腫瘤內有一小部份的細胞被稱之為Cancer Stem Cells(CSC),他們對於腫瘤的發展有著莫大的功用。534Please respect copyright.PENANAHmPqzoLCeZ534Please respect copyright.PENANAV6T5yHtBaX
化療過後,大部份的癌細胞均會被殲滅,而很多時候只剩下這些CSC能夠生存;534Please respect copyright.PENANAzWXkwtjx1D
學術界大多數會稱呼這現象為Minimal Residual Disease。534Please respect copyright.PENANAY9TRabmZdL
534Please respect copyright.PENANAaRx3VV8sU9
這些一息尚存的CSC會在某一刻再度發展出新的腫瘤,而與之前腫瘤不同的是,他們會展現出抗藥性,較早前所用的化療藥物再不會對他們見效。534Please respect copyright.PENANABpgZRRBBgf
534Please respect copyright.PENANA8a0Oiih9wM
正因如此,現今有不少針對CSC研究一直進行中,希望可以找出辦法消滅這些CSC。534Please respect copyright.PENANATcrBF3IX2X
534Please respect copyright.PENANAWS1emN9cCH
534Please respect copyright.PENANAWknpPc60oW
(圖2)CSC之所以非常之難消滅,原因就是他有各式各樣的機制躲避化療追擊,如陳同佳這天下大仆街一樣詭計多端。534Please respect copyright.PENANAEaxYFGW5Rs534Please respect copyright.PENANAFTS0rqCcWa
534Please respect copyright.PENANAMA88WA1TDq
其中一例就是CSC會產生名為ABCG2的蛋白質,這些ABCG2蛋白質有著將化療藥物排出細胞體外的效果,導致化療藥物無法長期留在細胞內,大幅度失去藥效。534Please respect copyright.PENANAC11XI7pPRc
534Please respect copyright.PENANA3mnQH5Eycq
(圖3)有科學家發現(Ref1),名為SMAR1蛋白質有抑制ABCG2產生的功效。亦即是說,SMAR1蛋白質含量越低的話,ABCG2就越容易能夠生產出來。534Please respect copyright.PENANAbEdci2iKir
534Please respect copyright.PENANAmqcIhARglx534Please respect copyright.PENANAhEKmpXYJMn
534Please respect copyright.PENANAecmMrSFqUV
534Please respect copyright.PENANAQ1p5AvPHk9
而CSC內有兩隻名為OCT4及SOX2的蛋白質,他們能夠抑制SMAR1的蛋白質產生,導致ABCG2更容易產生出來,令細胞更容易將藥物排出體外。534Please respect copyright.PENANAC5D8N7CmQF
534Please respect copyright.PENANARWgS8L2ksO
534Please respect copyright.PENANAeG0egIuNt9
(圖4)尋覓已知資料一輪後,阿斯匹靈為已證實可抑制OCT4及SOX2蛋白質的藥物,同時亦不會被ABCG2有效排出。534Please respect copyright.PENANAOD0jRbSlIJ534Please respect copyright.PENANAk3vn6inuOo
534Please respect copyright.PENANAxgW8Pj1kuq
這裡無疑會產生一道詢問,若果利用阿斯匹靈抑制ABCG2的產生,同時再加上化療藥物的話,會否是殺死CSC的一道妙計呢?534Please respect copyright.PENANAWnV16FZbZd
534Please respect copyright.PENANAnsimV6M2Ee
534Please respect copyright.PENANA5D6gi2imeZ
(圖5)在老鼠實驗中,同時用上阿斯匹靈及化療藥物Doxorubicin的話,的確可以令腫瘤大幅度縮小。534Please respect copyright.PENANAVS05HEYTbz534Please respect copyright.PENANAWA23nY8CUR
534Please respect copyright.PENANA21XcOrvrRP
但在這實驗中,單獨用上阿斯匹靈已能導致腫瘤縮小,而且文章亦沒有確實證據指出腫瘤縮小的原因是否因為少了CSC的緣故。534Please respect copyright.PENANAPArjuvldIV
534Please respect copyright.PENANAaLl6me43Q9
雖有理論證據在背後支持,但用上阿斯匹靈輔助化療效果的理論還需要確實的實驗結果再作進一步的證實。534Please respect copyright.PENANAIHPd2uKjhY
534Please respect copyright.PENANA7pPF7rWLp8
534Please respect copyright.PENANAyIFJbjKbdq
到底阿斯匹靈輔助化療效果的理論得以確實先,還是陳同住到台灣自首先呢?534Please respect copyright.PENANAA5RPsNrCgK
534Please respect copyright.PENANAqApsujFVBl
答案呼之欲出!534Please respect copyright.PENANAJauTMyND1Z
534Please respect copyright.PENANAKtrgUMnhOo
534Please respect copyright.PENANA2aEWbl8xWg
534Please respect copyright.PENANAbD45d4s44n
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。534Please respect copyright.PENANAIg22lcwMQi
534Please respect copyright.PENANA6fwoOhkruN
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc534Please respect copyright.PENANAoX7nV2Zknb
534Please respect copyright.PENANAmsmby7YxQM
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。534Please respect copyright.PENANAJYCnGV1Zon
534Please respect copyright.PENANAxUcXV2nInb
Link:534Please respect copyright.PENANABRZXETXsGj
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio534Please respect copyright.PENANAAaLCNPz7SC
534Please respect copyright.PENANAjrMvtlV3Kd
534Please respect copyright.PENANAN9DPpHemAk
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。534Please respect copyright.PENANADJ229s9Frq
534Please respect copyright.PENANAWK87O5bxtM
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/534Please respect copyright.PENANA8pXczl0ifh
534Please respect copyright.PENANAKFs2O56nC8
Ref1:https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/13/654/eaay6077534Please respect copyright.PENANAvbPtA1aC9K