雪櫃、冷氣機、水煲等等各電器不時都會散發出熱力。437Please respect copyright.PENANAoUJwbvlqM8
如果將這些多餘的熱力轉化成為電力,便能夠更有效運用資源,不作浪費。437Please respect copyright.PENANAjlNLQJm0yV
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(圖2)繼續深入講解之前,我們先以非常簡單的方法概括一下發電的原理。437Please respect copyright.PENANAP9iYXQf4m5
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只要電子在閉合電路單方向流動,就能促成電流,提供電力讓燈泡發光。437Please respect copyright.PENANAQ1GRAga1Qj
437Please respect copyright.PENANADOQiJwIzxn
(圖3)要把熱力有效轉化為電力,我們需要一樣能夠有效傳遞電子而同時又不會傳遞熱力的物料。437Please respect copyright.PENANAig5r4RcnRm
437Please respect copyright.PENANAz1JL2ad415
有科學家最近發表文章(Ref1),利用化學物ferricyanide ion Fe(CN)6 –4作為媒體把熱力轉化為電力。437Please respect copyright.PENANAKEryd3mHyi
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選用Fe(CN)6 –4的原因基於其兩種特質。437Please respect copyright.PENANAGXr1M71EYZ
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1.它遇冷(約攝氏20度左右)的時候,再加上Guanidinium ion的輔助下便會變成固體結晶。437Please respect copyright.PENANAD2GJb4303d
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2.它遇熱的時候會放出電子並成為Fe(CN)6 –3。437Please respect copyright.PENANAfmvyCxk4D7
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(圖4)以下就是利用熱力發電的精髓要點。437Please respect copyright.PENANAhUPMOlJic8
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1.Fe(CN)6 –4遇上外間熱力(例如電器所散發出的熱力),因而會釋發電子並成為Fe(CN)6 –3。437Please respect copyright.PENANAi8SK6exJwS
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2.電子在閉合電路走動,產生電流,讓燈泡發亮。437Please respect copyright.PENANAU31Bq6Smvd
437Please respect copyright.PENANAysO3P1ITQb
3.電子到達另一端的凍金屬棒(約攝氏20度)後,從第1點所得來的Fe(CN)6 –3便會接收電子,變回Fe(CN)6 –4。437Please respect copyright.PENANAECAe0k0UYp
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4.Fe(CN)6 –4在Guanidinium ion的輔助下變成固體結晶。437Please respect copyright.PENANAysbS5k9sXC
固體相對上傳熱的能力比液體較弱,因而減低了熱金屬棒把熱力傳到凍金屬棒的效率,促使凍金屬棒及熱金屬棒維持著溫差。437Please respect copyright.PENANAIZDPF9G0lS
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5.在地心吸力的影響下,固體結晶會趨往金屬棒那方。而在熱力的影響下,固體結晶變回液態Fe(CN)6 –4,重回第1點不斷循環。437Please respect copyright.PENANALhV50jZANA
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綜合來說,科學家巧妙利用了Fe(CN)6 –4遇熱釋出電子的特點,以及遇冷配合Guanidinium結成固體、固體不易傳熱的特質,建造了有效傳遞電子而同時又不會有效傳遞熱力的物料。437Please respect copyright.PENANA8OjwDlVZaH
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(圖5)科學家在文中亦嘗試利用20個圖4的模組,在兩極維持50度的溫差下,提供電力予各用途之上。437Please respect copyright.PENANAJuLhWBztkM
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現在需要解決的問題,就是找出收集多餘熱力的有效方法及物料,引導熱力到模組裡頭。437Please respect copyright.PENANAWkroc64q2z
文章作者表示現時已積極尋找物料,相信假以時日絕有可能會在市面見到收集電器熱力發電的設備。437Please respect copyright.PENANASyZAwipY4r
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。437Please respect copyright.PENANAAOzoInCdCB
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc437Please respect copyright.PENANAf97JGDTj7N
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio437Please respect copyright.PENANAN5WdyffKCc
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。437Please respect copyright.PENANAKioPCMBnw9
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Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/09/09/science.abd6749437Please respect copyright.PENANAATPHpg89yR