科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–以中性pH7的方式染髮

黑色的秀髮，最主要是由真黑素(Eumelanin)天然染成。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIhvk1hQYDk
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（圖2）皮膚下的黑素細胞(Melanocyte)會製造出黑色粒子Melanosomes，而這些黑色粒子Melanosomes會走到表皮(Epidermis)或者髮囊(Hair follicile)，賦予皮膚及頭髮黑色外表。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDKTI1CScce
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（圖3）圖中為Melanosomes裡頭的生物化學反應，起始材料為氨基酸，經過一輪酶素的化學反應後，最終成品將為黑色真黑素及啡色真黑素。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbmSR3v329Q
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而根據兩者比例的不同，最終的顏色效果亦會有所不同，所以Melanosomes並不一定是純黑色，亦因而解釋了為何並不是所有人的頭髮也是漆黑黑一片。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWP7DaFznlf
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值得留意的是，這一系列發生在Melanosomes的反應均是在中性pH7的環境下進行，有別於現時常用的鹼性pH化學染髮方式。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9s1oR34zHW
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有科學家看準這一點，因而嘗試照辦煮碗在體外套用我們自身Melanosomes蛋白酶的機制方式進行染髮（Ref1)。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtWYOxb32Ic
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（圖4）從圖中可見，鹼性pH化學染髮以及中性pH7模仿人類Melanosomes裡頭生物化學反應方式染髮（2小時，攝氏35度），兩者最終的外表差別不大。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyPjCmQw1nj
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而且經過5次清水沖洗及10分鐘的洗髮水猛烈沖洗後，兩者亦沒有出現脫色的現象。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4blM40DAlF
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只不過，利用鹼性pH化學染髮的話，色素會徹底進入髮質內部。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ8RVHkluFx
反觀中性pH7生物化學反應方式染髮，色素主要聚集在髮質外部，因此對頭髮的傷害相對較低。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN04WrKxekJ
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（圖5）在圖中亦可以清楚看得到，鹼性pH化學染髮對頭髮外部會做成傷害(箭嘴所指位置)，56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQRuCxqyjQg
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而中性pH7模仿人類Melanosomes裡頭生物化學反應方式染髮則沒有這個問題。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1WY0X1ufmr
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此方法能否在日後淘汰鹼性pH化學染髮或其他的染髮手段，我們將可拭目以待。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmNJKdWVwtP
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Ref1:https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02790copyright protection52ＰＥＮＡＮＡNhLgZxvqBQ