動物的品種不同,其特徵亦會有所不同。以狗為例的話,金毛尋羊犬以及臘腸狗就是非常鮮明的例證。494Please respect copyright.PENANAJ1NqRd4Rg8494Please respect copyright.PENANADc8uwd5InW
494Please respect copyright.PENANAXbcxZQx8Qh
至於牛隻,農場飼養用的大致分為兩種,主力出產牛奶的乳牛(Dairy Cattle)和主力屠宰成肉類出售的肉用牛(Beef Cattle)。494Please respect copyright.PENANABeFyHzVTPz
494Please respect copyright.PENANAYudRnqw1HS
各舉一例的話,前者品種例子為Holstein(荷斯坦),而後者則為較為廣泛認識的Angus(安格斯)。494Please respect copyright.PENANAE3hmmb9eLR
494Please respect copyright.PENANACkUngO22dR
牛天生會否長角,將視乎品種而定。大多數的乳牛品種天生均長有角,而食用牛多數的品種則天生無角。494Please respect copyright.PENANAeMM6E9tJqn
494Please respect copyright.PENANAFFXMYpooDz
這裡讓農夫感到煩惱的是,乳牛隻會利用頭上的角互相攻擊對方甚至自己。494Please respect copyright.PENANAGcaGzoeD0e
因此慣常的做法會麻醉牛隻然後再進行除角手術,以免牛隻受傷因而損失獲利,但這做法引起動物權益成員的關注及爭議,認為此舉會對牛隻帶來創傷。494Please respect copyright.PENANAKVPTfaqozV
494Please respect copyright.PENANACYoBQc7Yh3
(圖2)最為有效率及一勞永逸的解決辦法,自當然就是培育沒有長角的品種,一直傳遞下去。494Please respect copyright.PENANAyRwrxcVT63
有科學家致力尋求發現,發現牛隻基因染色體1的某一段位置的重覆區域,將會導致乳牛品種不會長出牛角。494Please respect copyright.PENANAibJ2XiMkf1494Please respect copyright.PENANAaqvw10J0gh
494Please respect copyright.PENANAV8n315XcKg
(圖3)因此,他們嘗試抽取長角品種的皮膚細胞,利用CRISPR基因編輯技術在那段基因區域上加添重覆區域(Ref1),再經過一系列的工序,將已編輯的細胞人工培植到牛隻身上,觀察誕下的胎兒會否長出牛角。494Please respect copyright.PENANAhLdHoMsNpS494Please respect copyright.PENANABIUMBFXezU
494Please respect copyright.PENANAtwlYmmzRW6
(圖4)最終所誕下的牛隻的而且確沒有長角,但因器官衰竭等問題很快便與世長辭。494Please respect copyright.PENANAHrSHBcHuvX494Please respect copyright.PENANAUWuyJedglJ
494Please respect copyright.PENANAsiW1O6HPft
494Please respect copyright.PENANA6mlU8Kr5uV
這研究確實了CRISPR技術在牛隻的應用,但顯然仍有一系列的應用問題需要改善。在這實驗中,6隻人工培植受孕的牛隻中,只有一隻成功誕下嬰兒。494Please respect copyright.PENANARxZEyie8Rb
494Please respect copyright.PENANAmxnLAeYLPt
至於為何不重點培育沒有長角品種的乳牛,原因是牠的產奶量較其他有角品種的最少。494Please respect copyright.PENANAjcx3eeUejS
494Please respect copyright.PENANA8Hnzf5kn63
農父及科學家的最終目標,當然就是希望培植沒有長角而產奶量豐盛的牛隻。但這做法是否符合動物權益,這又會是一場永無休止的辯論。494Please respect copyright.PENANAW20Y5DoP7g
494Please respect copyright.PENANAn6QM1wttuA
494Please respect copyright.PENANA7P2xnLRcyj
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。494Please respect copyright.PENANApCCIRlEmfH
494Please respect copyright.PENANAb4YdqsCEy4
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc494Please respect copyright.PENANAxnuTVS33Wr
494Please respect copyright.PENANAO2FDSMJsmg
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。494Please respect copyright.PENANAZKIkSxiwzR
494Please respect copyright.PENANAj2vK61ob1v
Link:494Please respect copyright.PENANADSmAUSV2Vm
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio494Please respect copyright.PENANAOhAJNkvXhV
494Please respect copyright.PENANAw7JXKCxg3w
494Please respect copyright.PENANABWxBgaW58x
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。494Please respect copyright.PENANAjRzZAI9HVE
494Please respect copyright.PENANAgK5rYh0q1N
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-70531-y494Please respect copyright.PENANAb0DSRBzbar