吸煙會引致肺癌機率大幅度上升，究竟現今有沒有充分證據證明這句說話呢?558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8bE51NsBLe
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnxjdVfZ5nR
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLGFTAj4fJR
（圖2）講述之前，我們快速了解一下癌症形成的概論。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbj2sKuj7sE
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJuWPi96KXm
正常的細胞，裡頭擁有一系列的機制控制生長速度，確保不會出現無止境繁殖的局面。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLvvyCiA72P
而當正常細胞的DNA發生異變的時候，大致上會迎來四個結局。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzftVaXbGuH
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhtYDoxjVZD
通常情況下，細胞會立刻修復DNA的變異，使變異細胞回復成為正常細胞。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDkLAKxlZxS
若果DNA修復機制失效的話，免疫細胞會辨認變異細胞為外來之物，將其殲滅以免遺禍人間。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbLWSzkBSxV
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCLHuqiFQaL
而如果修復DNA機制及免疫系統同時失效的話，便會有兩種可能性的發生。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpi5LqUgJ9Y
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPWGwIIBOMp
假若異變DNA原本的工作是負責控制生長速度、而其變異導致自身功用失效的話，細胞便有機會不受控地自我繁殖，形成腫瘤。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIvcjJtEkTf
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCIIn0Rctfn
而如果異變DNA對發展癌細胞方面沒有任何幫助的話，那細胞便不會發展成為癌細胞，繼續攜帶變異DNA以正常速度繁殖。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKY5gOIV0c7
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFhC6GoaKOZ
總言而之，DNA發生變異是正常細發展成為癌細胞的第一步。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV82pFz76ms
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJaysnQcVIh
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe9v1bSYzaN
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvsahncssK9
（圖3）為探討吸煙對DNA變異的影響，有研究找來對應群組（3個兒童、4個非吸煙者、6個已戒煙人士、3個尚有食煙習慣的渣滓）作檢驗(Ref1)，分別抽取各人的氣管細胞，以逐個細胞的方式檢驗DNA，以作DNA變異程度的觀察之用。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0ZNrtU2Yij
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9DJSu8NpHs
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl3ANsp8mhE
（圖4）DNA的變異有幾種方式，如圖中所見，吸煙人士的DNA變異均比非吸煙者為多頻密。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmyhUbd1PrW
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTyjpZfwz5C
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDyYPvmjJPE
（圖5）而最為重要的是，吸煙人士的氣管細胞擁有更多已知會導致癌症出現的基因轉變，這一系列的資料均指出吸煙是會增加癌症出現的機會。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSKE9SNc2S2
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO82pBMF5XX
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnyVdguO5p9
（圖6）當然，凡事也是有例外的！558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡanlDeHhyBp
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ22XVaE3nIX
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqbA8P6JQYb
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0em7mDT0Re
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡew1R8wr3Z1
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkxFhvsZjl8
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEAu26Uk7kW
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCILVFuNPdF
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ07YS6g4S80
Link:558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkz25Tmxmso
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzJoXuL545d
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH6W1eLrbtz
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBHuy251PbK
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvMVOAJpVo8
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP4nD1RSKA4
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJtn01C6xCF
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn1NsWl6i4U
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1961-1
558Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg1YnyLCXOa
