極端氣候開始陸續浮現,人為及自然因素相信均有份參與。在這層面上,我們有沒有辦法可以得知以往的氣候變化又是如何呢?521Please respect copyright.PENANAC1lV1a6XeG
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本篇將會探討一下測量地球海洋溫度轉變的其中一一道辦法。521Please respect copyright.PENANA5mGwF60V34521Please respect copyright.PENANAV8CGmvnFnq
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(圖2)二氧化碳是由一個碳原子(C)及兩個氧原子(O)而組成。521Please respect copyright.PENANARY14u6gD3O521Please respect copyright.PENANAYHFSawT2DE
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用沒有讀過理科的角度來觀看,碳原子在自然界會以12C、13C及其他形式的狀態呈現,其中以12C呈現的方式佔大多數,達98.89%。而13C的比例則為1.11%。521Please respect copyright.PENANAxzxUMfgStu
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氧原子亦是同一道理,在自然界會以16O、18O及其他形式的狀態呈現。521Please respect copyright.PENANAeNBVTIVgS5
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整個情形就像是明治香蕉朱古力一樣,雖然同是香蕉狀,但有極少數的朱古力會以黃金香蕉的方式呈現。521Please respect copyright.PENANAGLyCuFRoCN
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(圖3)位於深海的有孔蟲(Foraminifera)的外殼含有CaCO3物質。它們會與水產生反應,因而交換氧原子的呈現方式。521Please respect copyright.PENANA5hlnoRPFvv521Please respect copyright.PENANAuvcNWXUEPq
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非常重要的是,這反應會隨著溫度提升而加速進行。521Please respect copyright.PENANAWSDCMQdWOU
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亦即是說,溫度越高的話,越多有孔蟲外殼的CaCO3物質會以18O的方式呈現。521Please respect copyright.PENANA0gkwG9nVEA
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(圖4)科學家透過測量不同年代的孔蟲化石外殼的氧原子狀態,從而推論出不同時代的海洋溫度。521Please respect copyright.PENANAziHfqeHaqa521Please respect copyright.PENANAp51t4RPUio
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從圖中可見,海洋的溫度正呈著不斷下降的趨勢。521Please respect copyright.PENANAOlKAX95dd7
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海洋溫度會影響大海吸收二氧化碳的能力及內裡的生物鏈,而海洋溫度正不斷下降,究竟是好還是壞呢?521Please respect copyright.PENANAmN2lATWKZ8
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。521Please respect copyright.PENANAJSLIlAQ4wy
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。521Please respect copyright.PENANA4xYOEhEFup
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Ref1:https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~peter/Resources/Seminar/readings/Ravelo%20&%20Hillaire-Marcel.2007.pdf521Please respect copyright.PENANAOnDTKSBYyI
Ref2:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6534/1148521Please respect copyright.PENANAkwQhym50pG