其中一道腫瘤形成的理論，就是經過無數基因異變的洗滌下，有助癌細胞生長的基因(Oncogene)不斷產生出來對它們有利的蛋白質，而負責抑制癌細胞生長的基因(Tumor Suppressor)則失去功用，沒能產生出制衝它們的蛋白質。580Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdyLH8dfMA9
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在製藥角度來看，對付Oncogene常理上較為合理，畢竟抑制事物比起激發事物會來得更為容易。580Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnXcorwakN8
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（圖2）P53蛋白質是其中一隻Tumor Suppressor，它最常見的變異版本就R175H，意思是它的第175個氨基酸發生了異變。580Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP9FCKnDevn
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P53蛋白質延伸閱讀:580Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ6HIr5vB9z
分半鐘科學–缺氧對癌細胞的好處580Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8KVHw1XTyl
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雖然P53蛋白質主要是位於細胞內部，但當中會有一小節的蛋白質會表達在細胞表面上，名為新生抗原(Neoantigen)，數量極為稀少，可以少至1顆細胞只有10塊表達在其表面上。580Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkMLNn4kjUh
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現時有科學家開始從針對Tumor Suppressor入手，製作出「雙面人」抗體(Bispecific antibodies)，一面辨認癌細胞的新生抗原，另一面則會辨認免疫細胞T cell，目的就是希望透過雙面人抗體拉近免疫細胞與癌細胞的距離，促使免疫細胞更有效率地對癌細胞進行皇天擊殺。580Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ00a1HV2IWt
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（圖3）對老鼠注射平均表面每顆平均只有2塊變種版本新生抗原的癌細胞，七日後可從螢光技術見得到腫瘤有著增大的趨勢。580Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwQKcx18s0c
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而注射能辨認P53蛋白質R175H變種的雙面人抗體後，腫瘤體積顯著有所減少。580Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMP2cCVoTsP
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這技術的好處是能夠針對殺滅擁有特定變異基因的癌細胞，但基於每顆癌細胞的變異位置及程度均有所不同，要活用這技術的話便必須要獲取該病人的癌細胞基因變異狀況。580Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmumVEqJfgN
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螢光技術延伸閱讀:580Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9zESoWuW5p
三十秒科學–透視癌細胞580Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVyqkTR9z8n
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Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2021/02/26/science.abc8697580Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrSg23cZBxz
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