日常家中的污水，會排放至污水處理廠作淨化處理。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVWf6RU4QdV
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Wv8V19im1
但你有沒有想過，污水其實包含著各式各樣的資料呢?582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFmrEQS6fEe
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfByjACw39x
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5wHYdybhEV
（圖2）圖中的星星為北京市的中心，而八個英文字母的所在地則為污水處理廠的位置。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyfBfoICbth
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEwbFp8V78V
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVRATDP0Lrw
有科學家特意從八道污水處理廠拿取未經處理過的污水，檢測裡頭的抗生素濃度（Ref1)，初心是因為出自於人民對抗生素使用的認知不足。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ZC1A3Ya1O
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKSG0Iow0Mf
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrN6F8edirf
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq2aufhGPFn
（圖3）中國在2017年對11,192個大學生作問卷調查，發現582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8wZ7JUcLQc
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTGUjDq24a5
41%學生認為服食抗生素能夠加快流感治癒速度、582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEf0D8bQUbu
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi1HA6gBebk
63%學生的家中有抗生素儲備，582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxCTrXcsMoS
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡghJmVyg1l9
56%學生未經醫生許可購買抗生素。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCsABgUjQSD
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmCYtjuu9GD
其中913個學生中，有66%因報告疑似流惑徵狀而獲發抗生素。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOOq1dO9VKk
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlKflQB7Nub
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBkSG7PuTqv
流感是由病毒引起，抗生素並不會有助治療，反之濫用抗生素只會助長細菌建立抗性，百害而無一利。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA5mpSh3fto
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaDOqghQIqU
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLxXnfrQDT4
（圖4）各種抗生素最終會有部份從排泄物的方式排出體外。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS1I7tTLMTs
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjFhHk04PQd
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRRfJxhDAYC
而基於各污水處的污水的Ammonium(銨)與附近的住宅人口調查成正比的關係，只要將抗生素在污水中的濃度與人體新陳代謝的比率作出調整，然後再除Ammonium的濃度，就可以獲得各地區市民服用抗生素的大概狀況。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkRJc0pPz41
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSFDdNz9NMZ
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt05ftHZsvR
（圖5）最後計算結果為:582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡckVZ3BnLup
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGlCcwug9DD
北京市每1萬人口每日服用約21.9克的抗生素。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJDCD9c7Wcj
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqszax2oMwI
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ00VhOCtsYk
文中作者聲稱，此數據比早前的數據低出70%，判斷中國推行抗生素管理政策後非常有效。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL5cUQUu6YD
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY3d3D7PE3x
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSztPf8Y6Ij
而這種利用污水來調查人口社會狀況，學名為Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)，不少國家亦都有廣泛使用的報告，其中印度芬蘭等國家亦在污水中找出武肺病毒的存在，而啟動病毒來源追溯程序。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxa8NdGmPBX
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSmKsuAJ3rL
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGAawMW1mY2
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeZguGhpWDp
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfmrvRoxal7
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKYSqs6BYOz
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI5VjJ3JmBO
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfWF3wrj4kI
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrMmXbnn1ox
Link:582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtaHlwL16fC
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7XO91wlXgu
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ92dYcH52gD
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsZCzJCeAwS
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCHbogFuFsh
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO13jVZM4Aq
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF65kz5bl6q
582Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡejJPFrba8N
Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018320877
00
ns216.73.216.251da2
