日常家中的污水,會排放至污水處理廠作淨化處理。591Please respect copyright.PENANAlu2DucYbYD591Please respect copyright.PENANA7glUG6pJfB
但你有沒有想過,污水其實包含著各式各樣的資料呢?591Please respect copyright.PENANAkTQXQbllAY
591Please respect copyright.PENANAKmbm1YCepK
591Please respect copyright.PENANA90lWefWI4G
(圖2)圖中的星星為北京市的中心,而八個英文字母的所在地則為污水處理廠的位置。591Please respect copyright.PENANAYS094mcz1Q591Please respect copyright.PENANAtSO2N4RJEx
591Please respect copyright.PENANAxz8LxiNJhO
有科學家特意從八道污水處理廠拿取未經處理過的污水,檢測裡頭的抗生素濃度(Ref1),初心是因為出自於人民對抗生素使用的認知不足。591Please respect copyright.PENANAHzyselxj90
591Please respect copyright.PENANAfhfZM1XUVk591Please respect copyright.PENANAoC9cwoJ3Bw
591Please respect copyright.PENANAafZJxcUzeL
(圖3)中國在2017年對11,192個大學生作問卷調查,發現591Please respect copyright.PENANAPPMMXoe8zA
591Please respect copyright.PENANAfhb6XBgTK1
41%學生認為服食抗生素能夠加快流感治癒速度、591Please respect copyright.PENANAi7o0CpnoFN
591Please respect copyright.PENANA9nTCx7NzcY
63%學生的家中有抗生素儲備,591Please respect copyright.PENANA4JQz373EFf
591Please respect copyright.PENANAv7fwfsOuZg
56%學生未經醫生許可購買抗生素。591Please respect copyright.PENANAMkw78yMjti
591Please respect copyright.PENANAGqraSMNDGG
其中913個學生中,有66%因報告疑似流惑徵狀而獲發抗生素。591Please respect copyright.PENANAO3Tg1HLdkN
591Please respect copyright.PENANAPvvclnwzXl
591Please respect copyright.PENANAiKltVPl9mn
流感是由病毒引起,抗生素並不會有助治療,反之濫用抗生素只會助長細菌建立抗性,百害而無一利。591Please respect copyright.PENANA1HVzNazRmk
591Please respect copyright.PENANAzJPjWxIcqK
591Please respect copyright.PENANAgbRIPQoNMD
(圖4)各種抗生素最終會有部份從排泄物的方式排出體外。591Please respect copyright.PENANAgvD7iWgbkK591Please respect copyright.PENANAesyy67ZiRL
591Please respect copyright.PENANAzqR0yE8oo4
而基於各污水處的污水的Ammonium(銨)與附近的住宅人口調查成正比的關係,只要將抗生素在污水中的濃度與人體新陳代謝的比率作出調整,然後再除Ammonium的濃度,就可以獲得各地區市民服用抗生素的大概狀況。591Please respect copyright.PENANAaOB5e4oFMN
591Please respect copyright.PENANAXpHi3VRr7p
591Please respect copyright.PENANAmN1tqR0Qye
(圖5)最後計算結果為:591Please respect copyright.PENANAclBbfVodgC
591Please respect copyright.PENANAYQNppLTQ8q
北京市每1萬人口每日服用約21.9克的抗生素。591Please respect copyright.PENANAmx3J4k8J7d591Please respect copyright.PENANAhsy6d5155e
591Please respect copyright.PENANAsCBHDlpbHj
文中作者聲稱,此數據比早前的數據低出70%,判斷中國推行抗生素管理政策後非常有效。591Please respect copyright.PENANA1dikpSahkR
591Please respect copyright.PENANAsBSgolwDIR
591Please respect copyright.PENANA1orllrS1NJ
而這種利用污水來調查人口社會狀況,學名為Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE),不少國家亦都有廣泛使用的報告,其中印度芬蘭等國家亦在污水中找出武肺病毒的存在,而啟動病毒來源追溯程序。591Please respect copyright.PENANA1CDC7pC1sW
591Please respect copyright.PENANAptXPlDVyok
591Please respect copyright.PENANAlKW3HFYguC
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。591Please respect copyright.PENANAjd5lvQ3ZFx
591Please respect copyright.PENANAdSnS23LQGM
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc591Please respect copyright.PENANAr3nIxVqCI4
591Please respect copyright.PENANAQGY8eytZ1r
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。591Please respect copyright.PENANArOVTaC7GdY
591Please respect copyright.PENANArmJbSkmQCv
Link:591Please respect copyright.PENANAKTDY7GrQxk
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio591Please respect copyright.PENANAuf2Te8Hfgk
591Please respect copyright.PENANAR7TaWG0V6A
591Please respect copyright.PENANAPqbFfZ9HCL
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。591Please respect copyright.PENANAvxZM6i2RZv
591Please respect copyright.PENANAbCJEWTbhe9
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/591Please respect copyright.PENANAKDawuSZuGu
591Please respect copyright.PENANAgz0WrkaYy5
Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018320877
00
ns216.73.216.79da2