癌細胞逃避免疫細胞追殺的手段何其之多，除了較早前提及的PD1/PD1L手段之外，他們亦會用上民建聯蛇齋餅糉的手段應對免疫細胞。454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaYUxIDoB2N
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMeDky8wXSP
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡywpsmxHpn8
PD1/PD1L手段:https://lih.kg/gzGnLS454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxt4NZwZ81P
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoNVA5Q93Tq
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ289xiBDmvJ
（圖2）癌細胞(尤其是腦癌)會表達大量的TDO蛋白酶，TDO蛋白酶會將從外來吸取的氨基酸Tryptophan代謝成為Kynureine;454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwjAHbB0zsU
整個代謝過程是在癌細胞的內部發生。454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS6ta3nphen
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS35Sl64FEg
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpX03jRp1e9
（圖3）癌細胞可以自用Kynurenine來觸發AhR蛋白質，輔助自己的生長。454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1I3I0ed1bx
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrRx9c7abOE
同時間，癌細胞亦可將Kynurenine排出四周，而當周遭的免疫細胞吸取Kynurenine後，他們殲滅癌細胞的能力便會下降。454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6TKOzTh3N3
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNiWAZZ4lmZ
亦即是說，當免疫細胞獲取癌細胞所提供的蛇齋餅糉（Kynurenine）後，隨之便會被成功收買，不再侵襲癌細胞。454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8przMnruYs
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJV6GGO9oyv
（圖4）除Kynurenine外，二噁英亦能觸發AhR蛋白質，為癌細胞締造一道美好的生存環境。454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhC048vP03i
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1YnQ7k3hsY
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8XnNje0We7
現今有不少癌症藥物正試圖阻隔AhR蛋白質的觸發來消滅癌症，但亦有證據指出過度阻隔AhR蛋白質有機會反而助長癌細胞的生長，以及引發不良的過敏炎症。454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDXhhVYkiw4
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlYmZ8GtBSj
除研發阻隔AhR蛋白質藥物外，亦有一道方向是研發藥物減低周遭的Kynurenine濃度，減低癌細胞弱化周遭免疫細胞的能力。454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWiLT2jg2TK
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmacTiMVQBs
若然成功，或許能配合現有的免疫治療PD1方法加強效果，消滅癌症。454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgz4Uc5ywOh
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0YWU8CBS8y
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQE1UEGGYk8
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZvascsh7sE
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjK3ARCReZM
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUE2OREPpe7
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkYpR83qWfD
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhE2t7Mt3hk
Link:454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1XMsZOdnw6
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3mTYalPJA0
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe8AGUOjh5p
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz5wiuRI6Fk
基於WhatsApp/Facebook等問題，IG將不會再作更新，只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhAFSGNRbFQ
454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpMnKdwtf4k
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10491454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHTNcoYPGF7
Ref2:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165614717302249454Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDugQl46QjB
