我們身體的肌肉能夠採納不同款式的營養以支撐其所需。而在馬拉松這種長距離跑步的運動中，脂肪及碳水化合物則為兩種最為舉足輕重的營養。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu6rWL5xpgL
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第一集我們粗略計算過身體脂肪所能夠提供的卡路里，至少足夠應付4次平地馬拉松有多。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5LFO68efiw
今集將會以同樣的方式剖釋身體裡頭碳水化合物能夠提供的卡路里。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSpxlb5zcqK
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNS9EhZ2P7p
第一集:深入淺出–點解瘦削運動員都能夠跑畢馬拉松全程？663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkKBKeRHCGq
- 分享自 LIHKG 討論區663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4PUElLNd6D
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（圖2）當我們攝取多於身體所需的碳水化合物，它們便會以糖原(Glycogen)或者脂肪的方式儲存在身體內。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7rVL2zCTpA
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肝臟及肌肉分別為糖原的兩大儲存位置。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaIIlm6Yshd
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwha7zHdJ0m
當身體血糖過低的時候，肝臟的糖原就會分解成為葡萄糖送到血液循環系統內，維持血糖水平。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVfgTplFVQg
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然而，肌肉的糖原只會留給自己所需，並不會供應到血液循環系統去。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgFwVEIUFFd
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（圖3）如圖中所見，此為身體裡頭碳水化合物所能夠提供得到的卡路里推算。肝臟糖原數值取自Ref1、2，而肌肉糖原數值取自Ref3。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtIBGSVV6z5
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（圖4）如圖中所見，以70kg的男人為例的話，馬拉松總消耗總卡路里(2950kcal)，身體脂肪的卡路里應付有餘，而身體碳水化合物的卡路里則非常勉強地能夠抵銷。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEmwX1GnYoU
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFR6WmmiUcP
但是，既然脂肪卡路里足夠提供得到馬拉松所需的話，為何我們還要深究糖原那一方面呢？663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW0141URi7s
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（圖5）這是因為，運動的強度，將會左右身體決定選取脂肪還是碳水化合物作肌肉能量的來源。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1xpFu5i68B
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMJYXccYNiE
只不過，運動的強度因人而異，如圖中所指出的例子，這個情況下又應該如何定義各自的運動強度呢?663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8aM4nHuksd
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhIFRTlZBQb
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDVl3OOummy
（圖6）如何有效定義各自的運動強度，將取決於運動時候身體吸入氧氣的比率。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrUqBhF9c9d
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VO2max是一個參數，定義為每1kg每1分鐘最大吸取幾多毫升氧氣的量；663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Qv1I8BZAm
經常運動的人士， VO2max會較為高。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoNayxZj4lE
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTCIF3Ctpfh
實驗儀器可以得出最準確的VO2max數值，坊間的運動手錶亦都能夠量度得到。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7EwPTATI8a
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如圖中算式所示，。VO2max的百分比越大的話，我們便能夠定義為運動強度亦為之越大。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtXOL8aDGOJ
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（圖7）而。VO2max的數值大小，將會是身體選取脂肪還是碳水化合物作肌肉能量來源的指標（Ref4)。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjDUJxtNtht
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越高。VO2max數值的話，身體便會傾向使用碳水化合物亦即是糖原。圖中兩位仁兄的情況，亦展示得到。VO2max數值對於身體新陳代謝的效果。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRJNfQE1Z2u
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663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ22GSzDcNFe
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(圖8）現今運動學上有非常之多的說法，其中一種門派的說法是，當身體的糖原被完全耗盡的時候，身體便會出現力有不繼、不支倒地的現象，亦稱之為HITTING THE WALL。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6UOZgAuhN2
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5jFIjx2Crv
（圖9）從圖中可以看見，。VO2max越高的話，身體亦會更趨向使用碳水化合物(糖原)。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrfaGnTWmfE
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM59ziV6lVY
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7fFcNDo48q
變相來說，如果VO2max在馬拉松期間一直處於高企的話，碳水化合物(糖原)相對上的消耗量亦會增大，引致身體糖原量完全消耗的機率大增，出現HITTING THE WALL的現象。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgSy7H13UrZ
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVqNqmuW8ee
（圖10）那麼，以糖原門派學說的角度來看，如何可以盡量避免HITTING THE WALL發生呢?663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2apT2K08tM
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下列為其中三點：663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhU8b4CedK6
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY4AiBKKkw4
1.事前採用飲食管理，增大糖原儲存量。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfjrYgQr6Y2
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNozrf5bbGH
2.不斷進行鍛鍊，增加自身的VO2max數值，減低運動時候的。VO2max數值，誘導身體盡量使用脂肪作肌肉能源。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbyVxKUwRU5
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjuammz0QO5
3.減慢步速，減低運動時候的。VO2max數值。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0JcOmsNvGY
663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRFcpCj77ks
在這裡我們亦可以與第一篇首尾呼應，單憑計算體脂而忽略糖原引伸出的HITTING THE WALL問題，就是箇中計算方式的其中一個大漏洞。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE0qUnCScw0
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZmBj2Mo8Gy
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHeKcsAy7Yp
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBwbeGkT3lb
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Link:663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdTILsC1seG
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqaPFVo9GPv
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjAIy6pVpJW
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Ref1:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3165600/663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdmFkdsIeHk
Ref2:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4771101/663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPbRgawa58Y
Ref3:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12048325/663Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Hli2QTmX8
Ref4:https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000960
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