癌細胞逃避免疫細胞追殺的手段何其之多，除了較早前提及的PD1/PD1L手段之外，他們亦會用上民建聯蛇齋餅糉的手段應對免疫細胞。511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAecEqwIQTg
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSyQ330hIOk
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV6PhVeyZm6
PD1/PD1L手段:https://lih.kg/gzGnLS511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5rzaxbHp4o
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW87utuQ7V8
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfipeYdvtY0
（圖2）癌細胞(尤其是腦癌)會表達大量的TDO蛋白酶，TDO蛋白酶會將從外來吸取的氨基酸Tryptophan代謝成為Kynureine;511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeDCnWmFlYw
整個代謝過程是在癌細胞的內部發生。511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkAfPomPeO9
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGMC3jGcIsF
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGcDD8Jy3TB
（圖3）癌細胞可以自用Kynurenine來觸發AhR蛋白質，輔助自己的生長。511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuf9QuZm5h0
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvkx7J1YwhA
同時間，癌細胞亦可將Kynurenine排出四周，而當周遭的免疫細胞吸取Kynurenine後，他們殲滅癌細胞的能力便會下降。511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡts99IYxNqs
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡokFQ9MzFoD
亦即是說，當免疫細胞獲取癌細胞所提供的蛇齋餅糉（Kynurenine）後，隨之便會被成功收買，不再侵襲癌細胞。511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwG9qxkfgHn
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ENVW8Klxp
（圖4）除Kynurenine外，二噁英亦能觸發AhR蛋白質，為癌細胞締造一道美好的生存環境。511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7SQtleBRgw
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvdDaKekPvh
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxS9lGnwMHz
現今有不少癌症藥物正試圖阻隔AhR蛋白質的觸發來消滅癌症，但亦有證據指出過度阻隔AhR蛋白質有機會反而助長癌細胞的生長，以及引發不良的過敏炎症。511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwMd2fXS8yi
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAGbgUTqvMZ
除研發阻隔AhR蛋白質藥物外，亦有一道方向是研發藥物減低周遭的Kynurenine濃度，減低癌細胞弱化周遭免疫細胞的能力。511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvZTN5lG5qa
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡttLWo8p8ne
若然成功，或許能配合現有的免疫治療PD1方法加強效果，消滅癌症。511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡho6rGHgWxb
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡunMlGMisrw
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9FvsQFX1Gb
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzwscyFU22C
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUx5j1XV9ob
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Ya5VgJ86K
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT7dRGzTnXv
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2m6pWsqNEj
Link:511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRSvanCBNzE
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKmTReasbM1
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaVqDbQN84b
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNNRd6Wh3Nd
基於WhatsApp/Facebook等問題，IG將不會再作更新，只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL9btTQAk1W
511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSfy9qNcZdX
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10491511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZuvWfa8tNx
Ref2:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165614717302249511Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgO7zl68nl3
