日常家中的污水,會排放至污水處理廠作淨化處理。67Please respect copyright.PENANABmYPMQkF9367Please respect copyright.PENANAVGPMVolGnw
但你有沒有想過,污水其實包含著各式各樣的資料呢?67Please respect copyright.PENANAUymZoEvJd1
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(圖2)圖中的星星為北京市的中心,而八個英文字母的所在地則為污水處理廠的位置。67Please respect copyright.PENANAyBbdAIyPdw67Please respect copyright.PENANA0dAe9MY5xp
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有科學家特意從八道污水處理廠拿取未經處理過的污水,檢測裡頭的抗生素濃度(Ref1),初心是因為出自於人民對抗生素使用的認知不足。67Please respect copyright.PENANAfYUF8icAKN
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(圖3)中國在2017年對11,192個大學生作問卷調查,發現67Please respect copyright.PENANAMBr3kkUOSx
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41%學生認為服食抗生素能夠加快流感治癒速度、67Please respect copyright.PENANAatu8ILxiMR
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63%學生的家中有抗生素儲備,67Please respect copyright.PENANAdaTQebWNaA
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56%學生未經醫生許可購買抗生素。67Please respect copyright.PENANAb1jfGnHBZ2
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其中913個學生中,有66%因報告疑似流惑徵狀而獲發抗生素。67Please respect copyright.PENANAeYXo1Oc3un
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流感是由病毒引起,抗生素並不會有助治療,反之濫用抗生素只會助長細菌建立抗性,百害而無一利。67Please respect copyright.PENANAjjOYe8G64n
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(圖4)各種抗生素最終會有部份從排泄物的方式排出體外。67Please respect copyright.PENANAcj7OJCHbdt67Please respect copyright.PENANA4TcAJKRftZ
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而基於各污水處的污水的Ammonium(銨)與附近的住宅人口調查成正比的關係,只要將抗生素在污水中的濃度與人體新陳代謝的比率作出調整,然後再除Ammonium的濃度,就可以獲得各地區市民服用抗生素的大概狀況。67Please respect copyright.PENANAT9mF5v47AR
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(圖5)最後計算結果為:67Please respect copyright.PENANA0jnijrofc6
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北京市每1萬人口每日服用約21.9克的抗生素。67Please respect copyright.PENANANqlF8s1awJ67Please respect copyright.PENANAB2BQGo1pEv
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文中作者聲稱,此數據比早前的數據低出70%,判斷中國推行抗生素管理政策後非常有效。67Please respect copyright.PENANArzIpQQ0NYh
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而這種利用污水來調查人口社會狀況,學名為Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE),不少國家亦都有廣泛使用的報告,其中印度芬蘭等國家亦在污水中找出武肺病毒的存在,而啟動病毒來源追溯程序。67Please respect copyright.PENANAKLbvl77Z3V
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。67Please respect copyright.PENANAFnGEipxYBw
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。67Please respect copyright.PENANASL1mjYwUU9
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Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018320877copyright protection63PENANAmMqgaLT5n6
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