinong Yang已成功使用CRISPR基因編輯技術將蘑菇的PPO基因剔走，製作不會變啡的白蘑菇，主要為作美觀用途。89Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcBpWYdKzjg
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CRISPR技術延伸閱讀：https://www.penana.com/article/46536989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjH0mlJyc3U
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只要得到法律的允許，這些不會變啡的白蘑菇便能進入商業市場。89Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ43pd6LteLf
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類近的基因改造產品，已投身市場標榜不會變啡的蘋果Acratic Apple，原理同樣亦是針對PPO基因而成，但箇中並沒有用上CRISPR手段。89Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ01PLbl8ohc
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