隨著細胞的基因變異一直累積，正常細胞形成癌細胞的機會亦會相應提升。589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZRSfpymXhs
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKwvSdgIxpb
但細胞是否只需要基因變異這一個誘因便能夠轉化為癌細胞呢？589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRTmIucdWRQ
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這一方面還有一定程度的斟酌空間。589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq41BRhJB4X
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtX194qiqP5
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeiHlYbxqMD
舉例來說，NOTCH1基因變異被認定為是推進食道細胞轉化成為癌細胞的其中一個原因。589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrNGvsKFcI1
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkrkHFuwvPD
但在長者的健康食道細胞裡頭，約有30-80%的細胞均擁有NOTCH1基因變異，而他們身體並沒有出現及發生食道癌。589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHVVz7InI9j
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589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCyD3oonD0I
（圖2）而在老鼠實驗方面，單憑服用DMBA (引致Hras基因變異)或Croton oil(引致發炎效用，不會促進基因變異)的話，並不會引起癌細胞的出現。589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAsSOG3HTVS
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv8aqUXXRPF
唯獨兩者以先後的方式給予老鼠的話，癌細胞才會有所形成。589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwBx4T5nJkV
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這不禁讓科學家開始思考一道問題，是否基因變異再加上某種特定條件，就可以促進癌細胞形成呢？589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC7hdUDcno5
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJTJpo0kpOQ
（圖3）為解答這個問題，英國開始了名為Mutographs的計劃，589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSRUxNznfzW
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Y4Y6YnYTN
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCr5sFd1mH7
集5大洲超過5000個病人的癌細胞基因圖譜(主要集中在食道、大腸、腎臟及胰臟癌)，589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKniPJ0HkpM
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5SkUx9SPeX
同時比對病人的日常習慣(食用習慣、酒精飲用、熱飲喜好等等)，589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD1AexPn1wl
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9mpN5iff42
其中一個目標就是想找出哪一種特殊條件配上某一個基因變異會特別容易促進癌細胞的形成。589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0DCalp18qj
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi1vFJd9LaQ
若然能得出確切的結果並附上內裡的細胞機制支持的話，這將會為預防癌症形成的領域作出重大的貢獻。589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZUyI1bkvD9
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk4x0Qa9RUT
以上的資料均取自Ref1。589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmmO6gJw2sr
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNSu3gaCTCe
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUuBoqVI57o
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRu9OlwZjYp
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP93uNxxCBH
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOk1FuP9PEU
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKQPYzssTSX
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Link:589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLCQO8Xdwow
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB2iatP1Wqz
589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHRsBYTr6Bj
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpfviU1m2d1
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https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/589Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3VVhzZ5AnQ
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-020-00727-5
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