日常家中的污水,會排放至污水處理廠作淨化處理。368Please respect copyright.PENANAgCP5aNrwMS368Please respect copyright.PENANAkdxb3excr1
但你有沒有想過,污水其實包含著各式各樣的資料呢?368Please respect copyright.PENANAG7ECzF7zUI
368Please respect copyright.PENANAwY41jt4hFp
368Please respect copyright.PENANAKDvpTusb6T
(圖2)圖中的星星為北京市的中心,而八個英文字母的所在地則為污水處理廠的位置。368Please respect copyright.PENANAG5Wo1IuwEa368Please respect copyright.PENANAeSiYRh6mka
368Please respect copyright.PENANA235zmDj2zQ
有科學家特意從八道污水處理廠拿取未經處理過的污水,檢測裡頭的抗生素濃度(Ref1),初心是因為出自於人民對抗生素使用的認知不足。368Please respect copyright.PENANAZcaVC7UATF
368Please respect copyright.PENANAHhWmV8As3k368Please respect copyright.PENANA8tLJsiZGCM
368Please respect copyright.PENANAQHw5VE8yMV
(圖3)中國在2017年對11,192個大學生作問卷調查,發現368Please respect copyright.PENANAqdW4ihMsJn
368Please respect copyright.PENANAPmo3UjyM6s
41%學生認為服食抗生素能夠加快流感治癒速度、368Please respect copyright.PENANArpONEj2PRh
368Please respect copyright.PENANAlXcKkp1LaU
63%學生的家中有抗生素儲備,368Please respect copyright.PENANAPTSRI7YWjy
368Please respect copyright.PENANAbwzSXweCmV
56%學生未經醫生許可購買抗生素。368Please respect copyright.PENANA4pRbJvMxb7
368Please respect copyright.PENANARcLPGgDm8B
其中913個學生中,有66%因報告疑似流惑徵狀而獲發抗生素。368Please respect copyright.PENANA4WbFhInhbi
368Please respect copyright.PENANABXYCdI7v5k
368Please respect copyright.PENANABfb3P2Dg3a
流感是由病毒引起,抗生素並不會有助治療,反之濫用抗生素只會助長細菌建立抗性,百害而無一利。368Please respect copyright.PENANAtITAAI6fZD
368Please respect copyright.PENANAb0dDRnA2qe
368Please respect copyright.PENANAsTVGFcx2D8
(圖4)各種抗生素最終會有部份從排泄物的方式排出體外。368Please respect copyright.PENANAb9YwaNeADb368Please respect copyright.PENANAzqEU8G4Osq
368Please respect copyright.PENANAgpxgi0WPUl
而基於各污水處的污水的Ammonium(銨)與附近的住宅人口調查成正比的關係,只要將抗生素在污水中的濃度與人體新陳代謝的比率作出調整,然後再除Ammonium的濃度,就可以獲得各地區市民服用抗生素的大概狀況。368Please respect copyright.PENANA38jKjFgZL7
368Please respect copyright.PENANAPTbLkCnx2d
368Please respect copyright.PENANAOdrku5o9IV
(圖5)最後計算結果為:368Please respect copyright.PENANAKtHe0bNqrO
368Please respect copyright.PENANAzvnXK1Of0k
北京市每1萬人口每日服用約21.9克的抗生素。368Please respect copyright.PENANAG0QOAsJ1Mk368Please respect copyright.PENANANU583fJaj7
368Please respect copyright.PENANAMQim70PDoZ
文中作者聲稱,此數據比早前的數據低出70%,判斷中國推行抗生素管理政策後非常有效。368Please respect copyright.PENANAV1gKt0GWR7
368Please respect copyright.PENANAnwvT1IcdBZ
368Please respect copyright.PENANAsLlCUmykcN
而這種利用污水來調查人口社會狀況,學名為Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE),不少國家亦都有廣泛使用的報告,其中印度芬蘭等國家亦在污水中找出武肺病毒的存在,而啟動病毒來源追溯程序。368Please respect copyright.PENANAXxUoZsLvMz
368Please respect copyright.PENANA1VEldJAdxb
368Please respect copyright.PENANATsbpb5j34d
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。368Please respect copyright.PENANAM4Om4cBV1U
368Please respect copyright.PENANApWq9UiWYQ2
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc368Please respect copyright.PENANA3hoC3QXoXR
368Please respect copyright.PENANAmvoVnrg6BP
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。368Please respect copyright.PENANAbukIvKAJGL
368Please respect copyright.PENANAoxkpEJJkeA
Link:368Please respect copyright.PENANAwF19KhEj2i
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio368Please respect copyright.PENANAMu6okAiiI6
368Please respect copyright.PENANAHnBHH4I1SM
368Please respect copyright.PENANAczqVXDR5Zw
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。368Please respect copyright.PENANAqaGvqs0zah
368Please respect copyright.PENANAM7dFZSleTc
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/368Please respect copyright.PENANAFr2gvJi57V
368Please respect copyright.PENANAcX6y0TRXE3
Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018320877
00
ns 172.70.178.35da2