日常家中的污水，會排放至污水處理廠作淨化處理。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx2j2Rx4PB7
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但你有沒有想過，污水其實包含著各式各樣的資料呢?498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzBexCKLgpa
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpd84rOlwEq
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（圖2）圖中的星星為北京市的中心，而八個英文字母的所在地則為污水處理廠的位置。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5H5kmVsqLm
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有科學家特意從八道污水處理廠拿取未經處理過的污水，檢測裡頭的抗生素濃度（Ref1)，初心是因為出自於人民對抗生素使用的認知不足。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH3OEKob6BE
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（圖3）中國在2017年對11,192個大學生作問卷調查，發現498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhI0BkZz1if
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOJi3wbcDzE
41%學生認為服食抗生素能夠加快流感治癒速度、498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDD5RwDT7Z3
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOOHzoKlUoU
63%學生的家中有抗生素儲備，498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfRzMiFZ1GC
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxLB9sbKygX
56%學生未經醫生許可購買抗生素。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWF896Kjlkg
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCa8jptffV4
其中913個學生中，有66%因報告疑似流惑徵狀而獲發抗生素。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmqq3qwkiTy
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流感是由病毒引起，抗生素並不會有助治療，反之濫用抗生素只會助長細菌建立抗性，百害而無一利。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFUZz5XwHF5
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyfJA6dvYWI
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ86AqKXd6bq
（圖4）各種抗生素最終會有部份從排泄物的方式排出體外。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡowJdH6uVQS
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgzo2htGkQK
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoSMG2QJhNo
而基於各污水處的污水的Ammonium(銨)與附近的住宅人口調查成正比的關係，只要將抗生素在污水中的濃度與人體新陳代謝的比率作出調整，然後再除Ammonium的濃度，就可以獲得各地區市民服用抗生素的大概狀況。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtRG2Kz045q
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvfUnjCOkwd
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（圖5）最後計算結果為:498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMNCPk9ND3i
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhJQcBShkTo
北京市每1萬人口每日服用約21.9克的抗生素。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf0tuqYvxY7
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRFJwhe2nAL
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文中作者聲稱，此數據比早前的數據低出70%，判斷中國推行抗生素管理政策後非常有效。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGG7qmZg6FH
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而這種利用污水來調查人口社會狀況，學名為Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)，不少國家亦都有廣泛使用的報告，其中印度芬蘭等國家亦在污水中找出武肺病毒的存在，而啟動病毒來源追溯程序。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡljMmsJcnNl
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkCtPXwL1H7
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1dUdp4zBWK
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI6wpLOuBc8
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhSKF6KUEzq
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5NxrILgbyL
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT4gXDkvpCl
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Link:498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqZ81yREvXC
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5XhlzEpWm7
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQL9k0QMWbR
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkcn4TeIEtX
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiBqJlv8v4L
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https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxGL95L3WKo
498Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfjY2L5HjBV
Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018320877
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